Faktor-faktor Psikologis Penentu Niat Ibu-ibu Rumah Tangga Di Indonesia Untuk Membeli Produk Tiruan/palsu

This paper aims to examine housewives self-reported intention to buy counterfeit products by employing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the research framework. In total, 600 housewives completed a survey questionnaire measuring their responses to seven constructs in the TPB. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used as the technique for data analysis with two step approach. The results of this study showed that overall the variables in the TPB model (attitude, subjective norms, perceived control behaviors) were able to explain and predict housewives intention to buy counterfeit products. Attitudes toward behavior have a greater influence on intentions to buy. Additional variables that are included: values were able to explain and predict attitudes toward buying behavior, past behavior was able to explain and predict perceived behavioral control, and social status could explain and predict housewives intention to buy counterfeit products

Fluid flow at the interface between elastic solids with randomly rough surfaces

I study fluid flow at the interface between elastic solids with randomly rough surfaces. I use the contact mechanics model of Persson to take into account the elastic interaction between the solid walls and the Bruggeman effective medium theory to account for the influence of the disorder on the fluid flow. I calculate the flow tensor which determines the pressure flow factor and, e.g., the leak-rate of static seals. I show how the perturbation treatment of Tripp can be extended to arbitrary order in the ratio between the root-mean-square roughness amplitude and the average interfacial surface separation. I introduce a matrix D(Zeta), determined by the surface roughness power spectrum, which can be used to describe the anisotropy of the surface at any magnification Zeta. I present results for the asymmetry factor Gamma(Zeta) (generalized Peklenik number) for grinded steel and sandblasted PMMA surfaces.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figure

Aquaporin 5 Interacts with Fluoride and Possibly Protects Against Caries

Aquaporins (AQP) are water channel proteins and the genes coding for AQP2, AQP5, and AQP6 are clustered in 12q13. Since AQP5 is expressed in serous acinar cells of salivary glands, we investigated its involvement in caries. DNA samples from 1,383 individuals from six groups were studied. Genotypes of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms covering the aquaporin locus were tested for association with caries experience. Interaction with genes involved in enamel formation was tested. The association between enamel microhardness at baseline, after creation of artificial caries lesion, and after exposure to fluoride and the genetic markers in AQP5 was tested. Finally, AQP5 expression in human whole saliva, after exposure to fluoride in a mammary gland cell line, which is known to express AQP5, and in Wistar rats was also verified. Nominal associations were found between caries experience and markers in the AQP5 locus. Since these associations suggested that AQP5 may be inhibited by levels of fluoride in the drinking water that cause fluorosis, we showed that fluoride levels above optimal levels change AQP5 expression in humans, cell lines, and rats. We have shown that AQP5 is involved in the pathogenesis of caries and likely interact with fluoride.Fil: Anjomshoaa, Ida. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Briseño Ruiz, Jessica. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Deeley, Kathleen. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Poletta, Fernando Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET.; ArgentinaFil: Mereb, Juan C.. Provincia de Río Negro. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital de Área El Bolsón ; ArgentinaFil: Leite, Aline L.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Barreta, Priscila A. T.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Silva, Thelma L.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Dizak, Piper. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Ruff, Timothy. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Patir, Asli. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi; TurquíaFil: Koruyucu, Mine. İstanbul Üniversitesi; TurquíaFil: Abbasoğlu, Zerrin. Yeditepe Üniversitesi; TurquíaFil: Casado, Priscila L.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Brown, Andrew. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Zaky, Samer H.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Bayram, Merve. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi; TurquíaFil: Küchler, Erika C.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Cooper, Margaret E.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Liu, Kai. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Marazita, Mary L.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Tanboğa, İlknur. Marmara Üniversitesi; TurquíaFil: Granjeiro, José M.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; Brasil. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia; BrasilFil: Seymen, Figen. İstanbul Üniversitesi; TurquíaFil: Castilla, Eduardo Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET.; Argentina. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Orioli, Iêda M.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Sfeir, Charles. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Owyang, Hongjiao. Marmara Üniversitesi; TurquíaFil: Rabelo Buzalaf, Marilia Afonso. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Vieira, Alexandre R.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados Unido

Tribodynamics of hydraulic actuated clutch system for engine-downsizing in heavy duty off-highway vehicles

Engine downsizing is desired for modern heavy-duty vehicles to enhance fuel economy and reduce emissions. However, the smaller engines usually cannot overcome the parasitic loads during engine start-up. A new clutch system is designed to disconnect the downsized engine from the parasitic losses prior to the idling speed. A multi-scale, multi-physics model is developed to study the clutch system. Multi-body dynamics is used to study the combined translational–rotational motions of the clutch components. A micro-scale contact model is incorporated to represent the frictional characteristics of the sliding surfaces. Although the clutch is designed for dry contact operation, leakage of actuating hydraulic fluid can affect the interfacial frictional characteristics. These are integrated into the multi-body dynamic analysis through tribometric studies of partially wetted surfaces using fresh and shear-degraded lubricants. Multi-scale simulations include sensitivity analysis of key operating parameters, such as contact pressure. This multi-physics approach is not hitherto reported in the literature. The study shows the importance of adhesion in dry clutch engagement, enabling full torque capacity. The same is also noted for any leakage of significantly shear-degraded lubricant into the clutch interfaces. However, the ingression of fresh lubricant into the contact is found to reduce the clutch torque capacity

Effect of cylinder deactivation on tribological performance of piston compression ring and connecting rod bearing

Thermo-mixed-hydrodynamics of compression rings and big-end bearings are presented. Frictional losses under normal engine operating conditions for a gasoline engine and those with cylinder deactivation (CDA) are predicted. With CDA, the combustion chamber pressure increases in the active cylinders, whilst some residual pressure remains in the deactivated ones. For the former, the increased in-cylinder temperatures reduce viscous friction, whilst reducing the load carrying capacity, promoting increased boundary interactions. In deactivated cylinders, lower contact temperatures yield increased viscous friction. Overall, a 5% improvement in expended fuel is expected with the application of CDA. However, 10% of these gains are expended due to increased friction. The study demonstrates the need to consider total system effects when introducing new technologies such as CDA

Aquaporin 5 interacts with fluoride and possibly protects against caries

Aquaporins (AQP) are water channel proteins and the genes coding for AQP2, AQP5, and AQP6 are clustered in 12q13. Since AQP5 is expressed in serous acinar cells of salivary glands, we investigated its involvement in caries. DNA samples from 1,383 individuals from six groups were studied. Genotypes of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms covering the aquaporin locus were tested for association with caries experience. Interaction with genes involved in enamel formation was tested. The association between enamel microhardness at baseline, after creation of artificial caries lesion, and after exposure to fluoride and the genetic markers in AQP5 was tested. Finally, AQP5 expression in human whole saliva, after exposure to fluoride in a mammary gland cell line, which is known to express AQP5, and in Wistar rats was also verified. Nominal associations were found between caries experience and markers in the AQP5 locus. Since these associations suggested that AQP5 may be inhibited by levels of fluoride in the drinking water that cause fluorosis, we showed that fluoride levels above optimal levels change AQP5 expression in humans, cell lines, and rats. We have shown that AQP5 is involved in the pathogenesis of caries and likely interacts with fluoride

A multiscale method for optimising surface topography in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) using metamodels

The frictional performance of a bearing is of significant interest in any mechanical system where there are lubricated surfaces under load and in relative motion. Surface topography plays a major role in determining the coefficient of friction for the bearing because the size of the fluid film and topography are of a comparable order. The problem of optimising topography for such a system is complicated by the separation in scales between the size of the lubricated domain and that of the topography, which is of at least one order of magnitude or more smaller. This paper introduces a multiscale method for optimising the small scale topography for improved frictional performance of the large scale bearing. The approach fully couples the elastohydrodynamic lubrication at both scales between pressure generated in the lubricant and deformation of the bounding surfaces. Homogenised small scale data is used to inform the large scale model and is represented using Moving Least Squares metamodels calibrated by cross validation. An optimal topography for a minimum coefficient of friction for the bearing is identified and comparisons made of local minima in the response, where very different topographies with similar frictional performance are observed. Comparisons of the optimal topography with the smooth surface model demonstrated the complexity of capturing the non-linear effect of topography and the necessity of the multiscale method in capturing this. Deviations from the smooth surface model were quantified by the metamodel coefficients and showed how topographies with a similar frictional performance have very different characteristics

Role of estrogen related receptor beta (ESRRB) in DFN35B hearing impairment and dental decay

Background: Congenital forms of hearing impairment can be caused by mutations in the estrogen related receptor beta (ESRRB) gene. Our initial linkage studies suggested the ESRRB locus is linked to high caries experience in humans.Methods: We tested for association between the ESRRB locus and dental caries in 1,731 subjects, if ESRRB was expressed in whole saliva, if ESRRB was associated with the microhardness of the dental enamel, and if ESRRB was expressed during enamel development of mice.Results: Two families with recessive ESRRB mutations and DFNB35 hearing impairment showed more extensive dental destruction by caries. Expression levels of ESRRB in whole saliva samples showed differences depending on sex and dental caries experience.Conclusions: The common etiology of dental caries and hearing impairment provides a venue to assist in the identification of individuals at risk to either condition and provides options for the development of new caries prevention strategies, if the associated ESRRB genetic variants are correlated with efficacy. © 2014 Weber et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd