Fast approach for calculating film thicknesses and pressures in elastohydrodynamically lubricated contacts at high loads

The film thicknesses and pressures in elastohydrodynamically lubricated contacts have been calculated for a line contact by using an improved version of Okamura's approach. The new approach allows for lubricant compressibility, the use of Roelands' viscosity, a general mesh (nonconstant step), and accurate calculations of the elastic deformation. The new approach is described, and the effects on film thickness, pressure, and pressure spike of each of the improvements are discussed. Successful runs have been obtained at high pressure (to 4.8 GPa) with low CPU times

Moving Targets: Instruction with iPads

This contributed paper details a project involving the creation of a mobile instruction ‘classroom in a box’, which consisted of twelve iPads, a laptop and a charging cart. What went well, what was changed, some recommendations, and how the tablets have been most commonly used, in a competitive exposure to library resources called Library Rally in the first year Communication and English classes, are covered

Elastohydrodynamic lubrication calculations used as a tool to study scuffing

A new Reynolds equation was developed that takes into account the nonlinear viscous behavior of the fluid. The new Reynolds equation considers the nonlinear viscous fluid model of Eyring, the equilibrium equation, the constant mass flow, and the kinematic boundary condition. The new Reynolds equation and the elasticity equation are solved simultaneously by using a system approach and a Newton-Raphson technique. Comparisons are made with results obtained from the classical Reynolds equation. The effects of sliding speed and introducing a bump or a groove within the conjunction are studied. Results are shown for both moderate and heavy loads

Decision Making Under Uncertainty Among Agricultural Commodity Traders

Understanding how humans behave has received increased attention in research in the most recent decades. While insights into human behavior are essential for the functioning of markets, these insights are also crucial for the guidance of policymaking and public spending decisions to ensure that markets are fair and accessible for all. This research has the unique opportunity to use a dataset of commercial grain trader transactions to study the decision-making and behavior of commercial traders in agricultural commodity markets rather than institutional investors or speculators. Paper one focuses on the performance of commercial grain traders and their ability to perform above expectations consistently and the role of gender and experience in achieving their performance. First, a Fisher Exact ranking test is consulted in assessing the ability of traders to perform persistently in two consecutive periods. Next, a top and bottom rank test is used to evaluate the magnitude of their profitability over successive periods. In addition to the two tests for persistent trader performance, the influence of gender and experience were also investigated in paper one. The second paper focuses on the use of reference points in the decision-making of commercial grain traders. For this study, a two-way panel data model was chosen to test the influence of a trader’s past performance or commodity price level, grain basis, influenced the purchasing decisions of commercial grain traders when purchasing grain with forward contracts. Past trader performance is measured in trader margin, calculated after a transaction is completed. The amount of bushels purchased and the forward contract length were investigated to capture risk in commodity markets by the size of the transaction or duration of the forward contract. Finally, in the third paper, the role of the United States Department of Agriculture World Agriculture Supply and Demand Estimate (WASDE) report is investigated regarding its public value compared to private estimates that try to forecast the stocks-use-ratio of commodities. In this paper, we also analyze the reaction of corn producers and not only the commercial grain traders. Further, the different grain marketing seasons and weeks around the release of the WASDE were tested for their importance in making buying or selling decisions in corn markets

Risk Return of Farmer-Elevator Contracts for Soybeans and Corn in Arkansas

In Arkansas the contribution of Agriculture to the states GDP is comparatively high. To help farmer\u27s return risk the grain industry developed several marketing tools to support farmers. Literature in this research field finds different results for different locations, commodities, marketing tools and marketing years. As Agriculture in Arkansas is important for its economy this study focuses on soybeans and corn produced in the fertile north-eastern area of Arkansas that uses Memphis Tennessee as a spot market palace. The examined marketing tools are pre-harvest futures hedges and forward contracts as well as post-harvest storage strategies and minimum price contracts. All those strategies are compared with the base strategy of harvest cash sales. Additionally, a profit margin rule with three targeted cost of production (COP) coverage levels are applied to each marketing tool resulting in 13 separate marketing strategies. The COP levels chosen are 100%, 125% and 150%. Using a simulation approach, 48000 daily price sequences are generated based upon historical price observations from 2001 to 2012 to reflect a range of potential representative market conditions. So, for each pre-harvest and post-harvest marketing year 1000 iterations of daily cash and futures price sequences are simulated for each commodity, and 312000 net returns across all strategies created. These net returns are grouped by strategy into 12 observation/year samples and 26000 sample mean net returns and sample standard deviations of net returns are measured. An ANOVA analysis is employed to provide parameter estimates for the categorical variables, commodity type and marketing strategy. The results indicate that pre-harvest marketing strategies, on average generate higher net returns than cash sales at harvest. The post-harvest strategies show a good reduction in the average standard deviation of net returns but with lower average mean net returns compared with selling the un-hedged cash crop at harvest

Du temps à l’espace – l’aventure du XXe siècle

Au cours de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, au moment précis où le temps exerçait l'emprise la plus pressante et la plus oppressante qui soit (voir notamment Darwin, Clausius et Schopenhauer), l'espace me paraît s'être substitué au temps comme expérience première de l'être au monde. Si Rimbaud échoue, certes, dans sa tentative de tuer le temps par une sorte d'accélération éperdue, il est en revanche le premier à le prendre au piège de l'espace, d'un espace poétique fait de simultanéité et de réversibilité.Mallarmé puis Valéry et Apollinaire feront de ce nouvel espace, proprement phénoménologique, le lieu où le Moi (celui de l'auteur comme celui du lecteur) pourra se frayer sa propre voie, à la rencontre ou à l'encontre de lui-même - inaugurant ainsi le XXe siècle au cours duquel l'écriture ne prendra sens, dans une large mesure, qu'à former cet espace où, littéralement, un Moi peut s'inventer.My hypothesis is that, during the second half of the nineteenth century, precisely when time was asserting itself so insistently and oppressively, as is emphasised by Darwin's, Clausius's and Schopenhauer's work, space replaced time as Man's primary experience of Being-in-the-world. If Rimbaud fails in his attempt to kill time, through a kind of frantic acceleration, he will, on the other hand, be the first to capture time in space, in a poetic space made up of simultaneity and reversibility.Mallarmé, then Valéry and Apollinaire will make this new space, truly phenomenological, the locus where the self (the author's as well the reader's) be able to effectuate itself, on the way to self-discovery - thus announcing the twentieth century, during which writing will largely derive its meaning from being the space where the self can literally invent itself

What can hydrography tell Us about the strength of the Nordic Seas MOC over the last 70 to 100 years?

The flow of warm water into the Nordic Seas plays an important role for the mild climate of central and northern Europe. Here we estimate the stability of this flow thanks to the extensive hydrographic record that dates back to the early 1900s. Using all casts in two areas with little mean flow just south and north of the Greenland‐Scotland Ridge that bracket the two main inflow branches, we find a well‐defined approximately ±0.5 Sv volume transport (and a corresponding ±30 TW heat flux) variation in synchrony with the Atlantic multidecadal variability that peaked most recently around 2010 and is now trending down. No evidence is found for a long‐term trend in transport over the last 70 to 100 years

Technical report on the intercalibration of the sensors on the LION mooring line

The mooring site was chosen in the center of the convection zone at 42° 02.4'N, 4° 41.0'E with a water depth of 2350m. There were seven deployments during which the line was gradually equipped between September 2007 and July 2013 with initially 8 (4 Microcat SBE37) and up to 26 (11 SBE37) instruments. In this report we will only discuss about the Conductivity­Depth­Temperature sensors (Seabird Microcat SBE37). They were located all along the line between 150m deep and 2300 m