Nanoemulsions based on thymol-eugenol mixtures: characterization, stability and larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti

Dengue, Zika, chikungunya and yellow fever are the most important vector-borne diseases worldwide transmitted to humans by Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera Culicidae). Thus, the control of this vector is of vital importance in order to avoid epidemics in tropical and neo-tropical areas. To find new and effective larvicidal formulations for control programs against mosquito populations, aqueous dispersions containing thymol and eugenol were characterized and tested against Ae. aegypti larvae. The dispersion and stabilization of thymol and eugenol in water was possible using a triblock copolymer with two lateral blocks of poly(ethylene oxide) and a central block of poly(propylene oxide), the so-called poloxamer 407, which allows obtaining oil in water (o/w) emulsion. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) points out that emulsions containing eugenol were in most cases monodisperse with an average apparent hydrodynamic diameter of the droplets in the 20-25 nm without destabilization after 28 months from their preparation, which plays a key role for the potential application of the studied formulations. On the other side, those emulsions containing only thymol as oilphase had higher polydispersity, suggesting a central role of eugenol in the dispersion of thymol in water. Furthermore, the combined effect of thymol and eugenol against Ae. aegypti larvae was evaluated. The nanoemulsion containing thymol as main component of the oil phase (100%) showed the lowest LC50 and the introduction of eugenol to the nanoemulsions facilitated the dispersion andstability of thymol in water, even though reducing the effectiveness of the emulsions. The findings on the larvicidal effects of the combined application of the monoterpenes tested could be considered a promising contribution to the development of botanicalderived larvicidal formulations against mosquitos.Fil: Lucia, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable; ArgentinaFil: Toloza, Ariel Ceferino. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Fanucce, Micaela. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación.Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Peña, Laura. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; EspañaFil: Ortega, Francisco. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; EspañaFil: Rubio, Ramón G.. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; EspañaFil: Coviella, Carlos Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable; ArgentinaFil: Guzmán, Eduardo. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Españ

Diagnóstico del clima organizacional en la unidad prestadora de salud Boyacá de la Policía Nacional de Colombia

No aplicaEl Clima Organizacional es un factor clave de éxito para cualquier institución y por ende se debe garantizar un nivel óptimo de forma permanente que aporte significativamente al cumplimiento de objetivos estratégicos, la Policía Nacional no es ajena a este principio y teniendo en cuenta las oportunidades disponibles al interior de la institución, se realiza este proyecto de investigación con el fin de identificar las percepciones actuales al interior de la entidad "Unidad Prestadora de Salud - UPRES" del departamento de Policía Boyacá y poder establecer las recomendaciones pertinentes a los directivos de la unidad partiendo de la información recolectada. Para tal efecto se aplica el método de encuesta desde el 23 de octubre 2023 al 26 de octubre de 2023 a la población total de 102 funcionarios de la unidad, recolectando información desde la fuente primaria y obteniendo como insumo los datos que posteriormente fueron analizados por secciones. Se realizan las recomendaciones pertinentes a la unidad y se sugieren las acciones de mejora que se consideran prudentes de acuerdo con la información analizada, se deja a criterio de los directivos su aplicación y consideraciones correspondientes.The Organizational Climate is a key success factor for any institution and therefore an optimal level must be guaranteed permanently that contributes significantly to the fulfillment of strategic objectives. The National Police of Colombia is no aside to this principle and taking into account the available opportunities within the institution, this research project is carried out in order to identify the current perceptions within the institution "Health Provider Unit - UPRES" of the Boyacá Police Department and to be able to establish the pertinent recommendations to the directors of the unit based on the information collected. For this purpose, the survey method is applied from October 23, 2023 to October 26, 2023 to the total population of 102 officials in the unit, collecting information from the primary source and obtaining as input the data that were subsequently analyzed by sections. Recommendations to the unit are made and improvement actions that are suggested according to the information analyzed, their application and corresponding considerations are left to the discretion of the unit managers

Evolución de la escritura de palabras de ortografía arbitraria en lengua española

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en estudiar la evolución de la escritura de palabras con ortografía arbitraria en alumnado de Educación Primaria (EP). La muestra estaba compuesta por 1.045 escolares de segundo a sexto curso de EP de 4 centros de la Isla de Tenerife, entre 7 y 12 años de edad (M= 113.8; DT= 17.6). Se les dictaban palabras con ortografía arbitraria, reglada y no reglada, y se les pidió también que realizaran tareas de composición escrita (i.e., escritura de una historia apoyada en viñetas, descripción de un personaje y escritura de un cuento). Se analizaron tanto los aciertos como los errores ortográficos en el dictado y la composición escrita. Los resultados encontrados señalan que la ortografía arbitraria, cuando no es reglada, se adquiere a partir de 4º curso de EP, mientras que la escritura de palabras de ortografía reglada la adquieren a partir de 5º curso de EP. Analizando los errores ortográficos en la escritura al dictado se observó que existía mayor confusión en la escritura de los grafemas c/s/z/x. En las diferentes tareas de composición escrita encontramos que, hasta la finalización del segundo ciclo, los escolares tienden a confundir los grafemas b/v, h y c/s/z/x.ABSTARCT: Spelling development in the Spanish language. This study focused on spelling development in Spanish children from elementary grades. A sample of 1045 was selected from 2nd to 6th grade belonging to four schools in Tenerife Island with an age range between 7 and 12 years old (M= 113.8, SD= 17.6). We administered a standardized writing test that includes diverse subtests to assess spelling, ruled and not ruled, and various written composition tasks (i.e., writing a story based on vignettes, describing a character and writing a story). We calculated the average of correct spellings in each variable and school level, and we also analyzed the type of misspellings that children made across different writing tasks. We found that spelling is acquired by 4th-grade children when it is not ruled, whereas the spelling of ruled words is acquired by 5th-grade children. When we analyzed the misspellings in a dictation task, we found that the children confused spelling of the graphemes c/s/z/x. Across different writing tasks, we found that students committed more misspellings with the graphemes b/v, h y c/s/z/x before they finished the 4th elementary grade

Análisis Del Efecto De La Adición De Fibra Cítrica Del Bagazo De La Naranja En Las Propiedades Nutrimentales Y Sensoriales De Un Embutido Y Determinación De La Calidad Microbiológica

The orange bagasse (Citrus sinensis) is a residue with a significant content of citrus fiber (FC); it is used as a functional ingredient in the development of new products. We consider it essential to know the effect of the nutritional and sensorial properties of FC. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of powdered the orange bagasse on the nutritional and sensorial properties of pork and beef sausage. The sausage was prepared by mixing the proportions of minced pork and beef with the corresponding FC, adding spices, orange juice and a solution of natural dye Bixa Orellana, after 24 hours of maturation was stuffed into cellulose casings. A randomized design with three repetitions was used. The treatments were formulations with 0, 5, 10 and 15% of FC respectively, named treatments E0, E5, E10 and E15. The chemical variables evaluated were: moisture content, ash, fat, protein (analyzed by the AOAC method, 1990), and total dietary fiber (by the methodology described by Asp et al., 1983 and Prosky et al, 1988); the microbiological variables: aerobic mesophiles, total and fecal coliforms, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus, detected and quantified with the methods of the corresponding Official Mexican Standards. The sensory variable was the level of liking which was evaluated in 128 consumers, and a commercial sausage called "EC" was used. As a comparison product. In E5, E10 and E15 the fat levels decreased (p <0.05). The ash increased as a function of the addition of FC. Regarding protein, no differences were observed between E0 and E5. In the treatments, E10 and E 15 the protein decreased significantly. Total dietary fiber at E5, E10, and E15 ranged from 4.38 to 10.50%. The consumer test favored E0, E5, and EC. We conclude that the orange bagasse exerts a positive effect by decreasing fat and increasing total dietary fiber. Aleson-Carbonell et al. (2003) report similar behavior. It is concluded that it is feasible to add FC no higher than 5% as an alternative to enrich sausages

Ethnobotany and antimicrobial peptide from plants of Solanaceae family: An update and future prospect

The Solanaceae is an important plant family that has been playing an essential role in traditional medicine and human nutrition. Members of the Solanaceae are rich in bioactive metabolites and have been used by different tribes around the world for ages. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from plants have drawn great interest in recent years and raised new hope for developing new antimicrobial agents for meeting the challenges of antibiotic resistance. This review aims to summarize the reported AMPs from plants of the Solanaceae with possible molecular mechanisms of action as well as to correlate their traditional uses with reported antimicrobial actions of the peptides. A systematic literature study was conducted using different databases until August 2019 based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to literature, a variety of AMPs including defensins, protease inhibitor, lectins, thionin-like peptides, vicilin-like peptides, and snaking were isolated from plants of the Solanaceae and were involved in their defense mechanism. These peptides exhibited significant antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity against organisms for both plant and human host. Brugmansia, Capsicum, Datura, Nicotiana, Salpichora, Solanum, Petunia, and Withania are the most commonly studied genera for AMPs. Among these genera, Capsicum and the Solanum ranked top according to the total number of studies (35%–38% studies) for different AMPs. The mechanisms of action of the reported AMPs from Solanaceae was not any new rather similar to other reported AMPs including alteration of membrane potential and permeability, membrane pore formation, and cell aggregation. Whereas, induction of cell membrane permiabilization, inhibition of germination and alteration of hyphal growth were reported as mechanisms of antifungal activity. Plants of the Solanaceae have been used traditionally as antimicrobial, insecticidal, and antiinfectious agents, and as poisons. The reported AMPs from the Solanaceae are the products of chemical shields to protect plants from microorganisms and pests which unfold an obvious link with their traditional medicinal use. In summary, it is evident that AMPs from this family possess considerable antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacterial and fungal pathogens and can be regarded as a potential source for lead molecules to develop new antimicrobial agents

Prevalencia de las dificultades específicas de aprendizaje : la dislexia en español

El presente trabajo ha tenido como objetivo analizar la prevalencia de las dificultades de aprendizaje en niños españoles. El primer estudio fue diseñado para analizar en la Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias la prevalencia de alumnado identificado dentro de esta categoría de diagnóstico. Se diseñó un segundo estudio, centrado en el área curricular de lengua escrita, con objeto de averiguar si en la detección de las dificultades de aprendizaje es suficiente el criterio curricular o, por el contrario, es necesario establecer además criterios diagnósticos específicos asociados al área curricular. Los resultados del primer estudio demuestran que en la categoría diagnóstica de dificultades de aprendizaje se registran las cifras de prevalencia más altas en el ámbito de la Educación Especial. Asimismo, los hallazgos obtenidos en el segundo estudio sugieren que delimitar de forma operativa la dificultad específica de aprendizaje, combinando el criterio curricular con el psicométrico, reduce el porcentaje de alumnado identificado. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos con vistas a facilitar en la práctica educativa el establecimiento de pautas de intervención más eficaces y mejor adaptadas a las necesidades educativas de este alumnado

Novel polymeric micelles for insect pest control: encapsulation of essential oil monoterpenes inside a triblock copolymer shell for head lice control

Background Essential oil components (EOCs) are molecules with interesting application in pest control, these have been evaluated against different insect pest from more than 100 years, but their practical use is rather limited. Thus, the enhancement of their bioavailability and manageability due to their dispersion in water can open new perspective for the preparation of formulations for the control of insect pest. In this work, we studied the encapsulation of different monoterpenes in a poloxamer shell in order to prepare aqueous formulations that can be used for the development of platforms used in pest control. Methods Micellar systems containing a 5 wt% of poloxamer 407 and 1.25 wt% of the different monoterpenes were prepared. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) experiments were carried out to characterize the dispersion of the EOCs in water. The pediculicidal activity of these micellar systems was tested on head lice using an ex vivo immersion test. Results The poloxamers allowed the dispersion of EOCs in water due to their encapsulation inside the hydrophobic core of the copolymer micelles. From this study, we concluded that it is possible to make stable micellar systems containing water (>90 wt%), 1.25 wt% of different monoterpenes and a highly safe polymer (5wt% Poloxamer 407). These formulations were effective against head lice with mortality ranging from 30 to 60%, being the most effective emulsions those containing linalool, 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol, thymol, eugenol, geraniol and nonyl alcohol which lead to mortalities above 50%. Discussion Since these systems showed good pediculicidal activity and high physicochemical stability, they could be a new route for the green fabrication of biocompatible and biosustainable insecticide formulations

Anales de psicología

El artículo forma parte de una sección dedicada a Psicología Evolutiva y de la EducaciónEl presente trabajo ha tenido como objetivo analizar la prevalencia de las dificultades de aprendizaje (dislexia) en niños españoles. El primer estudio fue diseñado para analizar, en la Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias, la prevalencia de alumnado identificado dentro de esta categoría de diagnóstico. Se diseñó un segundo estudio, centrado en el área curricular de lengua escrita, con objeto de averiguar si en la detección de las dificultades de aprendizaje es suficiente el criterio curricular o por el contrario, es necesario establecer además, criterios diagnósticos específicos asociados al área curricular..MurciaConsejería de Educación, Formación y Empleo. Biblioteca; Avda. de la Fama, 15; 30006 Murcia; +34 968279685; +34 968279835; [email protected]

Rendimiento de la canal de pollos (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) sometidos a pastoreo con Canavalia ensiformis L.: PERFORMANCE OF MEAT OF BROILERS FINISHED IN GRAZING WITH Canavalia ensiformis

Objective: Analyze the performance of the chicken carcass finished in grazing with canavalia (Canavalia ensiformis L.) under edaphoclimatic conditions of the humid tropic of Mexico. Design / methodology / approximation: A total of n=40 Cobb-500 line chickens of 22 d of age and a weight of 1.45 ± 0.17 kg were used. Chickens were divided into two groups under a completely randomized design: A) chickens fed canavalia plus concentrated feed and ground yellow corn (Zea mays L.) (ratio 1: 1), and B) confined chickens fed concentrate and ground yellow corn (ratio 1: one); both groups were fed in the morning for 20 d. The data were analyzed by means of an ANOVA (P <0.05) and comparison of means by the Tukey method. Results: Grazing chickens had the same carcass weight performance as chickens in stabled. However, the grazing chickens consumed 30% less concentrated feed, in addition they presented less fat in breast and abdominal. Limitations of the study / implications: Do not use the plant of canavalia more than 120 d of cultivation, because the content of protein in the leaves decreases. Findings / Conclusions: With the grazing in canavalia, it is reduced up to 50% of fat in breast and a saving of 30% of concentrated food and ground corn without affecting the yield of meat.Objetivo: evaluar el rendimiento de la canal de pollo finalizados en pastoreo con canavalia (Canavalia ensiformis L.), en condiciones edafoclimáticas del trópico húmedo de México. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se utilizó n=40 pollos línea Cobb-500 de 22 d de edad y un peso de 1.45 ±0.17 kg. Los pollos se distribuyeron en dos grupos bajo un diseño completamente al azar: A) pollos alimentados con canavalia más alimento concentrado y maíz amarillo molido (Zea mays L.) (relación 1:1), y B) pollos confinados alimentados con concentrado y maíz amarillo molido (relación 1:1); ambos grupos fueron alimentados por la mañana durante 20 d. Los datos fueron analizados mediante un ANOVA (P<0.05) y comparación de medias por el método de Tukey. Resultados: Los pollos en pastoreo tuvieron el mismo rendimiento de peso canal que los pollos estabulados. Sin embargo, los de pastoreo consumieron 30% menos alimento concentrado, además presentaron menos grasa en pechuga y abdominal. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: No utilizar la planta de canavalia de más de 120 d de cultivo, porque el contenido de proteína en las hojas disminuye.  Hallazgos/conclusiones: Con el pastoreo de canavalia se reduce hasta el 50% de grasa en pechuga y se ahorra 30% de alimento concentrado y maíz molido sin afectar el rendimiento de carne

Caracterización Térmica De Vidrios Con Recubrimientos Metálicos

Por la situación climática de las últimas décadas, las normas internacionales que regulan a los materiales de construcción son cada vez más estrictas. Actualmente, el vidrio es uno de los materiales de construcción más utilizados a nivel global y existen normas para evaluar su rendimiento térmico y así conocer su eficiencia para ahorrar energía. El Coeficiente de Transferencia de Calor (U) y el Coeficiente de Ganancia de Calor Solar (CGCS) son los principales parámetros térmicos que se utilizan para verificar si el rendimiento del material es satisfactorio en función de las normas vigentes y el mercado de vidrios. Para determinar estos parámetros se hicieron pruebas al exterior con un calorímetro solar diseñado y desarrollado para este fin. En este trabajo se evaluaron cinco muestras de vidrio: una muestra de vidrio claro (referencia) y cuatro muestras con recubrimientos de ZnO:Cu y ZnO:Ag en distintas concentraciones y número de capas aplicadas, los cuales fueron desarrollados con el objetivo de reducir la ganancia de calor. Los resultados de la evaluación mostraron diferencias poco significativas entre la muestra de referencia y las muestras con recubrimientos. Por lo cual, se sugiere realizar modificaciones durante el desarrollo o la aplicación de los recubrimientos que permita mejorar las características de ganancia térmica. Due to the climatic situation of the last decades, the international standards that regulate construction materials are increasingly strict. Currently, glass is one of the most used building materials in the world, and there are standards to evaluate its thermal performance and thus know its efficiency to save energy. The Thermal Transmittance (U-value) and the Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) are the main thermal parameters used to verify if the performance of the material is satisfactory according to current standards and the glass market. To determine these parameters, outdoor tests were carried out with a solar calorimeter designed and developed for this purpose. In this work, five glass samples were evaluated: one clear glass sample (reference) and four samples with ZnO: Cu and ZnO: Ag coatings in different concentrations and number of applied layers, which were developed to reduce heat gain. The results of the evaluation showed not very significant differences between the reference sample and the samples with coatings. Therefore, it is suggested to carry out modifications during the development or application of the coatings to improve the thermal gain characteristics