Cultura del “control del miedo al delito” como estrategia de dominación del poder global

Lo que propongo con el título es que el control del miedo al delito en las sociedades contemporáneas ha dejado de ser una estrategia represiva del Estado, para convertirse en uno de los rasgos más característicos de la cultura en la modernidad tardía. Controlar el delito se ha vuelto un asunto cotidiano, que atañe cada vez más a más personas. El control del delito es hoy un aspecto esencial en las agendas políticas2; forma parte de las propuestas de campaña de los candidatos y es uno de los factores más importantes de las políticas públicas; resulta decisivo en las encuestas de opinión, en las intenciones de voto de los electores y en los índices de popularidad de los gobernantes. La gente quiere saber qué van a hacer los políticos con la criminalidad.Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

¿Justicia material o eficientismo punitivista? Las dos caras de la reforma al sistema penal colombiano

This paper analyses -from a critical and historical focus- the recent reform of the penal system in Colombia adopted by the Bill 906 of 2004. The reform was presented to the public opinion as a deep transformation of the Colombian penal system that will soon guarantee high rates of efficiency, law rates of impunity, and the diminishment of criminality. This article questions this thesis. In the first place, this paper makes a critical study of the theorical and philosophical basements presented to justify the reform. In the second place, it contrasts the main theorical and philosophical basements with what was really approved, underlying the lacks and inconsistencies of the penal reform. Finally, it shows the implications that the new penal system will present in the Colombian legal order. It particularly insists on the fact that the society will not find in this reform a truly material justice, but on the contrary it foresees that the society will be submitted to the loss of judicial guarantees and the rights adopted in the Colombian Constitution

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Estudios de derecho penal. Libro homenaje a Juan Fernández Carrasquilla

El Departamento de Derecho Penal de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Medellín, con ocasión del septuagésimo aniversario del nacimiento de uno de sus más egregios exponentes -el Profesor Dr. Juan Fernández Carrasquilla, quien impartió las cátedras de Filosofía del Derecho y Derecho penal en esta casa de estudios, la segunda por un lapso superior a 3 lustros- se propuso, en el año 2010, jalonar la elaboración de una obra colectiva destinada a la conmemoración de dicha efemérides y, en consecuencia, rendir tributo y merecido homenaje al autor en cuestión. Habida cuenta las calidades científicas y académicas del profesor Fernández C., de sobra conocidas en el medio, la propuesta rápidamente fue acogida no solo por el grupo de profesores que conforman el Departamento de Derecho Penal de la Universidad de Medellín, sino también por una pléyade de autores colombianos y de otras latitudes que de forma generosa e incondicional quisieron unirse al proyecto original, a quienes, obligado es decirlo, vaya desde ya nuestro sincero y eterno sentimiento de gratitud -de hecho, nos consta que no pocos otros autores nacionales y extranjeros hubieran querido participar; sin embargo, como suele ocurrir en este tipo de obras, ello no fue posible habida cuenta los tiempos establecidos por el editor-o Así las cosas, profesores de Alemania, Argentina, Brasil. Chile, Ecuador, España, Italia, Venezuela y, desde luego, otras universidades colombianas, respondieron a nuestra invitación de manera afirmativa y de forma completamente desinteresada se unieron a la propuesta inicial, colaborando incluso de forma proactiva al buen éxito de la misma

Search for narrow resonances in the <math display="inline"><mi>b</mi></math>-tagged dijet mass spectrum in proton-proton collisions at <math display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></math>

International audienceA search is performed for narrow resonances decaying to final states of two jets, with at least one jet originating from a b quark, in proton-proton collisions at s=13  TeV. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138  fb-1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. Jets originating from energetic b hadrons are identified through a b-tagging algorithm that utilizes a deep neural network or the presence of a muon inside a jet. The invariant mass spectrum of jet pairs is well described by a smooth parametrization and no evidence for the production of new particles is observed. Upper limits on the production cross section are set for excited b quarks and other resonances decaying to dijet final states containing b quarks. These limits exclude at 95% confidence level models of Z′ bosons with masses from 1.8 TeV to 2.4 TeV and of excited b quarks with masses from 1.8 TeV to 4.0 TeV. This is the most stringent exclusion of excited b quarks to date

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified

Strategies and performance of the CMS silicon tracker alignment during LHC Run 2

The strategies for and the performance of the CMS silicon tracking system alignment during the 2015–2018 data-taking period of the LHC are described. The alignment procedures during and after data taking are explained. Alignment scenarios are also derived for use in the simulation of the detector response. Systematic effects, related to intrinsic symmetries of the alignment task or to external constraints, are discussed and illustrated for different scenarios

Inclusive nonresonant multilepton probes of new phenomena at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

An inclusive search for nonresonant signatures of beyond the standard model (SM) phenomena in events with three or more charged leptons, including hadronically decaying $\tau$ leptons, is presented. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016-2018. Events are categorized based on the lepton and b-tagged jet multiplicities and various kinematic variables. Three scenarios of physics beyond the SM are probed, and signal-specific boosted decision trees are used for enhancing sensitivity. No significant deviations from the background expectations are observed. Lower limits are set at 95% confidence level on the mass of type-III seesaw heavy fermions in the range 845-1065 GeV for various decay branching fraction combinations to SM leptons. Doublet and singlet vector-like $\tau$ lepton extensions of the SM are excluded for masses below 1045 GeV and in the mass range 125-150 GeV, respectively. Scalar leptoquarks decaying exclusively to a top quark and a lepton are excluded below 1.12-1.42 TeV, depending on the lepton flavor. For the type-III seesaw as well as the vector-like doublet model, these constraints are the most stringent to date. For the vector-like singlet model, these are the first constraints from the LHC experiments. Detailed results are also presented to facilitate alternative theoretical interpretations