Proximity effect at superconducting Sn-Bi2Se3 interface

We have investigated the conductance spectra of Sn-Bi2Se3 interface junctions down to 250 mK and in different magnetic fields. A number of conductance anomalies were observed below the superconducting transition temperature of Sn, including a small gap different from that of Sn, and a zero-bias conductance peak growing up at lower temperatures. We discussed the possible origins of the smaller gap and the zero-bias conductance peak. These phenomena support that a proximity-effect-induced chiral superconducting phase is formed at the interface between the superconducting Sn and the strong spin-orbit coupling material Bi2Se3.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

Centrality Dependence of the High p_T Charged Hadron Suppression in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 130 GeV

PHENIX has measured the centrality dependence of charged hadron p_T spectra from central Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=130 GeV. The truncated mean p_T decreases with centrality for p_T > 2 GeV/c, indicating an apparent reduction of the contribution from hard scattering to high p_T hadron production. For central collisions the yield at high p_T is shown to be suppressed compared to binary nucleon-nucleon collision scaling of p+p data. This suppression is monotonically increasing with centrality, but most of the change occurs below 30% centrality, i.e. for collisions with less than about 140 participating nucleons. The observed p_T and centrality dependence is consistent with the particle production predicted by models including hard scattering and subsequent energy loss of the scattered partons in the dense matter created in the collisions.Comment: 7 pages text, LaTeX, 6 figures, 2 tables, 307 authors, resubmitted to Phys. Lett. B. Revised to address referee concerns. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/phenix/WWW/run/phenix/papers.htm

Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX collaboration

Extensive experimental data from high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions were recorded using the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The comprehensive set of measurements from the first three years of RHIC operation includes charged particle multiplicities, transverse energy, yield ratios and spectra of identified hadrons in a wide range of transverse momenta (p_T), elliptic flow, two-particle correlations, non-statistical fluctuations, and suppression of particle production at high p_T. The results are examined with an emphasis on implications for the formation of a new state of dense matter. We find that the state of matter created at RHIC cannot be described in terms of ordinary color neutral hadrons.Comment: 510 authors, 127 pages text, 56 figures, 1 tables, LaTeX. Submitted to Nuclear Physics A as a regular article; v3 has minor changes in response to referee comments. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

On The Behaviour Of The Total Cross Section At Superhigh Energies From Cosmic-ray Data

We have performed a reanalysis of the Akeno data on absorption cross section by using different scenarios for the average inelasticity wherein it can alternatively be an increasing or a decreasing function of energy. The proton-proton total cross section and the proton-air inelastic cross section were calculated up to LHC energy scale. © 1995.3431-4410414Amos, (1992) Phys. Rev. Lett., 68, p. 2433Giromini, Luminosity-independent measurement of pp elastic scattering, single diffraction, dissociation and total cross section at s=546 and 1800 GeV (1993) Proc. Vth Blois Workshop on Elastic and Diffractive Scattering, p. 30. , H.M. Fried, K. Kang, C.-I. Tan, Providence, June 1993, World Scientific, ProvidenceHonda, (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, p. 525Nikolaev, (1993) Phys. Rev. D, 48, p. R1904Augier, Predictions on the total cross section and real part at LHC and SSC (1993) Physics Letters B, 315, p. 503He, (1993) J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 19, p. 1953Wilk, Wlodarczyk, A coupled analysis of the energy dependence of inelasticity and cross section in high energy reactions (1991) Proc. XXIIth Intern. Cosmic-Ray Conf., 4, p. 165. , D. O' Sullivan, Reprint Ltd, Dublin, Dublin, August 1991Bellandi, (1992) J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 18, p. 579Liland, Inclusive hadron production with nuclei targets (1987) Proc. XXth Intern. Cosmic-Ray Conf., 5, p. 178. , IUPAP, NAUKA, Moscow, Moscow, August 1987Basile, (1983) N. Cim. A, 73, p. 329Bellandi, (1992) Phys. Lett. B, 279, p. 149Bellandi, (1994) Phys. Rev. D, 50, p. 297Durães, Minijets and the behavior of inelasticity at high energies (1993) Physical Review D, 47, p. 3049Fowler, (1989) Phys. Rev. C, 40, p. 1219Azaryan, (1975) Sov. J. Nucl. Phys., 20, p. 213Slavatinskii, (1964) Sov. Phys. JETP, 19, p. 1452Glauber, (1959) Lectures in Theoretical Physics, 1, p. 135. , W. Britten, L.G. Dunham, Interscience, N.YGlauber, Matthiae, (1970) Nucl. Phys. B, 21, p. 135Durand, Pi, (1988) Phys. Rev. D, 38, p. 78Asakimori, Cosmic-Ray composition and spectra (1993) Proc. XXIIIth Intern. Cosmic-Ray Conf., 2, p. 21. , IUPAP, Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, Calgary, July 199