90 research outputs found
Regulation of ATF3 expression in cardiomyocytes
The stress responses of cardiomyocytes are likely to constitute a significant aspect of the development of cardiac pathologies. Oxidative stress is a common theme in the pathophysiology of ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. On the other hand, hypertrophic agonists (e.g. endothelin-1, ET-1) are important mediators of the hypertrophic response to hemodynamic overloading, and cardiac pathologies such as heart failure are usually preceded by cardiac hypertrophy. Microarray studies indicate that one of the genes most potently induced by H2O2 (as an oxidative stress) or ET-1 in cardiac myocytes is the transcription factor ATF3. This thesis examines the regulation and role of ATF3 in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes.
The increase in expression of ATF3 mRNA was confirmed in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes exposed to H2O2 or ET-1 using RT-PCR and Q-PCR. Using immunoblotting, it was confirmed that H2O2 or ET-1 increased ATF3 protein expression. ATF3 is an immediate early gene since the upregulation of ATF3 mRNA by ET-1 was not inhibited by cycloheximide (20 μM). Upregulation of ATF3 was inhibited by U0126 (10 μM), suggesting that signalling through ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2) was required. Other studies suggest that ATF3 downregulates interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human cells. The rat IL-6 promoter possesses an ATF consensus sequence, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis indicated that ET-1 or H2O2 increased the association of ATF3 with the IL-6 promoter. IL-6 mRNA and protein expression was transiently upregulated in cardiomyocytes exposed to H2O2 or ET-1, and this was shown to be an immediate early gene response. Following IL-6 mRNA upregulation, its expression was more rapidly downregulated than that of ATF3. The peak of ATF3 protein expression coincided with the return of IL-6 mRNA to basal levels after stimulation with either ET-1 or H2O2. This suggests that ATF3 operates in a negative feedback loop to downregulate IL-6 mRNA expression in cardiomyocytes. This was confirmed by adenoviral-mediated overexpression of full-length ATF3 antisense RNA, which attenuated ATF3 mRNA and protein expression following stimulation with ET-1. Inhibition of ATF3 expression was associated with superinduction of IL-6 mRNA as shown by Q-PCR. Other potential downstream targets of ATF3 were identified from microarray studies using bioinformatics. Those with ATF/CRE consensus sequences in their promoters included epiregulin and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) (also shown to be immediate early genes). Epiregulin and LIF mRNA expression was superinduced by ATF3 antisense RNA. Taken together, these experiments indicate that ATF3 operates in a negative feedback loop by downregulating a cluster of immediate early genes induced by ET-1. Thus, ATF3 may play an important role in the establishment and fine-tuning of an organised and compensatory hypertrophic response in the cardiomyocyte secondary to hypertrophic stimulation
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Glycogen synthase kinases 3α and 3β in cardiac myocytes: regulation and consequences of their inhibition
Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) as a consequence of its phosphorylation by protein kinase B/Akt (PKB/Akt) has been implicated in cardiac myocyte hypertrophy in response to endothelin-1 or phenylephrine. We examined the regulation of GSK3α (which we show to constitute a significant proportion of the myocyte GSK3 pool) and GSK3β in cardiac myocytes. Although endothelin increases phosphorylation of GSK3 and decreases its activity, the response is less than that induced by insulin (which does not promote cardiac myocyte hypertrophy). GSK3 phosphorylation induced by endothelin requires signalling through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) cascade and not the PKB/Akt pathway, whereas the reverse is true for insulin. Cardiac myocyte hypertrophy involves changes in morphology, and in gene and protein expression. The potent GSK3 inhibitor 1-azakenpaullone increases myocyte area as a consequence of increased cell length whereas phenylephrine increases both length and width. Azakenpaullone or insulin promotes AP1 transcription factor binding to an AP1 consensus oligonucleotide, but this was significantly less than that induced by endothelin and derived principally from increased binding of JunB protein, the expression of which was increased. Azakenpaullone promotes significant changes in gene expression (assessed by Affymetrix microarrays), but the overall response is less than with endothelin and there is little overlap between the genes identified. Thus, although GSK3 may contribute to cardiac myocyte hypertrophy in some respects (and presumably plays an important role in myocyte metabolism), it does not appear to contribute as significantly to the response induced by endothelin as has been maintained
Diseño de la estructura organizacional del bosque modelo Risaralda.
El Bosque Modelo Risaralda es una entidad que busca el fortalecimiento de la region mediante buenas practicas, pero para ello, debe tener una estructura bien conformada. La tesis comprende el diseño de la estructura organizacional del Bosque Modelo Risaralda, con la finalidad de que su grupo gestor cumpla con los objetivos, misión y visión de la entidad..
Terapia de presión negativa como tratamiento alternativo en el manejo de una úlcera vascular arterial de miembros inferiores
Objective: To report a case about the use of the Negative-pressure wound therapy as an alternative treatment for arterial vascular ulcers presented in the lower limbs.
Methods: The patient’s records were reviewed based on her medical history in a tertiary referral care center in Popayan, Colombia. Subsequently, a systematic literature review was conducted through the Pubmed database, ScienceDirect, and Scielo.
Results: The use of Negative-pressure wound therapy favored the lesion healing process.
Conclusions: Nowadays, this system is considered as an essential treatment for complex wounds, which represent a major therapeutic challenge.Objetivo: Reportar un caso sobre el uso de la terapia de presión negativa como tratamiento alternativo en el manejo de una úlcera vascular arterial de miembros inferiores.
Métodos: Por medio de la historia clínica, se revisó los registros previos de una paciente en un centro de atención médica de tercer nivel en Popayán, Colombia. Posteriormente, se realizó una revisión sistemática bibliográfica a través de las bases de datos de Pubmed, ScienceDirect y Scielo.
Resultados: La terapia de presión negativa favoreció el proceso de cicatrización, permitiendo el cierre de la herida.
Conclusiones: Actualmente, este sistema se considera un apoyo fundamental en el tratamiento de las heridas complejas, las cuales suponen un reto terapéutico importante
Síndrome Guillain-Barré: Un mirada actual
Guillain-Barré Syndrome is the most common cause of acute, non-traumatic flaccid paralysis in the world. It is a neurological emergency, causing a rapidly progressive polyneuropathy of sudden onset, generally with lower limb and lumbar pain, muscle weakness and paresthesias, progressing into an ascending symmetric paralysis with areflexia. Life-threatening consequences can occur if the respiratory muscles, cranial nerves or components of the autonomic system are compromised. Clinical presentation encompasses seven different subtypes associated with the immune agents involved in its pathophysiology. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, with electrophysiological findings comfirming a demyelinating pattern, F wave, and H reflex abnormalities. Cerebrospinal Fluid characteristic findings include albumino-cytological dissociation: an elevated protein level without an increase in cell count.El Síndrome de Guillain-Barré es la causa más frecuente de parálisis flácida aguda no traumática en el mundo y constituye una emergencia neurológica. Consiste en una poliradiculoneuropatia inflamatoria adquirida, usualmente post-infecciosa que se caracteriza por una parálisis aguda arreflexica, generalmente simétrica de carácter ascendente con compromiso sensitivo, motor o mixto. El diagnóstico es clínico, se apoya en el estudio electrofisiológico confirmando el patrón desmielinizante, las anormalidades en la inda F y reflejo H junto con la característica disociación albumino citológica en el líquido cefalorraquídeo
Arterial lactate levels and their prognostic value in patients undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy
Objective. Evaluate the change of lactate levels and its prognostic role in the postoperative period of patients undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. Methods. Retrospective study between 2001 and 2019. Patients older than 18 years and who underwent pulmonary thromboendarterectomy were included. The U Mann Whitney test was performed to evaluate the change between lactate levels, and Cox regression analysis to evaluate the relationship with mortality. Areas under the curve were constructed for lactate levels. Results. Seventy-three patients were operated on during the study period. Median age was 51 years, 55% female. The median lactate on days 1 was 4.65 mml/L and on day 2 it was 1.62 mml/L with a change of 2.87 mml/L. No differences were found between the levels measured on day 1 and 2 between the people who died and those who did not on day 30. In the multivariate regression of COX, no relationship with mortality was found. The area under the curve shows regular performance on both day 1 and day 2 in predicting mortality outcomes. Conclusions. The behavior of the lactate in patients undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy shows a rapid change during the first hours after the procedure. No role was found as a predictor of mortality neither in-hospital nor in follow-up.Objetivo. Evaluar el cambio de los niveles de lactato y su rol pronóstico en el posoperatorio de pacientes sometidos a tromboendarterectomía pulmonar. Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo entre 2001 y 2019. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años que fueron sometidos a tromboendarterectomía pulmonar. Para evaluar el cambio entre los niveles de lactato se realizó la prueba de U Mann Whitney. Para evaluar la relación con la mortalidad se realizó un análisis multivariado de Cox. Se construyeron áreas bajo la curva para los niveles de lactato. Resultados. Setenta y tres pacientes fueron operados durante el período de estudio. La mediana de edad fue de 51 años, 55% mujeres. La mediana de lactato en el día 1 fue de 4,65 mmL/L y en el día 2 fue de 1,62 mmL/L con un cambio de 2,87 mmL/L. No se encontraron diferencias entre los niveles medidos el día 1 y 2 entre las personas que murieron y las que no al día 30 hospitalario. En la regresión multivariada de COX no se encontró relación con la mortalidad. El área bajo la curva muestra un desempeño regular tanto en el día 1 como en el día 2 para predecir el resultado de la mortalidad en especial intrahospitalaria. Conclusiones. El comportamiento del lactato en pacientes sometidos a tromboendarterectomía pulmonar muestra un cambio rápido durante las primeras horas posteriores al procedimiento. No se encontró ningún papel como predictor de mortalidad ni hospitalaria ni durante el seguimiento.
 
Una mirada prospectiva de la industria Risaraldense camino a la industria 4.0 : plan tecnológico 2020–2030 Centro de Diseño e Innovación Tecnológico Industrial
Se presenta el plan tecnológico del Centro de Diseño e Innovación Tecnológico Industrial del SENA para la vigencia 2002 - 2030. Comprende el análisis y diagnóstico de la industria risaraldense, sus necesidades y tendencias, con enfoque a la industria 4.0. Se provee información para: identificar tecnologías y ocupaciones emergentes que permitan anticipar la definición de perfiles de instructores, determinar requerimientos de modernización de infraestructura física y tecnológica del Centro de formación, actualizar, crear o eliminar programas de formación, establecer el tipo de formación, servicios tecnológicos e innovación que el centro de formación ofrecerá en un horizonte de 10 años e identificar los proyectos y actores estratégicos para el centro de formación.The technological plan of the SENA Industrial Technological Design and Innovation Center for the period 2002-2030 is presented. It includes the analysis and diagnosis of the Risaralda industry, its needs and trends, with a focus on industry 4.0. Information is provided to: identify emerging technologies and occupations that allow anticipating the definition of instructor profiles, determine modernization requirements of the physical and technological infrastructure of the Training Center, update, create or eliminate training programs, establish the type of training, services technology and innovation that the training center will offer over a 10-year horizon and identify projects and strategic actors for the training center.Fase I: análisis y diagnóstico estratégico -- Análisis externo del centro de formación -- Análisis interno del centro de formación -- Seguimiento al plan tecnológico inmediatamente anterior -- Cruce DOFA -- Vigilancia científico -tecnológica y competitiva especialidad energía eléctrica -- Vigilancia científico -tecnológica y competitiva especialidad electrónica y automatización -- Vigilancia científico -tecnológica y competitiva especialidad Mecánica Industrial -- Vigilancia científico -tecnológica y competitiva especialidad Informática, diseño y desarrollo de software -- Vigilancia científico -tecnológica y competitiva especialidad materiales para la industria -- Vigilancia científico -tecnológica y competitiva especialidad Automotor -- Vigilancia científico -tecnológica y competitiva especialidad Textil, confección y diseño -- Vigilancia científico -tecnológica y competitiva especialidad construcción e infraestructura -- Vigilancia científico -tecnológica y competitiva servicios tecnológicos -- Fase II: formulación estratégica -- Mapa de trayectoria tecnológica -- Validación con expertos -- Construcción de escenarios -- Formulación estratégica -- Métodos prospectivos utilizados -- Formulación estratégica -- Fase III: recomendaciones estratégicas -- Recomendaciones estratégicas especialidad energía eléctrica -- Recomendaciones estratégicas especialidad electrónica y automatización -- Recomendaciones estratégicas especialidad mecánica industrial -- Recomendaciones estratégicas especialidad Informática, diseño y desarrollo de software -- Recomendaciones estratégicas especialidad materiales para la industria -- Recomendaciones estratégicas especialidad Automotor -- Recomendaciones estratégicas especialidad Textil, confección y diseño -- Recomendaciones estratégicas especialidad construcción e infraestructura -- Recomendaciones estratégicas Sennova -- Servicios tecnológicos -- Introducción e información general -- Planteamiento de la necesidad u oportunidad -- Objetivos -- Desarrollo de la vigilancia científico-tecnológica -- Resultados de vigilancia tecnológica con base en análisis de patentes -- Identificación de tecnologías y sublíneas tecnológicas -- Comportamiento de los aceros -- Vigilancia normativa y regulatoria -- Vigilancia tecnológica -- Vigilancia competitiva -- Vigilancia comercial -- Resultados -- Conclusiones y recomendacionesna556 página
Estudios de la tuberculosis desde la Sucursal del Cielo
PublishedEste libro está dirigido a la comunidad académica, científica y en general a aquellas personas interesadas en ampliar sus conocimientos sobre la tuberculosis. Iniciamos con una revisión general de la evolución de las metodologías diagnósticas. Posteriormente, destacamos diferentes trabajos de investigación realizados en Cali y el Valle del Cauca en torno a la tuberculosis, resaltando herramientas empleadas para la vigilancia epidemiológica de la enfermedad, así como el estudio de la tuberculosis en población vulnerable (tuberculosis infantil y la incidencia de esta enfermedad en trabajadores de la salud en los últimos años en Cali). Este libro resalta la necesidad de entender el enfoque humano que rodea esta enfermedad, en esa dirección los dos últimos capítulos los enfocamos en las creencias sobre la tuberculosis y la interacción del paciente con las entidades prestadoras de servicios de salud. Esperamos que nuestro libro genere importantes aportes a aquellos que se involucran en el estudio de esta enfermedad que ha acompañado al hombre probablemente desde su presencia en el planeta y sea, además, el insumo de futuros investigadores en las diversas áreas del conocimiento que confluyen en el entendimiento de esta enfermedad infecciosa
Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species
Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict thatmost of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century
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