77 research outputs found
Le monde naturel, entre corps et cultures
Ă partir dâun projet de recherche sur la gestualitĂ© (presque abandonnĂ© ensuite par la sĂ©miotique structurale), Greimas avait Ă©laborĂ© dans Du sens la notion de « monde naturel », en parallĂšle Ă celle de « langue naturelle ». La relation entre mots et choses nâest pas rĂ©fĂ©rentielle (de reprĂ©sentation) mais intersĂ©miotique (de traduction). Cette idĂ©e pose les bases thĂ©oriques dâune sĂ©miotique oĂč le sens est vu comme possibilitĂ© virtuelle de transcodage et la signification comme rĂ©alisation concrĂšte de ce mĂȘme transcodage. Relire les pages greimassiennes dĂ©diĂ©es Ă ces questions permet aussi dâinterroger certaines hypothĂšses actuelles de naturalisation du sens et du corps.Within the context of a research program concerning gesture (almost abandoned by structural semiotics in the following years), in Du sens Greimas has elaborated the concept of ânatural worldâ, in parallel to the linguistic concept of â natural language â. The relationship between words and things is not one referential (representation of the world by the language), but, rather, inter-semiotic (translation of world into language, and vice versa). Such idea lays down the theoretic basis of a semiotic according to which sense is intended as virtual possibility of transcodification, and signification as concrete realization of such transcodification. Reading Greimasâ pages dedicated to such matters raises certain doubts in respect of all the hypothesis of naturalization of sense and body
Fragmentos de um discurso polĂtico. IntervençÔes crĂticas
O presente ensaio defende a pertinĂȘncia do olhar semiĂłtico sobre a polĂtica, assim como o carĂĄter polĂtico da pesquisa em semiĂłtica. Por meio de desenvolvimentos acerca da organização discursiva na polĂtica contemporĂąnea, e da ideia de discurso polĂtico, o autor elabora anĂĄlises e reflexĂ”es acerca de temas e paixĂ”es com os quais ele identifica um caminho especĂfico da semiĂłtica para responder aos questionamentos promovidos pelo campo da polĂtica. Para isso, realiza intervençÔes crĂticas, enquanto postura semiĂłtica fundadora. O trabalho visa tambĂ©m a desconstruir mitos e significaçÔes naturalizadas. Tais gestos semiĂłticos sĂŁo consequĂȘncia da orientação geral que permite Ă produção dos discursos: uma postura polĂtica e, consequentemente, Ă©tica que orienta os processos semiĂłticos de construção e de interpretação dos dispositivos discursivos
Culture and politics of laziness, from fairy tales to Oblomov and Bartleby
La thĂšse de cet article est que la paresse nâest pas une propriĂ©tĂ© psychologique dâun sujet individuel mais un sentiment collectif : câest une rĂ©action, voire une rĂ©bellion, contre ceux qui nous enferment dans une culture qui voit lâactivitĂ© comme une valeur suprĂȘme, souvent comme une fin en soi. La paresse est la rĂ©ponse Ă ceux qui nous forcent Ă faire et Ă exagĂ©rer, Ă nous donner Ă nos occupations avec zĂšle et constance, dĂ©vouement total et persĂ©vĂ©rance aveugle. Donc, il nâest pas vrai quâune personne paresseuse ne fait rien, ou plutĂŽt quâelle fait tout ce quâelle peut pour ne rien faire. Le paresseux travaille frĂ©nĂ©tiquement afin de crĂ©er les conditions parfaites qui lui permettent dâactiver son inertie. Cet article essaie de dĂ©montrer cette thĂšse en analysant certains textes exemplaires tels que Oblomov de Gontcharov, et en la reliant, en amont, aux contes de fĂ©es russes traditionnels et, en aval, au cĂ©lĂšbre conte de Melville Bartleby.The thesis of this paper is that laziness is not a psychological property of an individual subject but a collective sentiment: it is a reaction, or perhaps even a rebellion, against those who lock us within a culture that sees activity as a supreme value, often as an end in itself. Laziness is the response to those who force us to do and overdo, to give ourselves over to our occupations with zeal and constancy, total dedication and blind perseverance. So, it is not true that a lazy person does nothing, rather they do everything they can in order to not do anything. They work frantically in order to create the perfect conditions that allow them to activate their inertia. This paper tries to prove this thesis by analyzing some exemplary texts such as Goncharov's Oblomov, and linking it, upstream, with traditional Russian fairy tales and, downstream, with Melville Bartleby's famous tale.The thesis of this paper is that laziness is not a psychological property of an individual subject but a collective sentiment: it is a reaction, or perhaps even a rebellion, against those who lock us within a culture that sees activity as a supreme value, often as an end in itself. Laziness is the response to those who force us to do and overdo, to give ourselves over to our occupations with zeal and constancy, total dedication and blind perseverance. So, it is not true that a lazy person does nothing, rather they do everything they can in order to not do anything. They work frantically in order to create the perfect conditions that allow them to activate their inertia. This paper tries to prove this thesis by analyzing some exemplary texts such as Goncharov's Oblomov, and linking it, upstream, with traditional Russian fairy tales and, downstream, with Melville Bartleby's famous tale
Lâunivers du tĂ©lĂ©phone portable. Microrites, paraboles et rĂ©cits
Le tĂ©lĂ©phone portable nâest pas seulement une exceptionnelle rĂ©ussite commerciale. Sa diffusion transforme peu Ă peu la façon mĂȘme de communiquer, et par suite les modes de relation sociale. Ă cet Ă©gard, le plus intĂ©ressant du point de vue sĂ©miotique est dâobserver comment cet objet technologique suscite lâĂ©mergence de formes dâhybridation inĂ©dites entre sujets et objets â corps et machines â toujours plus Ă©troitement imbriquĂ©s les uns aux autres. DâoĂč lâimpossibilitĂ© de sâen tenir Ă la distinction entre une intersubjectivitĂ© exclusivement humaine et une interobjectivitĂ© purement technologique. La dimension anthropomorphe et la dimension objectale forment dĂ©sormais une seule (et trĂšs complexe) rĂ©alitĂ© sociale, et aucune forme dâintersubjectivitĂ© nâest plus pensable indĂ©pendamment dâune interobjectivitĂ©.The popularity of the cellular phone is not merely a commercial phenomenon. It has transformed ours ways of communicating and, as a consequence, our social relations. More importantly, from a semiotic point of view, this technological object has contributed to the creation of new body, a hybrid, where body and machine meet, where human subjects and non-human objects coalesce. Thus, it becomes impossible to distinguish between an entirely human intersubjectivity and an exclusively technological inter-objectivity. Both the anthropomorphic and the â objectal â dimensions merge in one complex social reality, and inter-subjectivity cannot be conceived anymore without a concurrent interobjectivity
Retoriche di brand: narrazioni e valori
The brand is an ambiguous object. Born as a tool of hard and pure marketing, therefore as the keystone of hyper-organization of individual and collective consumption, it gradually ended up to disengage from its economic-business bases to become a promoter and spokesman of small mythic narratives and social micro-values, thus restoring those forms of identity vanished with the infamous disappearance of the great narratives. Therefore, while the current iconoclasts blame logos - destroying them physically -, brands tend gradually to disappear, allowing their absence. This results in a double movement of action and passion whose rhetoric enliven our personal and social existences.Il brand Ăš un oggetto ambiguo. Nato come strumento del marketing duro e puro, dunque chiave di volta dell'iperorganizzazione dei consumi individuali e collettivi, ha finito progressivamente per sganciarsi dalle sue basi economico-aziendali per farsi promotore e portavoce di piccole narrazioni mitiche e microvalori sociali, andando a ricostituire quelle forme identitarie venute meno con la famigerata scomparsa delle grandi narrazioni. Cosi, mentre gli attuali iconoclasti se la prendono con i logo, fisicamente distruggendoli, le griffe tendono progressivamente a scomparire, lasciando posto alla loro assenza. Ne deriva un doppio movimento di azione e di passione le cui retoriche allietano le nostre esistenze personali e sociali
Lugares comunes sobre Barthes
La obra multifacĂ©tica de Roland Barthes ha ejercido una considerable influencia en la semiĂłtica contemporĂĄnea. El artĂculo señala los principales conceptos que se han prestado a discusiĂłn en la vasta producciĂłn del semiĂłlogo francĂ©s, como "escritura", "crĂtica", "sentido comĂșn". RefiriĂ©ndose particularmente a los primeros libros como Mythologies, Le degrĂ© zero de l'Ă©criture o Le plaisir du texte, esta con tribuciĂłn analiza la forma en que estos libros y conceptos fueron recepcionados por sus contemporĂĄneos y la actualidad del pensamiento barthesiano.The paper presents the facinating and multifacetic works of french semioticians Roland Barthes and his influence in contemporary semiotics. Main subjects as "writing" (Ă©criture), "critics" and "common sense " are analize with particular enphasis in his books Mythologies, Le dĂ©grĂ© zero de l'Ă©criture and Le plaisir du texte. The contribution show the actuallity of Barthe's theory of literature and semiotics
Herschel-ATLAS and ALMA: HATLASâJ142935.3-002836, a lensed major merger at redshift 1.027
Context. The submillimetre-bright galaxy population is believed to comprise, aside from local galaxies and radio-loud sources, intrinsically active star-forming galaxies, the brightest of which are lensed gravitationally. The latter enable studies at a level of detail beyond what is usually possible by the observation facility.
Aims. This work focuses on one of these lensed systems, HATLASâJ142935.3â002836 (H1429â0028), selected in the Herschel-ATLAS field. Gathering a rich, multi-wavelength dataset, we aim to confirm the lensing hypothesis and model the background sourceâs morphology and dynamics, as well as to provide a full physical characterisation.
Methods. Multi-wavelength high-resolution data is utilised to assess the nature of the system. A lensing-analysis algorithm that simultaneously fits different wavebands is adopted to characterise the lens. The background galaxy dynamical information is studied by reconstructing the 3D source plane of the ALMA COâ(J:4âââ3) transition. Near-IR imaging from HST and Keck-AO allows to constrain rest-frame optical photometry independently for the foreground and background systems. Physical parameters (such as stellar and dust masses) are estimated via modelling of the spectral energy distribution taking source blending, foreground obscuration, and differential magnification into account.
Results. The system comprises a foreground edge-on disk galaxy (at zsp = 0.218) with an almost complete Einstein ring around it. The background source (at zsp = 1.027) is magnified by a factor of ÎŒ ~ 8â10 depending on wavelength. It is comprised of two components and a tens-of-kpc-long tidal tail resembling the AntennĂŠ merger. As a whole, the background source is a massive stellar system (1.32-0.41+ 0.63 Ă 1011 Mâ) forming stars at a rate of 394 ± 90â Mâ yr-1, and it has a significant gas reservoir MISM = 4.6 ± 1.7 Ă 1010 Mâ. Its depletion time due to star formation alone is thus expected to be ÏSF = MISM/ SFR = 117 ± 51 Myr. The dynamical mass of one of the components is estimated to be 5.8 ± 1.7 Ă 1010 Mâ, and, together with the photometric total mass estimate, it implies that H1429â0028 is a major merger system (1:2.8-1.5+1.8)
The relationship between maximal left ventricular wall thickness and sudden cardiac death in childhood onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Background:
Maximal left ventricular wall thickness (MLVWT) is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In adults, the severity of left ventricular hypertrophy has a nonlinear relationship with SCD, but it is not known whether the same complex relationship is seen in childhood. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy and SCD risk in a large international pediatric HCM cohort.
Methods:
The study cohort comprised 1075 children (mean age, 10.2 years [±4.4]) diagnosed with HCM (1â16 years) from the International Paediatric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Consortium. Anonymized, noninvasive clinical data were collected from baseline evaluation and follow-up, and 5-year estimated SCD risk was calculated (HCM Risk-Kids).
Results:
MLVWT Z score was <10 in 598 (58.1%), â„10 to <20 in 334 (31.1%), and â„20 in 143 (13.3%). Higher MLVWT Z scores were associated with heart failure symptoms, unexplained syncope, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, left atrial dilatation, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. One hundred twenty-two patients (71.3%) with MLVWT Z score â„20 had coexisting risk factors for SCD. Over a median follow-up of 4.9 years (interquartile range, 2.3â9.3), 115 (10.7%) had an SCD event. Freedom from SCD event at 5 years for those with MLVWT Z scores <10, â„10 to <20, and â„20 was 95.6%, 87.4%, and 86.0, respectively. The estimated SCD risk at 5 years had a nonlinear, inverted U-shaped relationship with MLVWT Z score, peaking at Z score +23. The presence of coexisting risk factors had a summative effect on risk.
Conclusions:
In children with HCM, an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between left ventricular hypertrophy and estimated SCD risk. The presence of additional risk factors has a summative effect on risk. While MLVWT is important for risk stratification, it should not be used either as a binary variable or in isolation to guide implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation decisions in children with HCM
Clinical Features and Natural History of Preadolescent Nonsyndromic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
BACKGROUND Up to one-half of childhood sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) presents before the age of 12 years, but this patient group has not been systematically characterized. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and natural history of patients presenting with nonsyndromic HCM before the age of 12 years. METHODS Data from the International Paediatric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Consortium on 639 children diagnosed with HCM younger than 12 years were collected and compared with those from 568 children diagnosed between 12 and 16 years. RESULTS At baseline, 339 patients (53.6%) had family histories of HCM, 132 (20.9%) had heart failure symptoms, and 250 (39.2%) were prescribed cardiac medications. The median maximal left ventricular wall thickness z-score was 8.7 (IQR: 5.3-14.4), and 145 patients (27.2%) had left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Over a median follow-up period of 5.6 years (IQR: 2.3-10.0 years), 42 patients (6.6%) died, 21 (3.3%) underwent cardiac transplantation, and 69 (10.8%) had life-threatening arrhythmic events. Compared with those presenting after 12 years, a higher proportion of younger patients underwent myectomy (10.5% vs 7.2%; P = 0.045), but fewer received primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (18.9% vs 30.1%; P = 0.041). The incidence of mortality or life-threatening arrhythmic events did not differ, but events occurred at a younger age. CONCLUSIONS Early-onset childhood HCM is associated with a comparable symptom burden and cardiac phenotype as in patients presenting later in childhood. Long-term outcomes including mortality did not differ by age of presentation, but patients presenting at younger than 12 years experienced adverse events at younger ages. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation.Peer reviewe
Relationship Between Maximal Left Ventricular Wall Thickness and Sudden Cardiac Death in Childhood Onset Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Background: Maximal left ventricular wall thickness (MLVWT) is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In adults, the severity of left ventricular hypertrophy has a nonlinear relationship with SCD, but it is not known whether the same complex relationship is seen in childhood. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy and SCD risk in a large international pediatric HCM cohort. Methods: The study cohort comprised 1075 children (mean age, 10.2 years [+/- 4.4]) diagnosed with HCM (1-16 years) from the International Paediatric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Consortium. Anonymized, noninvasive clinical data were collected from baseline evaluation and follow-up, and 5-year estimated SCD risk was calculated (HCM Risk-Kids). Results: MLVWT Z score was = 10 to = 20 in 143 (13.3%). Higher MLVWT Z scores were associated with heart failure symptoms, unexplained syncope, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, left atrial dilatation, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. One hundred twenty-two patients (71.3%) with MLVWT Z score >= 20 had coexisting risk factors for SCD. Over a median follow-up of 4.9 years (interquartile range, 2.3-9.3), 115 (10.7%) had an SCD event. Freedom from SCD event at 5 years for those with MLVWT Z scores = 10 to = 20 was 95.6%, 87.4%, and 86.0, respectively. The estimated SCD risk at 5 years had a nonlinear, inverted U-shaped relationship with MLVWT Z score, peaking at Z score +23. The presence of coexisting risk factors had a summative effect on risk. Conclusions: In children with HCM, an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between left ventricular hypertrophy and estimated SCD risk. The presence of additional risk factors has a summative effect on risk. While MLVWT is important for risk stratification, it should not be used either as a binary variable or in isolation to guide implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation decisions in children with HCM.Peer reviewe
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