34 research outputs found
Grand Design and Flocculent Spirals in the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G)
Spiral arm properties of 46 galaxies in the Spitzer Survey of Stellar
Structure in Galaxies (S4G) were measured at 3.6mu, where extinction is small
and the old stars dominate. The sample includes flocculent, multiple arm, and
grand design types with a wide range of Hubble and bar types. We find that most
optically flocculent galaxies are also flocculent in the mid-IR because of star
formation uncorrelated with stellar density waves, whereas multiple arm and
grand design galaxies have underlying stellar waves. Arm-interarm contrasts
increase from flocculent to multiple arm to grand design galaxies and with
later Hubble types. Structure can be traced further out in the disk than in
previous surveys. Some spirals peak at mid-radius while others continuously
rise or fall, depending on Hubble and bar type. We find evidence for regular
and symmetric modulations of the arm strength in NGC 4321. Bars tend to be
long, high amplitude, and flat-profiled in early type spirals, with arm
contrasts that decrease with radius beyond the end of the bar, and they tend to
be short, low amplitude, and exponential-profiled in late Hubble types, with
arm contrasts that are constant or increase with radius. Longer bars tend to
have larger amplitudes and stronger arms.Comment: 31 pages, 14 figures, ApJ in pres
The Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S^4G)
The Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies S^4G is an Exploration
Science Legacy Program approved for the Spitzer post-cryogenic mission. It is a
volume-, magnitude-, and size-limited (d < 40 Mpc, |b| > 30 degrees, m_(Bcorr)
< 15.5, D25>1') survey of 2,331 galaxies using IRAC at 3.6 and 4.5 microns.
Each galaxy is observed for 240 s and mapped to > 1.5 x D25. The final
mosaicked images have a typical 1 sigma rms noise level of 0.0072 and 0.0093
MJy / sr at 3.6 and 4.5 microns, respectively. Our azimuthally-averaged surface
brightness profile typically traces isophotes at mu_3.6 (AB) (1 sigma) ~ 27 mag
arcsec^-2, equivalent to a stellar mass surface density of ~ 1 Msun pc^-2. S^4G
thus provides an unprecedented data set for the study of the distribution of
mass and stellar structures in the local Universe. This paper introduces the
survey, the data analysis pipeline and measurements for a first set of
galaxies, observed in both the cryogenic and warm mission phase of Spitzer. For
every galaxy we tabulate the galaxy diameter, position angle, axial ratio,
inclination at mu_3.6 (AB) = 25.5 and 26.5 mag arcsec^-2 (equivalent to ~ mu_B
(AB) =27.2 and 28.2 mag arcsec^-2, respectively). These measurements will form
the initial S^4G catalog of galaxy properties. We also measure the total
magnitude and the azimuthally-averaged radial profiles of ellipticity, position
angle, surface brightness and color. Finally, we deconstruct each galaxy using
GALFIT into its main constituent stellar components: the bulge/spheroid, disk,
bar, and nuclear point source, where necessary. Together these data products
will provide a comprehensive and definitive catalog of stellar structures, mass
and properties of galaxies in the nearby Universe.Comment: Accepted for Publication in PASP, 14 pages, 13 figure
The 2MASS Redshift Survey - Description and Data Release
We present the results of the 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS), a ten-year
project to map the full three-dimensional distribution of galaxies in the
nearby Universe. The 2 Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) was completed in 2003 and
its final data products, including an extended source catalog (XSC), are
available on-line. The 2MASS XSC contains nearly a million galaxies with Ks <=
13.5 mag and is essentially complete and mostly unaffected by interstellar
extinction and stellar confusion down to a galactic latitude of |b|=5 deg for
bright galaxies. Near-infrared wavelengths are sensitive to the old stellar
populations that dominate galaxy masses, making 2MASS an excellent starting
point to study the distribution of matter in the nearby Universe.
We selected a sample of 44,599 2MASS galaxies with Ks =5
deg (>= 8 deg towards the Galactic bulge) as the input catalog for our survey.
We obtained spectroscopic observations for 11,000 galaxies and used
previously-obtained velocities for the remainder of the sample to generate a
redshift catalog that is 97.6% complete to well-defined limits and covers 91%
of the sky. This provides an unprecedented census of galaxy (baryonic mass)
concentrations within 300 Mpc.
Earlier versions of our survey have been used in a number of publications
that have studied the bulk motion of the Local Group, mapped the density and
peculiar velocity fields out to 50 Mpc, detected galaxy groups, and estimated
the values of several cosmological parameters.
Additionally, we present morphological types for a nearly-complete sub-sample
of 20,860 galaxies with Ks = 10 deg.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement
Series. The 2MRS catalogs and a version of the paper with higher-resolution
figures can be found at http://tdc-www.harvard.edu/2mrs
Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
TRADE NAME, FIRM, DENOMINATION SOCIALE AND RAISON SOCIALE. ARE THEY ALL THE SAME?
The present study intends to point out the different designations used to indicate business identifiers and verify whether they facilitate the minimization of the two types of transaction costs usually mitigated by such identifiers. Even when the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property was being drafted in the 19th century there were ample debates regarding the need for an international protection for trade names. And even then the reports presented to the Congress then mentioned the fact that national protection for trade names was provided for under various designations and with different scope in the countries that were analyzed. Since the determination of the various designations used has as its starting point the provisions of the Paris Convention an analysis starting from the designations used in France is necessary. A comparison with the terms used in Germany and France is then provided so as to offer a wide array of models for business identifiers that are to be later assessed as against their ability to mitigate transaction costs
SOME ISSUES CONCERNING JURISDICTION ON CLAIMS FOR PRELIMINARY RELIEF FOR INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
The article deals with some issues surrounding the assertion of jurisdiction on claims for preliminary or provisional
relief for infringement of intellectual property rights in Romania. Starting with the sources of the national provisions on
provisional measures which were the result of implementation of international and EU law, the article then analyzes the relvant
provisions in both the Code of Civil Procedure and the laws concerning the protection of intellectual property rights. In the
very end, some more strange possible factual situations are analyzed in order to demonstrate the need for further legislative
and judiciary guidance on the matter
I. ROTARY DISPERSION STUDIES OF SOME 1-INDANS. II. SYNTHESES OF DI-ORTHO-XYLYLENE AMMONIUM-BROMIDE
Abstract not availabl
SHORT CONSIDERATIONS ON THE USE OF TRADE INDICATORS AS TRADEMARKS
In today's global marketplace products and services are exchanged internationally not only by large companies wielding a large portfolio of internationally protected trademarks but also by small enterprises and even individuals who have neither the resources nor an interest in the building of such a portfolio. Since they are nonetheless economic agents using either their own or others' trade indicators to indicate the origin and quality of the products and services they provide or simply to advertise them, the present paper addresses some of the issues arising out of that use which is akin to trademark use in what regards said products and services. Special attention is paid to the change in purpose of the trade indicators when used as trademarks and the effects said change causes in the legal protection conferred to those trade indicators. Moreover the possible conflicts between such rights are shortly analyzed and the means for resolution of such conflicts briefly reviewed. Far from being an exhaustive study of the issues raised the present paper aims at identifying these issues and pointing to contentious points to be addressed by future research
CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING PROVISIONAL MEASURES FOR THE PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN ROMANIA
The article takes a look at provisions in the Code of Civil Procedure dealing with the provisional measures that can be requested by the intellectual property right-holder in case of apparent infringements of his rights. Starting from the goals of such regulation, as provided by Directive 48/2004, the article examines what could be the hurdles imposed by the Romanian legislator (mostly by not providing sufficiently tailored means in respect of intellectual property rights) on the right-holder and proposes that, in light of the problems as reflected in the courts' practice, a legislative intervention be undertaken in order to better adapt the means to the purpose envisaged