Phytostabilisation d'un site pollué par les éléments traces : opération pilote et pérennité du traitement

National audienceGrâce à l'utilisation combinée de plantes et d'agents immobilisants, la phytostabilisation assistée limite les risques associés à un sol contaminé en réduisant la biodisponibilité des polluants. Le rôle des plantes est de réduire le lessivage et l'érosion. En Europe et dans le monde, de nombreux sites ont déjà été phytostabilisés avec succès. Cependant, peu de projets de phytostabilisation associent une surface et une durée d'expérimentation suffisantes pour établir l'efficacité sur le long terme et en conditions réelles d'une telle pratique pour la gestion d'un site pollué. La nécessité de conduire des opérations pilotes sur une longue durée a été ainsi mise en avant par la communauté scientifique. L'objectif de ce projet mené sur un dispositif pilote mis en place en 2002 est d'estimer l'efficacité dans le temps d'une phytostabilisation assistée appliquée à un sédiment pollué par les éléments traces (Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, As). Les paramètres suivis dans cette étude sont liés aux plantes initialement semées, aux espèces végétales venues spontanément coloniser le dispositif, aux agents immobilisants utilisés et aux caractéristiques physico-agronomiques de la matrice polluée. Une synthèse des résultats obtenus sur 7 années de suivi sera présentée lors du colloque

Yellow fever vaccine induces integrated multilineage and polyfunctional immune responses

Correlates of immune-mediated protection to most viral and cancer vaccines are still unknown. This impedes the development of novel vaccines to incurable diseases such as HIV and cancer. In this study, we have used functional genomics and polychromatic flow cytometry to define the signature of the immune response to the yellow fever (YF) vaccine 17D (YF17D) in a cohort of 40 volunteers followed for up to 1 yr after vaccination. We show that immunization with YF17D leads to an integrated immune response that includes several effector arms of innate immunity, including complement, the inflammasome, and interferons, as well as adaptive immunity as shown by an early T cell response followed by a brisk and variable B cell response. Development of these responses is preceded, as demonstrated in three independent vaccination trials and in a novel in vitro system of primary immune responses (modular immune in vitro construct [MIMIC] system), by the coordinated up-regulation of transcripts for specific transcription factors, including STAT1, IRF7, and ETS2, which are upstream of the different effector arms of the immune response. These results clearly show that the immune response to a strong vaccine is preceded by coordinated induction of master transcription factors that lead to the development of a broad, polyfunctional, and persistent immune response that integrates all effector cells of the immune system

Neuropeptides, Trophic Factors, and Other Substances Providing Morphofunctional and Metabolic Protection in Experimental Models of Diabetic Retinopathy

Vision is the most important sensory modality for many species, including humans. Damage to the retina results in vision loss or even blindness. One of the most serious complications of diabetes, a disease that has seen a worldwide increase in prevalence, is diabetic retinopathy. This condition stems from consequences of pathological metabolism and develops in 75% of patients with type 1 and 50% with type 2 diabetes. The development of novel protective drugs is essential. In this review we provide a description of the disease and conclude that type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes lead to the same retinopathy. We evaluate existing experimental models and recent developments in finding effective compounds against this disorder. In our opinion, the best models are the long-term streptozotocin-induced diabetes and Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty and spontaneously diabetic Torii rats, while the most promising substances are topically administered somatostatin and pigment epithelium-derived factor analogs, antivasculogenic substances, and systemic antioxidants. Future drug development should focus on these

DNA vaccination against Entamoeba histolytica

Invasive amebiasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, is one of the leading parasitic causes of mortality worldwide, and there are no vaccines available to control the disease. The heavy subunit of the E. histolytica Gal-lectin is regarded as a potential subunit vaccine candidate. A Th1 (cell-mediated) immune response is protective against invasive amebiasis, and DNA vaccination is a strategy to induce such a response against specific antigens. The objective of this study was to construct and test a Gal-lectin-based DNA vaccine against E. histolytica. DNA encoding as 894--1081 of the Gal-lectin heavy subunit was resynthesized using a gerbil codon frequency bias and inserted in a mammalian expression vector to generate the DNA vaccine pCISToGL6. Balb/c mice vaccinated intradermally developed a Gal-lectin-specific cellular immune response, as well as an anti-Gal-lectin humoral immune response. Serum antibodies recognized a recombinant portion of the Gal-lectin heavy subunit by immunoblot and ELISA, and bound to native Gal-lectin on the surface of live trophozoites, inhibiting adherence to target cells. The Gal-lectin-specific serum antibodies were of the IgG2a isotype, indicating that a Th1 response was stimulated by the vaccine. We were also interested in using DNA encoding IL-12, IL-18 or GM-CSF as genetic adjuvants co-injected with pCISToGL6 to potentiate the immune response. Since the DNA vaccine was destined to confer protection in the gerbil model of invasive amebiasis, we cloned gerbil IL-12 (p35 and p40), IL-18 and its convertase caspase-1, and GM-CSF. The proteins were expressed in mammalian cells and showed bioactivity in vitro. Taken together, these results have laid the foundation to optimize and test a working Gal-lectin with co-stimulatory molecules to elicit a Th1 immune response for protective immunity against invasive amebiasis

Mildi-LIS®, an online decision support system for treatment against potato late blight

Mildi-LIS® is an online decision support system that allows a reduction of the number of treatments against late blight potato. It is based on the epidemiological model Premil from ARVALIS Institut du végétal researches. The institute works since 1998 to adapt the Ullrich Schrödter model to french climatic conditions. Premil is validated since 2002. In the years 2002 and 2003, Arvalis sold a PC-version but the potato growers asked Arvalis to develop an internet version. An online system is better to exchange data between technicians and growers.vokMyynti MTT Tietopalvelut 31600 Jokioine

Surveillance postopératoire de la fréquence respiratoire par capnométrie au travers d'un masque à oxygène adapté (capnomask r)

POITIERS-BU Médecine pharmacie (861942103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Vers une protection intégrée et durable contre les pathogènes du sol semences

National audienceabsen

Gale argentée, importance épidémiologique du stockage

National audienc

THEOREME : Thématisation par reconnaissance vocale des Médias

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