200 research outputs found

    Présentation

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    Les pratiques de l’espace qui s’inventent dans les mĂ©tropoles en mutation de notre monde postcolonial sont indissociables de textes qui en formulent les poĂ©tiques. Tel est le parti pris de ce volume, qui rĂ©unit des travaux de deux sĂ©minaires accueillis au MusĂ©e du quai Branly, Ă  Paris, de 2010 Ă  2014. MarquĂ©es par des mouvements dĂ©mographiques de moins en moins contrĂŽlables, les mĂ©tamorphoses urbaines les plus imprĂ©visibles Ă  l’échelle du monde portent avec elles de nouveaux espaces souvent ..

    First archaeobotanical plant macro-remain analysis from the Middle Bronze Age wetland settlement of Viverone (Viverone “Emissario” Project: campaign Viv16)

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    YesThe first archaeobotanical studies of the Middle Bronze Age lakeshore settlement demonstrate the enormous potential of this site for appropriate analyses. On the basis of the well-preserved layers a multitude of plant remains and wide diversity of species are present at this site. Evidence of emmer, spelt, tetraploid naked wheat, hulled barley, peas and broad beans conforms to the basic cultural crop spectrum of the Middle Bronze Age. The wild plants originate from various locations in the direct vicinity and allow an insight into the landscape at that time. Numerous wild plants were intentionally used by the settlers. Fruits gathered include cornelian cherries, hazelnuts, crab apples and a diversity of berries. Furthermore, archaeobotanical analyses support observations already made on site that within the settlement there are at least two functionally different areas. While in section 50/51 the layers contain the remains of daily food preparation, section 7 indicates a link to animal fodder.National Geographi

    Chapitre 3. Les activités

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    I- Gestion de l’eau (FrĂ©dĂ©ric Marty, Brice Chevaux, Sophie Ledrole, Jean-Marc FĂ©mĂ©nias) L’approvisionnement en eau est assurĂ© par cinq puits. Leur localisation et leur faible diamĂštre permettent de leur attribuer un statut privĂ©. Deux sont clairement localisĂ©s dans l’angle d’une cour (bĂąt. 1 : 2196 ; bĂąt. 11 : 185). Le puits 3082 se trouve coincĂ© entre le hangar 52 et la piĂšce 54, dans un espace ouvert Ă©troit correspondant Ă  la cour du bĂątiment 16, considĂ©rablement rĂ©duite aprĂšs la constructi..

    Une agglomĂ©ration rurale gallo-romaine des rives de l’Étang de Berre

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    En 2011, une fouille archĂ©ologique prĂ©ventive rĂ©alisĂ©e Ă  Istres, au pied de la colline du Castellan n, a mis au jour les vestiges d’une agglomĂ©ration rurale gallo-romaine, qui prend la suite d’une agglomĂ©ration de hauteur des premier et second Ăąges du fer, avant d’ĂȘtre dĂ©mantelĂ©e par des rĂ©cupĂ©rateurs de matĂ©riaux Ă  la fin du IVe siĂšcle ou au dĂ©but du Ve siĂšcle. IdĂ©alement situĂ©e dans l’environnement variĂ© Ă  proximitĂ© de l’étang de Berre, de la plaine de la Crau, des zones humides de Camargue et de la MĂ©diterranĂ©e, cette agglomĂ©ration a su tirer parti des ressources naturelles disponibles et de sa proximitĂ© avec le port antique de Fos, lieu d’échange des produits du commerce maritime. Les bĂątiments, leurs amĂ©nagements et le mobilier rĂ©vĂšlent la vie quotidienne et les pratiques culturelles d’une population gauloise rurale. La dĂ©couverte de deux sĂ©pultures et d’un bĂ»cher placĂ©s au plus prĂšs des vivants tĂ©moigne Ă©galement des coutumes funĂ©raires locales. Au total, ces investigations renouvellent profondĂ©ment notre vision de l’occupation du territoire et des modes de peuplement Ă  l’ouest de l’étang de Berte. Aux villae, Ă©tablissements et bergeries viennent dĂ©sormais s’ajourer de petites agglomĂ©rations qui trouvent leur place dans le maillage territorial

    Histoire des sciences au Moyen Âge

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    Programme de l’annĂ©e 2010-2011 : I. Les intĂ©rĂȘts scientifiques dans les commentaires bibliques (suite). — II. Les transformations de la matiĂšre et leurs thĂ©ories mĂ©diĂ©vales (suite)

    Restauration morpho-dynamique et redynamisation de la section court-circuitée du Rhin en aval du barrage de Kembs (projet INTERREG / EDF)

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    National audienceThe Upper Rhine River has been heavily impacted by channelization for flood protection and navigation, and then by damming for hydropower generation. In normal non flooding conditions, most of the flows are diverted in a canalized section whereas the regulated “old Rhine” bypassed reach runs a minimum flow. Between Huningue and Neuf-Brisach, engineering works induced simplification and stabilization of the channel pattern from a formerly braiding sector to a single incised channel, hydrological modifications, bottom armouring due to bedload decrease, and thus ecological alterations. Two complementary and interdisciplinary projects have been initiated to restore alluvial morphodynamics: i) the international “INTERREG IV - Redynamisation of the old Rhine” project (2009-2012) coordinated by the Alsace region, France; ii) the left bank “controlled erosion” project launched by ElectricitĂ© de France (EDF) within Kembs hydroelectric station relicensing process since 2003-2004. The purpose of these projects is to evaluate the feasibility of an important hydro-morphological and ecological restoration plan on a 45 km long reach, through both field testing of bank erosion techniques at favourable locations, and artificial sediments input from right bank excavations. This will help define possible long term prospective scenarios, in order to restore sustainable sediment transport, morphodynamics variability and associated ecological functions. The study will involve historical analysis, hydro-morphological / hydraulic physical and numerical modelling, physical and ecological monitoring, and sociological aspectsLe Rhin alsacien-allemand a enregistrĂ© de profondes modifications morphologiques et hydrologiques Ă  la suite de sa correction et de sa rĂ©gularisation pour la protection contre les crues et la navigation, puis aprĂšs la construction de barrages hydro-Ă©lectriques. Les amĂ©nagements rĂ©alisĂ©s entre Huningue et Neuf-Brisach ont engendrĂ© une simplification et une stabilisation du style fluvial. Un fleuve en tresses a cĂ©dĂ© la place Ă  un chenal unique incisĂ©. Le fond de chenal est devenu pavĂ© Ă  cause d’une diminution des apports de charge de fond et des altĂ©rations Ă©cologiques ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es (simplification des habitats aquatiques et riverains). Deux projets complĂ©mentaires et interdisciplinaires ont Ă©tĂ© engagĂ©s afin de restaurer une dynamique des formes alluviales : i) le projet international INTERREG IV – Redynamisation du Vieux Rhin (2009-2012) sous l’impulsion de la rĂ©gion Alsace ; ii) le projet d’érosion maitrisĂ©e des berges de la rive gauche conduit par ElectricitĂ© de France (EDF) dans le cadre du renouvellement de la concession de l’amĂ©nagement de Kembs. L’objectif des deux projets est de dĂ©finir un plan de restauration hydro-morphologique et Ă©cologique conduisant Ă  la redynamisation d’un tronçon de 45 km. L’étude repose sur une analyse historique, l’exploitation de modĂšles Ă  la fois physiques et numĂ©riques, et les suivis morphologiques in situ d’une recharge artificielle en sĂ©diments et d’érosions de berge contrĂŽlĂ©es. Ces Ă©tudes de faisabilitĂ© sont complĂ©tĂ©es par des analyses Ă©cologique et sociologique pour apprĂ©cier l’impact socio-environnemental de ces projets

    Characterization of esterase activity from an Acetomicrobium hydrogeniformans enzyme with high structural stability in extreme conditions

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    The biotechnological and industrial uses of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant enzymes are extensive and the investigation of such enzymes from microbiota present in oil reservoirs is a promising approach. Searching sequence databases for esterases from such microbiota, we have identified in silico a potentially secreted esterase from Acetomicrobium hydrogeniformans, named AhEst. The recombinant enzyme was produced in E. coli to be used in biochemical and biophysical characterization studies. AhEst presented hydrolytic activity on short-acyl-chain p-nitrophenyl ester substrates. AhEst activity was high and stable in temperatures up to 75 °C. Interestingly, high salt concentration induced a significant increase of catalytic activity. AhEst still retained ~ 50% of its activity in 30% concentration of several organic solvents. Synchrotron radiation circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopies confirmed that AhEst displays high structural stability in extreme conditions of temperature, salinity, and organic solvents. The enzyme is a good emulsifier agent and is able to partially reverse the wettability of an oil-wet carbonate substrate, making it of potential interest for use in enhanced oil recovery. All the traits observed in AhEst make it an interesting candidate for many industrial applications, such as those in which a significant hydrolytic activity at high temperatures is required

    Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

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    RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≄60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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