Fungal systematics and evolution : FUSE 1

Fungal Systematics and Evolution (FUSE) is introduced as a new series to expedite the publication of issues relating to the epitypification of formerly described species, report new sexual-asexual connections, the merging of sexual and asexual genera following the end of dual nomenclature, and to describe species or note interesting observations regarding fungi. This first paper includes 18 new combinations, 13 new species, three new genera and one new family. All taxa are ascomycetes, except one novel species, which is a basidiomycete. Based on its acervular conidioma, Septoria capensis is allocated to the genus Acervuloseptoria (Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes). Cheirospora botryospora is shown to have a Phialophora synasexual morph, and to belong to the Helotiales (Leotiomycetes). The genus Circinotrichum (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) is shown to be paraphyletic, and in need of revision. Dictyochaeta triseptata (Chaetosphaeriaceae, Chaetosphaeriales, Sordariomycetes) is reported on Eucalyptus twigs from Malaysia, and shown to have a microconidial morph. Pseudodinemasporium fabiforme (Chaetosphaeriaceae, Chaetosphaeriales, Sordariomycetes) is reported from leaf spots on Acacia mangium from Malaysia, and Sclerostagonospora cycadis (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) on leaves of Dioscorea composita from Mexico. Novel taxa include: Asperisporium caricicola (Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes) from Carica papaya (Fiji), Coniella peruensis (Schizoparmaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes) from soil (Peru), Curreya acacia (Cucurbitariaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) from Acacia mangium (Malaysia), Verrucoconiothyrium nitidae gen. nov. (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) from Proteaceae (South Africa), Cyphellophoriella pruni gen. et sp. nov. (Chaetothyriaceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes) from Prunus leaves (USA), Mycotribulus indonesiae (Physalacriaceae, Agaricales) from Eucalyptus leaves (Indonesia), Myrmecridium spartii (Myrmecridiaceae, Myrmecridiales, Sordariomycetes) and Diaporthe spartinicola (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes) from Spartium junceum (Spain), Neodevriesia poagena (Neodevriesiaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes) on stems of Poa sp. (the Netherlands). Novel taxa from Germany include: Dothiorella ulmacea (Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes) from Ulmus laevis, Eleutheromyces pseudosubulatus (incertae sedis, Helotiales) from Lactarius scrobiculatus, Paracamarosporium fagi (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) from Fagus sylvatica, Phaeoisaria loranthacearum (incertae sedis, Sordariomycetes) from Loranthus europaeus, and Flammocladiella aceris gen. et sp. nov. (Flammocladiellaceae fam. nov., Hypocreales) from Acer platanoides. An epitype is designated for Phomatospora striatigera (incertae sedis, Sordariomycetes) from Typha angustifolia (France).http://www.sydowia.at/syd62-1/syd62-1.htmam2016Microbiology and Plant Patholog

Contamination de <em>Buxus sempervirens</em> L. par <em>Rosellinia buxi</em> sur la Réserve Naturelle de la Combe-Lavaux en Bourgogne

National audienceEn Bourgogne, sur la Réserve Naturelle de la Combe Lavaux de Gevrey-Chambertin, des buis (Buxus sempervirens L.) se développent, le long de la route départementale en fond de combe. A la base du tronc de certains Buxus sempervirens L., un Ascomycète a été retrouvée, il s’agit de Rosellinia buxi. Aucune autre espèce de Rosellinia ne vient parasiter ces buis. Cependant, cinq autres espèces de Rosellinia ont été trouvées en Bourgogne. R. aquila et R. corticium ont été identifiés sur les feuillus, alors que R. thelena et R. mycophila plutôt sur les résineux. Quant à R. mammoidea, il a été isolé de chèvrefeuilles sauvages. Rosellinia buxi est donc très étroitement inféodé à cette essence, Buxus sempervirens L. Cette association, mycète-arbuste, révèle une atteinte du buis. Nous pouvions alors nous demander, si R. buxi est à l’origine de la maladie voire la destruction du buis, ou si la présence du mycète est le signe d’une souffrance de la plante, liée à son habitat ? En effet, le fond de la combe est particulièrement fréquenté par de nombreux véhicules. Les arbres s’y trouvant, pourraient être soumis à un stress dû à la pollution. Ce genre d’association est encore mal décrit et des études plus approfondies nous permettraient de cerner les facteurs qui favorisent sa survenue. De plus, il semblerait que les espèces du genre Rosellinia soient saprophytes, mais R. buxi serait pressenti comme R.necatrix et R. desmazieresii comme étant parasite. En évaluant les caractéristiques de développement de certains mycètes inféodés à des plantes endémiques d’habitats particuliers, nous pourrons alors tenter de comprendre l’incidence de l’activité humaine sur ces plantes. Ces mycètes pourraient être utilisé en tant que bioindiquateurs ou biomarqueurs de la qualité ou de la dégradation de l’écosystème dans lequel se trouve les plantes qui leurs sont inféodées

Bryocentria hypothallina (Hypocreales) – a new species on Metzgeria furcata

Bryocentria hypothallina (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales) is described as a new species. It grows necrotrophically on the liverwort Metzgeria furcata (Metzgeriales), causing bleached, insular infections. Ascomata are formed on the ventral side of the thalli and perforate them from below. The novel ascomycete species is recorded from France, Norway, and Spain. Thus, the obligately bryophilous genus Bryocentria now includes eight species. Our new species is characterized ecologically by its specialized microhabitat, and morphologically by having ascospores bearing tiny cyanophilous warts. Bryophily, hepaticolous ascomycetes, liverworts as hosts, necrotrophic parasites, thallus perforation

Les lichens et champignons lichénicoles de l’île de Cavallo (archipel des Lavezzi, Corse)

During a lichenological field session on the island of Cavallo (southern Corsica), a total of 109 taxa of lichens and lichenicolous fungi were recorded, among which 31 species were newly reported for southern Corsica. Comments are provided for the typically thermo-Mediterranean species and/ or for rare ones. The most interesting reports are those of Amandinea maritima, Catillaria servitii, Ramalina bourgeana and Ramalina clementeana and of the non lichenized lichenicolous fungus Polycoccum rinodinae which are mentioned for the first time in France. The presence of Ramalina bourgeana initially cited by Jatta (1900) but without indication of locality is confirmed for that area. Finding Cypheliopsis mediterranea is remarkable, as the species was hitherto only known from its type locality in France (Giens Peninsula– southern France, recorded by Crozals in 1924). A full list of taxa can be found in appendix.Les auteurs présentent un état des connaissances des lichens et des champignons lichénicoles non lichénisés de l’île de Cavallo puis donnent les résultats de leur étude, menée en 2014, qui a permis d’établir une liste de 109 taxons dont 31 nouvellement observés en Corse-du-Sud. Parmi ceux-ci, 3 lichens, Amandinea maritima, Catillaria servitii, Ramalina bourgeana et Ramalina clementeana, ainsi qu’un champignon non lichénisé lichénicole, Polycoccum rinodinae, sont signalés pour la première fois en France. La présence de Ramalina bourgeana, anciennement mentionné sans localité en Corse en 1900 par Jatta, est confirmée. Cypheliopsis mediterranea, connu jusqu’ici seulement dans une seule station de France (presqu’île de Giens, Var, Crozals, 1924), a été observé plusieurs fois sur Cavallo et fait partie des taxons nouvellement observés en Corse-du-Sud. Seules les espèces intéressantes (typiques de l’étage thermoméditerranéen) ou nouvellement citées sont commentées. La liste complète des taxons identifiés à la suite des prospections de terrain est fournie en annexe.Gonnet Danièle, Gonnet Olivier, Gardiennet Alain, Roux Claude. Les lichens et champignons lichénicoles de l’île de Cavallo (archipel des Lavezzi, Corse). In: Ecologia mediterranea, tome 43 n°2, 2017. Le patrimoine naturel de l'île de Cavallo (archipel des Lavezzi, Corse) : écologie, biogéographie et conservation. pp. 171-184

Update on the taxonomy of European Mytilinidiaceae (Fungi/Dikarya/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Mytilinidiales)

National audienc

Phonon-based partition of (ZnSe-like) semiconductor mixed crystals on approach to their pressure-induced structural transition

International audienceThe generic 1-bond → 2-mode "percolation-type" Raman signal inherent to the short bond of common A 1−x B x C semiconductor mixed crystals with zincblende (cubic) structure is exploited as a sensitive "mesoscope" to explore how various ZnSe-based systems engage their pressure-induced structural transition (to rock-salt) at the sub-macroscopic scale-with a focus on Zn 1−x Cd x Se. The Raman doublet, that distinguishes between the AC-and BC-like environments of the short bond, is reactive to pressure: either it closes (Zn 1−x Be x Se, ZnSe 1−x S x) or it opens (Zn 1−x Cd x Se), depending on the hardening rates of the two environments under pressure. A partition of II-VI and III-V mixed crystals is accordingly outlined. Of special interest is the "closure" case, in which the system resonantly stabilizes ante transition at its "exceptional point" corresponding to a virtual decoupling, by overdamping, of the two oscillators forming the Raman doublet. At this limit, the chain-connected bonds of the short species (taken as the minor one) freeze along the chain into a rigid backbone. This reveals a capacity behind alloying to reduce the thermal conductivity as well as the thermalization rate of photo-generated electrons

Barrmaelia and Entosordaria in Barrmaeliaceae (fam. nov., Xylariales) and critical notes on Anthostomella-like genera based on multigene phylogenies

Phylogenetic analyses of a combined DNA data matrix containing ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tub2 sequences of representative Xylariales revealed that the genus Barrmaelia is a well-defined monophylum, as based on four of its described species (B. macrospora, B. moravica, B. oxyacanthae, B. rhamnicola) and the new species B. rappazii. The generic type of Entosordaria, E. perfidiosa, is revealed as the closest relative of Barrmaelia, being phylogenetically distant from the generic type of Clypeosphaeria, C. mamillana, which belongs to Xylariaceae sensu stricto. Entosordaria and Barrmaelia are highly supported and form a distinct lineage, which is recognised as the new family Barrmaeliaceae. The new species E. quercina is described. Barrmaelia macrospora, B. moravica and B. rhamnicola are epitypified and E. perfidiosa is lecto- and epitypified. Published sequences of Anthostomella and several Anthostomella-like species from the genera Alloanthostomella, Anthostomelloides, Neoanthostomella, Pseudoanthostomella and Pyriformiascoma are evaluated, demonstrating the necessity of critical inspection of published sequence data before inclusion in phylogenies. Verified isolates of several species from these genera should be re-sequenced to affirm their phylogenetic affinities. In addition, the generic type of Anthostomella should be sequenced before additional generic re-arrangements are proposed.© The Author(s) 201

Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa

Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.Peer reviewe