Hvordan kan Norsk Hermetikkmuseum brukes som en arena for matematikkundervisning - elevenes matematiske samtale i gruppearbeid

I denne masteroppgaven skal jeg se på hvordan et undervisningsopplegg på Norsk Hermetikkmuseum, etterfulgt av et undervisningsopplegg i klasserommet kan legge opp til matematiske samtaler blant elever som jobber i grupper. Elevene som deltar i prosjektet er en 5. klasse bestående av 20 elever, hvor de blir delt inn i fem grupper på fire. Elevene jobber med oppgaver som er satt inn i en historisk kontekst, nemlig hermetikkarbeidere i Stavanger på 1920 – tallet. De får kle seg ut som arbeidere og gå på jobb. Oppgavene de jobber med er å finne ut hvor mye de vil få utbetalt i lønn, og lage forenklede budsjett ut fra denne informasjonen. Ut ifra analyser av diskusjonene til en av gruppene mens de jobber med oppgaver ved de to lokasjonene, undersøker jeg hvordan elevene snakker når det ikke er en lærer som styrer deres diskusjoner. Jeg undersøker hvor mye av deres samtaler handler om oppgaven eller ikke, og hva som kjennetegner deres diskusjoner og eventuelle forskjeller mellom undervisningsoppleggene. Resultatene fra analysen viser at elevene har en stor andel av sine diskusjoner som handler om selve oppgaven.In this master thesis I am going to examine how a teaching plan at the Norwegian Canning Museum in Stavanger, followed by a class in their own classroom can facilitate mathematical conversations between students, while working on small groups of four. The students participating in this project is a class of twenty 5th grade students, where they are grouped into five groups of four. The students will be working with tasks set up with a context from workers in the old canning factories in Stavanger from the 1920s. They will get to dress up as the workers and go to work. The tasks they work with is to figure out how much they would be getting paid and make a simplified budget from this information. Based on analysists from the discussions from one of these groups while they work at these two locations, I examine how the students talk when there is no teacher there to steer their discussions. I examine how much of their conversations deal with the task or not, and the characteristics of their conversations and the eventual differences there are between the two teaching plans. The results from there analysists show that the discussion amongst the students mainly concerns the tasks themselves

Morphologic and functional correlates of synaptic pathology in the cathepsin D knockout mouse model of congenital neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Mutations in the cathepsin D (CTSD) gene cause an aggressive neurodegenerative disease (congenital neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) that leads to early death. Recent evidence suggests that presynaptic abnormalities play a major role in the pathogenesis of CTSD deficiencies. To identify the early events that lead to synaptic alterations, we investigated synaptic ultrastructure and function in pre-symptomatic CTSD knock-out (Ctsd(−/−)) mice. Electron microscopy revealed that there were significantly greater numbers of readily releasable synaptic vesicles present in Ctsd(−/−) mice than in wild-type control mice as early as postnatal day 16. The size of this synaptic vesicle pool continued to increase with disease progression in the hippocampus and thalamus of the Ctsd(−/−) mice. Electrophysiology revealed a markedly decreased frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) with no effect on pair-pulse modulation of the evoked EPSPs in the hippocampus of Ctsd(−/−) mice. The reduced miniature EPSC frequency was observed before the appearance of epilepsy or any morphological sign of synaptic degeneration. Taken together, the data indicate that CTSD is required for normal synaptic function, and that a failure in synaptic trafficking or recycling may be an early and important pathological mechanism in Ctsd(−/−) mice; these presynaptic abnormalities may initiate synaptic degeneration in advance of subsequent neuronal loss

From the track to the ocean : using flow control to improve marine bio-logging tags for cetaceans

This project was funded by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program [National Science Foundation via the Office of Naval Research N00014-11-1-0113]. C. Spencer Garborg was supported by a Grove City College Swezey Student Fellowship to Erik Anderson. Mark Johnson was funded by a Marie Curie-Sklodowska grant from the European Union. All supplemental data files are available from the Dryad Digital Repository (doi:10.5061/dryad.4j4m1).Bio-logging tags are an important tool for the study of cetaceans, but superficial tags inevitably increase hydrodynamic loading. Substantial forces can be generated by tags on fast-swimming animals, potentially affecting behavior and energetics or promoting early tag removal. Streamlined forms have been used to reduce loading, but these designs can accelerate flow over the top of the tag. This non-axisymmetric flow results in large lift forces (normal to the animal) that become the dominant force component at high speeds. In order to reduce lift and minimize total hydrodynamic loading this work presents a new tag design (Model A) that incorporates a hydrodynamic body, a channel to reduce fluid speed differences above and below the housing and wing to redirect flow to counter lift. Additionally, three derivatives of the Model A design were used to examine the contribution of individual flow control features to overall performance. Hydrodynamic loadings of four models were compared using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The Model A design eliminated all lift force and generated up to ~30 N of downward force in simulated 6 m/s aligned flow. The simulations were validated using particle image velocimetry (PIV) to experimentally characterize the flow around the tag design. The results of these experiments confirm the trends predicted by the simulations and demonstrate the potential benefit of flow control elements for the reduction of tag induced forces on the animal.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Review article: faecal transplantation therapy for gastrointestinal disease

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Wiley in Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics on 20/06/2011, available online: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04737.x The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.Summary Background Evidence is emerging regarding the relationship between a dysbiosis of the human gut microbiota and a number of gastrointestinal diseases as well as diseases beyond the gut. Probiotics have been investigated in many gastrointestinal disease states, with variable and often modest outcomes. Faecal transplantation is an alternative approach to manipulate the gut microbiota. Aim To review the use of faecal transplantation therapy for the management of gastrointestinal disorders. Methods Available articles on faecal transplantation in the management of gastrointestinal disorders were identified using a Pubmed search and bibliographies of review articles on the subject were collated. Results A total of 239 patients who had undergone faecal transplantation were reported. Seventeen of 22 studies of faecal transplantation were in fulminant or refractory Clostridium difficile. Studies of faecal transplantation are heterogeneous regarding the patients, donors, screening, methods of administration and definition of response. Faecal transplantation for C. difficile has been demonstrated to be effective in 145/166 (87%) patients. Small numbers of patients are reported to have undergone successful faecal transplantation for irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. Conclusions Faecal transplantation has been reported with good outcomes for fulminant and refractory C. difficile. No adverse effects of faecal transplantation have been reported. However, there are no level 1 data of faecal transplantation and reports to date may suffer from reporting bias of positive outcomes and under-reporting of adverse effects. This therapy holds great promise, where a dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is responsible for disease and further studies are necessary to explore this potential.Published versio

Adverse events in faecal microbiota transplant: a review of the literature.

Faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is the infusion of donor faeces into the gut with the aim of improving microbial diversity. The procedure has gained significant interest recently in the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). The literature is currently dominated by small case series and isolated case reports. There is no standardization of methods and recording of outcomes.Submitted (immediately with CC-BY-NC-ND), or accepted after 12 month embargo (CC-BY-NC-ND