Employment in European high tech manufacturing SMES during the recovery (2009-2011)

ABSTRACTThe industrial policy debate in the EU is mostly centred on the importance of high-tech manufacturing in the recovery from the 2008/2009 crisis and for the future prosperity of Europe. This paper looks at employment in European high-tech manufacturing Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) during the recovery from the global financial and economic crisis: 2009 - 2011. Its aim is to study the relations between employment in said sector and macroeconomic, policy and structural factors. A simple regression is used to ascertain the influence of these factors on employment in high-tech manufacturing SMEs. Policy implications are also drawn.  ABSTRACT The industrial policy debate in the EU is mostly centred on the importance of high-tech manufacturing in the recovery from the 2008/2009 crisis and for the future prosperity of Europe. This paper looks at employment in European high-tech manufacturing Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) during the recovery from the global financial and economic crisis: 2009 - 2011. Its aim is to study the relations between employment in said sector and macroeconomic policy and structural factors. A simple regression is used to ascertain the influence of these factors on employment in high-tech manufacturing SMEs. Policy implications are also drawn.  RESUMENEl debate sobre la política industrial en la UE está fundamentalmente centrado en la importancia que deben tener los sectores manufactureros de alta tecnología en la recuperación de la crisis del 2008/2009 y para la prosperidad futura en Europa. Este artículo analiza el empleo en pequeñas y medianas empresas (SME en sus siglas en inglés) europeas que trabajan en sectores de alta y media tecnología y se centra en el periodo de recuperación de la crisis global y financiera del 2009-2011. El objetivo es estudiar las relaciones entre el empleo en dicho sector y la política macroeconómica y los factores estructurales. Se hace uso de una regresión simple para comprobar la influencia de dichos factores sobre el empleo en SME en sectores de alta tecnología. A partir de este análisis se extraen recomendaciones en materia de política económica.   &nbsp

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research