Non-equilibrium effects on stability of hybrid stars with first-order phase transitions

The stability of hybrid stars with first-order phase transitions as determined by calculating fundamental radial oscillation modes is known to differ from the predictions of the widely-used Bardeen--Thorne--Meltzer criterion. We consider the effects of out-of-chemical-equilibrium physics on the radial modes and hence stability of these objects. For a barotropic equation of state, this is done by allowing the adiabatic sound speed to differ from the equilibrium sound speed. We show that doing so extends the stable branches of stellar models, allowing stars with rapid phase transitions to support stable higher-order stellar multiplets similarly to stars with multiple slow phase transitions. We also derive a new junction condition to impose on the oscillation modes at the phase transition. Termed the reactive condition, it is physically motivated, consistent with the generalized junction conditions between two phases, and has the common rapid and slow conditions as limiting cases. Unlike the two common cases, it can only be applied to nonbarotropic stars. We apply this junction condition to hybrid stellar models generated using a two-phase equation of state consisting of nuclear matter with unpaired quark matter at high densities joined by a first-order phase transition and show that like in the slow limiting case, stars that are classically unstable are stabilized by a finite chemical reaction speed.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

Sistema pictográfico para reconhecimento de ingredientes específicos em embalagens de alimentos ultraprocessados

A rotulagem de alimentos adequada é direito do consumidor. Há uma padronização regulada pela Anvisa, mas apresenta lacunas: a informação é aglomerada em blocos densos, em formato de texto, o que abre outras possibilidades de soluções visuais. Isto se mostra ainda mais imprescindível no caso de pessoas com dietas restritas. As consequências podem variar de insatisfação do consumidor, reações alérgicas amenas até casos de morte. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um sistema pictográfico para reconhecimento de ingredientes específicos em embalagens de lanches industrializados. Para isso, o trabalho utilizou metodologia adaptada, passando por etapas de definição do problema, levantamento de informações, conceituação, geração de alternativas e refinamento, tendo como resultado uma família de pictogramas

New strontium-based coatings show activity against pathogenic bacteria in spine infection

Infections of implants and prostheses represent relevant complications associated with the implantation of biomedical devices in spine surgery. Indeed, due to the length of the surgical procedures and the need to implant invasive devices, infections have high incidence, interfere with osseointegration, and are becoming increasingly difficult to threat with common therapies due to the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes by pathogenic bacteria. The application of metal-substituted tricalcium phosphate coatings onto the biomedical devices is a promising strategy to simultaneously prevent bacterial infections and promote osseointegration/osseoinduction. Strontium-substituted tricalcium phosphate (Sr-TCP) is known to be an encouraging formulation with osseoinductive properties, but its antimicrobial potential is still unexplored. To this end, novel Sr-TCP coatings were manufactured by Ionized Jet Deposition technology and characterized for their physiochemical and morphological properties, cytotoxicity, and bioactivity against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P human pathogenic strains. The coatings are nanostructured, as they are composed by aggregates with diameters from 90 nm up to 1 mu m, and their morphology depends significantly on the deposition time. The Sr-TCP coatings did not exhibit any cytotoxic effects on human cell lines and provided an inhibitory effect on the planktonic growth of E. coli and S. aureus strains after 8 h of incubation. Furthermore, bacterial adhesion (after 4 h of exposure) and biofilm formation (after 24 h of cell growth) were significantly reduced when the strains were cultured on Sr-TCP compared to tricalcium phosphate only coatings. On Sr-TCP coatings, E. coli and S. aureus cells lost their organization in a biofilm-like structure and showed morphological alterations due to the toxic effect of the metal. These results demonstrate the stability and anti-adhesion/antibiofilm properties of IJD-manufactured Sr-TCP coatings, which represent potential candidates for future applications to prevent prostheses infections and to promote osteointegration/osteoinduction

Pitfalls in machine learning‐based assessment of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer: a report of the international immuno‐oncology biomarker working group

The clinical significance of the tumor-immune interaction in breast cancer (BC) has been well established, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have emerged as a predictive and prognostic biomarker for patients with triple-negative (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 negative) breast cancer (TNBC) and HER2-positive breast cancer. How computational assessment of TILs can complement manual TIL-assessment in trial- and daily practices is currently debated and still unclear. Recent efforts to use machine learning (ML) for the automated evaluation of TILs show promising results. We review state-of-the-art approaches and identify pitfalls and challenges by studying the root cause of ML discordances in comparison to manual TILs quantification. We categorize our findings into four main topics; (i) technical slide issues, (ii) ML and image analysis aspects, (iii) data challenges, and (iv) validation issues. The main reason for discordant assessments is the inclusion of false-positive areas or cells identified by performance on certain tissue patterns, or design choices in the computational implementation. To aid the adoption of ML in TILs assessment, we provide an in-depth discussion of ML and image analysis including validation issues that need to be considered before reliable computational reporting of TILs can be incorporated into the trial- and routine clinical management of patients with TNBC

Germline HOXB13 mutations p.G84E and p.R217C do not confer an increased breast cancer risk

In breast cancer, high levels of homeobox protein Hox-B13 (HOXB13) have been associated with disease progression of ER-positive breast cancer patients and resistance to tamoxifen treatment. Since HOXB13 p.G84E is a prostate cancer risk allele, we evaluated the association between HOXB13 germline mutations and breast cancer risk in a previous study consisting of 3,270 familial non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer cases and 2,327 controls from the Netherlands. Although both recurrent HOXB13 mutations p.G84E and p.R217C were not associated with breast cancer risk, the risk estimation for p.R217C was not very precise. To provide more conclusive evidence regarding the role of HOXB13 in breast cancer susceptibility, we here evaluated the association between HOXB13 mutations and increased breast cancer risk within 81 studies of the international Breast Cancer Association Consortium containing 68,521 invasive breast cancer patients and 54,865 controls. Both HOXB13 p.G84E and p.R217C did not associate with the development of breast cancer in European women, neither in the overall analysis (OR = 1.035, 95% CI = 0.859-1.246, P = 0.718 and OR = 0.798, 95% CI = 0.482-1.322, P = 0.381 respectively), nor in specific high-risk subgroups or breast cancer subtypes. Thus, although involved in breast cancer progression, HOXB13 is not a material breast cancer susceptibility gene.Peer reviewe

Asedios al archivo, la literatura, los territorios, las pedagogías y la creación

Lenguajes de la memoria y los Derechos Humanos III. Asedios al archivo, la literatura, los territorios, las pedagogías y la creación está integrado por un conjunto de trabajos cuyos ejes temáticos son auscultados desde el suelo presente, necesario, insistente, heteroglósico, en continua redefinición. El libro fue concebido en un momento atravesado por el influjo del abismo producido por el gobierno de la derecha en Argentina y en América Latina, en el interregno 2015-2019, y culminado durante la pandemia Covid 19, que azota al mundo con millones de muertos e infectados.Fil: Ares, María Cristina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Letras; Argentina.Fil: Bracaccini Acevedo, María. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades; Argentina.Fil: Cella, Susana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina.Fil: Cornavaca, María Trinidad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Lenguas; Argentina.Fil: Corral, María Manuela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Lenguas; Argentina.Fil: Crenzel, Emilio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Da Silva Catela, Ludmila. Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro; Brasil.Fil: Díaz, Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina.Fil: Ferraro, Paula Daniela. Universidad Federal Fluminense; Brasil.Fil: Ferrada Rau, Rocío Nili. Universidad de Chile; Chile.Fil: Garbero, Vanesa. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: García, Díaz. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México.Fil: Giraldi Dei Cas, Norah. Universidad de Lille; Francia.Fil: Gutiérrez, Carlos Arturo. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Colombia.Fil: Kozameh, Alicia. Chapman University. Departamento de Inglés; Estados Unidos.Fil: Magrin, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina.Fil: Inchauspe, Leandro. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Fil: Martínez, Carlos Dámaso. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Letras; Argentina.Fil: Mercado, Mónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Artes. Departamento Académico de Artes Visuales; Argentina.Fil: Merro, Agustina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Letras; Argentina.Fil: Mohaded, Ana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Artes. Departamento Académico de Cine y Televisión; Argentina.Fil: Montes, Alicia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina.Fil: Muñoz Leppe, Olga Elvira. Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación; Chile.Fil: Palma Solís, Jennifer Luz. Universidad de Chile; Chile.Fil: Pino, Mirian. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Letras; Argentina.Fil: Rabanal Gatica, Damaso. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chile.Fil: Reati, Fernando. Georgia State University; Estados Unidos.Fil: Reyes, Manuela. Universidad Nacional de Villa María; Argentina.Fil: Rocchietti, Luciana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación; Argentina.Fil: Saint Bonet, María Virginia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Letras; Argentina.Fil: Schwenke, Gonzalo. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chile.Fil: Semilla Durán, María Angélica. Universidad Central de Barcelona; España.Fil: Solis, Ana Carol. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.Fil: Sosa San Martín, Gabriela. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Uruguay.Fil: Suppo, Carina Noemí. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina.Fil: Vásquez, Malva Marina. Universidad de Chile; Chile.Fil: Vassallo, Celeste. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Letras; Argentina.Fil: Wild, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación; Argentina

Germline HOXB13 mutations p.G84E and p.R217C do not confer an increased breast cancer risk

Abstract: In breast cancer, high levels of homeobox protein Hox-B13 (HOXB13) have been associated with disease progression of ER-positive breast cancer patients and resistance to tamoxifen treatment. Since HOXB13 p.G84E is a prostate cancer risk allele, we evaluated the association between HOXB13 germline mutations and breast cancer risk in a previous study consisting of 3,270 familial non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer cases and 2,327 controls from the Netherlands. Although both recurrent HOXB13 mutations p.G84E and p.R217C were not associated with breast cancer risk, the risk estimation for p.R217C was not very precise. To provide more conclusive evidence regarding the role of HOXB13 in breast cancer susceptibility, we here evaluated the association between HOXB13 mutations and increased breast cancer risk within 81 studies of the international Breast Cancer Association Consortium containing 68,521 invasive breast cancer patients and 54,865 controls. Both HOXB13 p.G84E and p.R217C did not associate with the development of breast cancer in European women, neither in the overall analysis (OR = 1.035, 95% CI = 0.859–1.246, P = 0.718 and OR = 0.798, 95% CI = 0.482–1.322, P = 0.381 respectively), nor in specific high-risk subgroups or breast cancer subtypes. Thus, although involved in breast cancer progression, HOXB13 is not a material breast cancer susceptibility gene

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Phenotypic similarity between fruits of Gevuina avellana (Proteaceae) and wasp-induced galls of Nothofagus dombeyi (Nothofagaceae) does not protect fruits from predation by rodents

ABSTRACT Fruits of Gevuina avellana (Proteaceae) seem to mimic wasp-induced galls of Nothofagus dombeyi (Nothofagaceae) to escape predation by rodents, which may change both spatially and temporarily. The objective of this study was to evaluate the similarity between the fruits of G. avellana and the galls of N. dombeyi and to determine if this similarity protects fruits from predation by rodents in a disturbed temperate forest. We evaluated: i) the similarity between fruits and galls by measuring length, diameter, weight and color; and ii) the effects of galls on fruit predation by offering them to rodents in varying proportions, in a forest and a meadow, over two years. Fruits and galls showed similar phenotypes but fruits were more consumed than galls, even at low fruit frequencies, suggesting that their similarities are not due to mimicry. Fruits escaped predation more in the meadow than in the forest, particularly during the second year, thus indicating spatio-temporal variability in the phenomenon. The similarity between fruits and galls seems to be the result of phylogenetic and/or developmental constraints, rather than the result of a Darwinian coevolutionary pathway mediated by rodents. However, mimicry may happen with other dry-fruited plants inhabiting deforested habitats, which encourages further studies