RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

Centrality dependence of inclusive J/\u3c8 production in p-Pb collisions at 1asNN = 5.02 TeV

We present a measurement of inclusive J/\u3c8 production in p-Pb collisions at 1asNN = 5.02TeV as a function of the centrality of the collision, as estimated from the energy deposited in the Zero Degree Calorimeters. The measurement is performed with the ALICE detector down to zero transverse momentum, pT, in the backward ( 124.46 < ycms < 122.96) and forward (2.03 < ycms < 3.53) rapidity intervals in the dimuon decay channel and in the mid-rapidity region ( 121.37 < ycms < 0.43) in the dielectron decay channel. The backward and forward rapidity intervals correspond to the Pb-going and p-going direction, respectively. The pT-differential J/\u3c8 production cross section at backward and forward rapidity is measured for several centrality classes, together with the corresponding average pT and pT2 values. The nuclear modification factor is presented as a function of centrality for the three rapidity intervals, and as a function of pT for several centrality classes at backward and forward rapidity. At mid- and forward rapidity, the J/\u3c8 yield is suppressed up to 40% compared to that in pp interactions scaled by the number of binary collisions. The degree of suppression increases towards central p-Pb collisions at forward rapidity, and with decreasing pT of the J/\u3c8. At backward rapidity, the nuclear modification factor is compatible with unity within the total uncertainties, with an increasing trend from peripheral to central p-Pb collisions

Centrality dependence of high-pT D meson suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at 1asNN = 2.76 TeV

The nuclear modification factor, RAA, of the prompt charmed mesons D0, D+ and D 17+, and their antiparticles, was measured with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy 1asNN = 2.76 TeV in two transverse momentum intervals, 5 < pT < 8GeV/c and 8 < pT < 16GeV/c, and in six collision centrality classes. The RAA shows a maximum suppression of a factor of 5\u20136 in the 10% most central collisions. The suppression and its centrality dependence are compatible within uncertainties with those of charged pions. A comparison with the RAA of non-prompt J/\u3c8 from B meson decays, measured by the CMS Collaboration, hints at a larger suppression of D mesons in the most central collisions

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Crescimento, desenvolvimento gonadal e composição muscular de matrinxãs (Brycon cephalus) submetidos à restrição alimentar e realimentação durante um ano Growth, gonadal development and composition of white and red muscles of matrinxã, Brycon cephalus submitted to food restriction and refeeding during a year

Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o efeito da restrição de ração alternada com realimentação no crescimento, desenvolvimento gonadal e composição muscular de matrinxãs (Brycon cephalus) adultos, de ambos os sexos, durante um ano (janeiro de 1998 a janeiro de 1999). Foram utilizados 135 peixes, separados em dois grupos: controle, alimentado diariamente até aparente saciação, e experimental, submetido ininterruptamente a ciclos de três dias de alimentação/2 dias de restrição de ração (40% de restrição ao mês). Foram realizadas 7 amostragens, nas quais foram utilizados 8 a 10 peixes por grupo. Após anestesia, os peixes foram pesados e as gônadas foram retiradas para determinação do IGS, sexo e fase do ciclo reprodutivo. Porções dos músculos branco e vermelho foram retiradas para determinação da porcentagem de lipídio total, proteína bruta, matéria seca e umidade. Os resultados mostraram que a estratégia alimentar utilizada não afetou o crescimento, o desenvolvimento gonadal e a composição muscular do matrinxã. A restrição de ração seguida por realimentação parece ter desencadeado mecanismos de ajuste metabólico para melhor utilização do alimento e aporte suficiente de energia para o crescimento, processo de maturação gonadal e composição corporal. É possível estabelecer formas de manejo alimentar mais econômicas para o matrinxã sem que processos fisiológicos importantes sejam afetados.<br>This work determined the effect of food restriction and refeeding on the body weight, gonadal maturation and muscle composition of matrinxã, Brycon cephalus, throughout a year (Jan 1998 to Jan 1999). A total of 135 fish, males and females, were split out into two groups. The control group received ration daily up to apparent satiation and the experimental group was alternately fed for 3 days and starved for 2 days (40% of restriction monthly). Seven samplings were carried out, during the experimental period, and at each sampling, after 18-24 hours starving, 8-10 fish were weighed, anesthetized and sacrificed for collection of gonads (gonadosomatic index (GSI), fish sex and reproductive stages) and white and red muscles (determination crude protein, total lipid, dry matter and moisture). The alternate food restriction and refeeding did not affect body weight, gonadal maturation and centesimal composition of muscles of matrinxã. Total lipid, crude protein, dry matter and moisture values remained unchanged face to the lower ration offer. The data showed that the restriction strategy might have triggered mechanisms of metabolic adjustment to improve the utilization of the feeding and to sustain the body homeostasis. The study suggest it is possible to establish economically advantageous feeding schemes for Brycon cephalus without affecting growth, reproduction and carcass composition

Indução do estro no pós-parto em vacas primíparas Holandês-Zebu Induction of estrus in the postpartum of Holstein-Zebu heifers through norgestomet

Avaliou-se o efeito do peso corporal no início do tratamento com progestágeno sobre as características reprodutivas de vacas mestiças Holandês-Zebu no pós-parto. Foram utilizadas 64 vacas, divididas em quatro grupos: GI - vacas com peso corporal entre 390-458kg e submetidas a tratamento hormonal com norgestomet, GII - vacas com peso corporal entre 464-562kg e submetidas a tratamento hormonal com norgestomet, GIII - vacas com peso corporal entre 374-451kg (controle) e GIV - vacas com peso corporal entre 452-545kg (controle). Os animais do grupo II manifestaram o primeiro estro no pós-parto mais cedo que os demais (64,4 dias - GII vs. 109,4-GI; 143,2-GIII e 105,1-GIV dias), e apresentaram menor período de serviço (94,6 dias vs. 125,5; 160,9 e 131,0 dias, na mesma ordem de citação anterior). Quanto às taxas de manifestação de estro e de gestação final, não se verificaram diferenças (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. Os animais do GII apresentaram o menor período de serviço e os do GIII, o maior (94,6 vs. 160,9). Não houve influência do tratamento hormonal nem do peso corporal sobre a produção de leite e duração da lactação. O uso do implante de progestágeno nos animais que apresentaram maiores peso e condição corporal no início do tratamento respondeu por menor intervalo entre o parto e o primeiro estro. O uso do progestágeno em animais mais leves esteve associado ao retorno mais rápido à atividade ovariana cíclica no pós-parto.<br>The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of two ranges of body weight and norgestomet treatment on the reproductive parameters of postpartum crossbred Holstein-zebu cows. Sixty four primiparous cows were randomly allocated to four treatments 40 days after calving: group I - cows with body weight ranging from 390 to 458kg and norgestomet treated; group II - cows with body weight ranging from 464 to 562kg and norgestomet treated; group III - cows with body weight ranging from 390 to 458kg (control); and group IV - cows with body weight ranging from 464 to 562kg (control). Progestagen auricular implants were mantained during 10 days and the cows were mated to bulls submitted to breeding soundness evaluation. Animals from treatment II showed estrus earlier than animals of the others treatments (II: 64.4; I: 109.4; III: 143.2 and IV: 105.1 days; P<0.05), and shorter open days (II: 94.6; I: 125.5; III: 160.9 and IV: 131.0 days; P<0.05). Estrus and pregnance rates did not differ between treatments (P>0.05). The hormonal treatment and the body weight did not affect the total and daily milk yield, and length of lactation (P>0.05). Progestagen treated, heavier and better body condition scored animals had shorter open days, and returned to postpartum ovarian ciclicity faster than lighter animals