Kompetenzentwicklung für und in der digitalen Arbeitswelt

(1)Das digital-vernetzte Arbeitsleben erfordert neuartige und veränderte Kompetenzen, die sich in sechs Kompetenzfeldern differenzieren lassen: Personenbezogene Kompetenzen, soziale Kompetenzen, MMI-Kompetenzen, Prozess-Kompetenzen, Lösungs-Kompetenzen und Strategische Kompetenzen. (2)Deren Förderung und Entwicklung im Unternehmenskontext darf nicht unabhängig von den gegebenen Kontextfaktoren (z.B. Organisation, Führung, Metrik etc.) gesehen werden; jeder Kontextfaktor beeinflusst den Prozess der Kompetenzentwicklung fördernd oder hemmend. (3)Für jeden Kontextfaktor lassen sich individuell Ziel und Maßnahmen definieren, um zu einer Kompetenzentwicklung beitragen zu können. (4)In Bezug auf die Kompetenzentwicklung beeinflussen sich die Kontextfaktoren gegenseitig, so dass die jeweiligen Ziele und Maßnahmen aufeinander abzustimmen sind. (5)Die übergreifende, betriebswirtschaftliche, auf ein industrielles Arbeitssystem abgestimmte Metrik prägt zudem jeden einzelnen Kontextfaktor und beeinflusst somit den Prozess der Kompetenzentwicklung direkt und indirekt. (6)Übergreifendes Ziel muss daher die Weiterentwicklung bzw. Anpassung der vorherrschenden, industriell geprägten Metrik als Instrument der Orientierung und als Rahmen für die digital-vernetzte Arbeitswelt sowie die Entwicklung der erforderlichen Kompetenzen für diese Arbeitswelt sein

Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition

The idea that noncrop habitat enhances pest control and represents a win–win opportunity to conserve biodiversity and bolster yields has emerged as an agroecological paradigm. However, while noncrop habitat in landscapes surrounding farms sometimes benefits pest predators, natural enemy responses remain heterogeneous across studies and effects on pests are inconclusive. The observed heterogeneity in species responses to noncrop habitat may be biological in origin or could result from variation in how habitat and biocontrol are measured. Here, we use a pest-control database encompassing 132 studies and 6,759 sites worldwide to model natural enemy and pest abundances, predation rates, and crop damage as a function of landscape composition. Our results showed that although landscape composition explained significant variation within studies, pest and enemy abundances, predation rates, crop damage, and yields each exhibited different responses across studies, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing in landscapes with more noncrop habitat but overall showing no consistent trend. Thus, models that used landscape-composition variables to predict pest-control dynamics demonstrated little potential to explain variation across studies, though prediction did improve when comparing studies with similar crop and landscape features. Overall, our work shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others. Future efforts to develop tools that inform farmers when habitat conservation truly represents a win–win would benefit from increased understanding of how landscape effects are modulated by local farm management and the biology of pests and their enemies

The Non-phosphorylating Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase GapN Is a Potential New Drug Target in Streptococcus pyogenes

The strict human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes causes infections of varying severity, ranging from self-limiting suppurative infections to life-threatening diseases like necrotizing fasciitis or streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Here, we show that the non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GapN is an essential enzyme for S. pyogenes. GapN converts glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate into 3-phosphoglycerate coupled to the reduction of NADP to NADPH. The knock-down of gapN by antisense peptide nucleic acids (asPNA) significantly reduces viable bacterial counts of S. pyogenes laboratory and macrolide-resistant clinical strains in vitro. As S. pyogenes lacks the oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway, GapN appears to be the major NADPH source for the bacterium. Accordingly, other streptococci that carry a complete pentose phosphate pathway are not prone to asPNA-based gapN knock-down. Determination of the crystal structure of the S. pyogenes GapN apo-enzyme revealed an unusual cis-peptide in proximity to the catalytic binding site. Furthermore, using a structural modeling approach, we correctly predicted competitive inhibition of S. pyogenes GapN by erythrose 4-phosphate, indicating that our structural model can be used for in silico screening of specific GapN inhibitors. In conclusion, the data provided here reveal that GapN is a potential target for antimicrobial substances that selectively kill S. pyogenes and other streptococci that lack the oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway

Mutations in the Human UBR1 Gene and the Associated Phenotypic Spectrum

Johanson-Blizzard syndrome (JBS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, typical facial features, dental anomalies, hypothyroidism, sensorineural hearing loss, scalp defects, urogenital and anorectal anomalies, short stature, and cognitive impairment of variable degree. This syndrome is caused by a defect of the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR1, which is part of the proteolytic N-end rule pathway. Herein, we review previously reported (n=29) and a total of 31 novel UBR1 mutations in relation to the associated phenotype in patients from 50 unrelated families. Mutation types include nonsense, frameshift, splice site, missense, and small in-frame deletions consistent with the hypothesis that loss of UBR1 protein function is the molecular basis of JBS. There is an association of missense mutations and small in-frame deletions with milder physical abnormalities and a normal intellectual capacity, thus suggesting that at least some of these may represent hypomorphic UBR1 alleles. the review of clinical data of a large number of molecularly confirmed JBS cases allows us to define minimal clinical criteria for the diagnosis of JBS. for all previously reported and novel UBR1 mutations together with their clinical data, a mutation database has been established at LOVD.German Research FoundationUniv Hosp Magdeburg, Inst Human Genet, D-39120 Magdeburg, GermanyUniv Hosp Erlangen, Inst Human Genet, Erlangen, GermanyHosp Nacl Ninos Dr Carlos Saenz Herrera, Dept Med, San Jose, Costa RicaKlinikum Bremen Mitte, Bremen, GermanyCHU Vaudois, Dept Med Genet, CH-1011 Lausanne, SwitzerlandUniv Hosp, Dept Pediat Surg, Poitiers, FranceHosp La Fe, Dept Pediat, E-46009 Valencia, SpainAMC Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat Genet, Amsterdam, NetherlandsVanderbilt Univ, Monroe Carell Jr Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Nashville, TN 37235 USACleveland Clin, Genom Med Inst, Cleveland, OH 44106 USAGuys Hosp, London SE1 9RT, EnglandKariminejad Najmabadi Pathol & Genet Ctr, Tehran, IranGreenwood Genet Ctr, Greenwood, SC 29646 USAUmea Univ, Dept Med Biosci Med & Clin Genet, Umea, SwedenWomens & Childrens Hosp, SA Clin Genet Serv, Adelaide, SA, AustraliaStiftung Deutsch Klin Diagnost GmbH, Fachbereich Kinder & Jugendmed, Wiesbaden, GermanyUniv São Paulo, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilUniv British Columbia, Dept Pediat, Div Biochem Dis, BC Childrens Hosp, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, CanadaCtr Human Genet, Ingelheim, GermanyNanjing Med Univ, Nanjing Childrens Hosp, Dept Digest Dis, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaUniv Klinikum Bonn, Zentrum Kinderheilkunde, Bonn, GermanyUniv Tehran Med Sci, Childrens Med Ctr, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, IranUniv Tehran Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Tehran, IranKing Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Dept Genet, Riyadh 11211, Saudi ArabiaOndokuz Mayis Univ, Dept Med, Samsun, TurkeyOndokuz Mayis Univ, Dept Pediat Genet, Samsun, TurkeyAl Thawra Teaching Hosp, Dept Pediat, Sanaa, YemenHosp Gen Mexico City, Fac Med, Dept Human Genet, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniv Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Med Genet, Utrecht, NetherlandsNatl Childrens Hosp, San Jose, Costa RicaSisli Etfal Res Hosp, Dept Med Genet, Istanbul, TurkeyNizams Inst Med Sci, Dept Med Genet, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaMaulana Azad Med Coll, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, IndiaDeenanath Mangeshkar Hosp & Res Ctr, Dept Genet, Erandawane, IndiaMinist Hlth, Dept Pediat, Manama, BahrainUniv Fed Bahia, Fac Med, Hosp Univ Prof Edgar Santos, Pediat Endocrinol Unit, Salvador, BA, BrazilErnst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Univ Med, Dept Med A, Greifswald, GermanyTech Univ Munich, Else Kroner Fresenius Zentrum Ernahrungsmed, Freising Weihenstephan, GermanyTech Univ Munich, Zent Inst Ernahrungs & Lebensmittelforsch, Freising Weihenstephan, GermanyTech Univ Munich, Klinikum Rechts Isar, Dept Pediat, D-80290 Munich, GermanyGerman Research Foundation: DFG ZE 524/2-3Web of Scienc

Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition.

The idea that noncrop habitat enhances pest control and represents a win-win opportunity to conserve biodiversity and bolster yields has emerged as an agroecological paradigm. However, while noncrop habitat in landscapes surrounding farms sometimes benefits pest predators, natural enemy responses remain heterogeneous across studies and effects on pests are inconclusive. The observed heterogeneity in species responses to noncrop habitat may be biological in origin or could result from variation in how habitat and biocontrol are measured. Here, we use a pest-control database encompassing 132 studies and 6,759 sites worldwide to model natural enemy and pest abundances, predation rates, and crop damage as a function of landscape composition. Our results showed that although landscape composition explained significant variation within studies, pest and enemy abundances, predation rates, crop damage, and yields each exhibited different responses across studies, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing in landscapes with more noncrop habitat but overall showing no consistent trend. Thus, models that used landscape-composition variables to predict pest-control dynamics demonstrated little potential to explain variation across studies, though prediction did improve when comparing studies with similar crop and landscape features. Overall, our work shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others. Future efforts to develop tools that inform farmers when habitat conservation truly represents a win-win would benefit from increased understanding of how landscape effects are modulated by local farm management and the biology of pests and their enemies

A genome-wide investigation of the worldwide invader Sargassum muticum shows high success albeit (almost) no genetic diversity

Twenty years of genetic studies of marine invaders have shown that successful invaders are often characterized by native and introduced populations displaying similar levels of genetic diversity. This pattern is presumably due to high propagule pressure and repeated introductions. The opposite pattern is reported in this study of the brown seaweed, Sargassum muticum, an emblematic species for circumglobal invasions. Albeit demonstrating polymorphism in the native range, microsatellites failed to detect any genetic variation over 1,269 individuals sampled from 46 locations over the Pacific-Atlantic introduction range. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from ddRAD sequencing revealed some genetic variation, but confirmed severe founder events in both the Pacific and Atlantic introduction ranges. Our study thus exemplifies the need for extreme caution in interpreting neutral genetic diversity as a proxy for invasive potential. Our results confirm a previously hypothesized transoceanic secondary introduction from NE Pacific to Europe. However, the SNP panel unexpectedly revealed two additional distinct genetic origins of introductions. Also, conversely to scenarios based on historical records, southern rather than northern NE Pacific populations could have seeded most of the European populations. Finally, the most recently introduced populations showed the lowest selfing rates, suggesting higher levels of recombination might be beneficial at the early stage of the introduction process (i.e., facilitating evolutionary novelties), whereas uniparental reproduction might be favored later in sustainably established populations (i.e., sustaining local adaptation).Agence Nationale de la Recherche - ANR-10-BTBR-04; European Regional Development Fund; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia - SFRH/BPD/107878/2015, UID/Multi/04326/2016, UID/Multi/04326/2019; Brittany Region;info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Neotropical xenarthrans: a dataset of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics.

International audienceXenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions forecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosys-tem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts withdomestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their fulldistribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths.Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae(3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data onDasypus pilo-sus(Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized,but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In thisdata paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence andquantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is fromthe southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of theNeotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regardinganteaters,Myrmecophaga tridactylahas the most records (n=5,941), andCyclopessp. havethe fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data isDasypus novemcinctus(n=11,588), and the fewest data are recorded forCalyptophractus retusus(n=33). Withregard to sloth species,Bradypus variegatushas the most records (n=962), andBradypus pyg-maeushas the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to makeoccurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly ifwe integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, andNeotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure,habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possiblewith the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data inpublications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are usingthese data

Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition

The idea that noncrop habitat enhances pest control and represents a win–win opportunity to conserve biodiversity and bolster yields has emerged as an agroecological paradigm. However, while noncrop habitat in landscapes surrounding farms sometimes benefits pest predators, natural enemy responses remain heterogeneous across studies and effects on pests are inconclusive. The observed heterogeneity in species responses to noncrop habitat may be biological in origin or could result from variation in how habitat and biocontrol are measured. Here, we use a pest-control database encompassing 132 studies and 6,759 sites worldwide to model natural enemy and pest abundances, predation rates, and crop damage as a function of landscape composition. Our results showed that although landscape composition explained significant variation within studies, pest and enemy abundances, predation rates, crop damage, and yields each exhibited different responses across studies, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing in landscapes with more noncrop habitat but overall showing no consistent trend. Thus, models that used landscape-composition variables to predict pest-control dynamics demonstrated little potential to explain variation across studies, though prediction did improve when comparing studies with similar crop and landscape features. Overall, our work shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others. Future efforts to develop tools that inform farmers when habitat conservation truly represents a win–win would benefit from increased understanding of how landscape effects are modulated by local farm management and the biology of pests and their enemies