Water temperature variability analysis along the Espinheiro Channel

Mestrado em Meteorologia e Oceanografia FísicaO canal do Espinheiro é um dos quatro principais canais da Ria de Aveiro, fazendo a ligação entre o Rio Vouga e o Oceano Atlântico. Nesta zona é onde se dá a mistura entre a água salgada proveniente do oceano e a água doce de origem fluvial. Para fazer a monitorização da temperatura da água no Canal do Espinheiro foi utilizada uma nova tecnologia que consiste num cabo de fibra óptica longitudinal de 10 km de extensão, com 18 sensores de temperatura espaçados de 500 m, desde a embocadura até à foz do Rio Vouga. Resultados de um ano de monitorização da temperatura da água permitiram estudar a sua variabilidade espacial e temporal em função de dois forçamentos principais: maré e condições meteorológicas. A evolução temporal longitudinal da temperatura da água foi estudada, tendo sido aplicadas técnicas matemáticas, tais como: análise espectral, análise espectral cruzada e funções empíricas ortogonais (EOFs). A análise espectral mostra picos de maior energia que surgem nas frequências semi-diurnas e diurnas. Estas frequências podem estar relacionadas com a variação diurna da temperatura do ar e da maré, mostrando a importância das variáveis meteorológicas na modulação da temperatura da água em regiões pouco profundas. A análise espectral cruzada permitiu avaliar o desfasamento temporal entre a temperatura da água e do ar, que varia conforme a profundidade do local. Também permitiu observar que a maré tem uma grande influência na distribuição da temperatura da água, nomeadamente perto da embocadura da laguna. As EOFs mostram que a variabilidade da temperatura da água pode ser explicada maioritariamente pela primeira componente, que está relacionada com a variação anual da temperatura do ar. Os resultados mostram que os dois forçamentos principais (maré e condições meteorológicas) determinam a temperatura da água no interior do canal do Espinheiro. Verifica-se ainda que a distribuição da temperatura da água é influenciada também pela variação sazonal das condições meteorológicas e pelas variações de profundidade do canal, que apresenta zonas de reduzida profundidade. ABSTRACT: The Espinheiro channel is one of the four main branches of Ria de Aveiro, establishing the connection between the Vouga River and the Atlantic Ocean. This zone is where occurs the mixing between the salt water from the ocean and the freshwater from fluvial origin. In order to monitoring the water temperature in the Espinheiro channel a new technology was used, consisting on an optical-fibre longitudinal cable 10 km long with 18 temperature sensors separated by 500 m, from the mouth of the lagoon to the mouth of Vouga River. Results of a one year monitoring of water temperature permitted to study its spatial and temporal variability in terms of two major forcing: tides and meteorological conditions. The temporal evolution of the longitudinal water temperature was studied, and mathematical techniques, such as spectral analysis, cross-spectral analysis and Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) were applied to the data. The spectral analysis shows high energy peaks in both semidiurnal and diurnal frequencies. These frequencies may be related to the daily variation and tidal forcing, demonstrating the importance of the meteorological variables in the modulation of the water temperature in shallow areas. The cross-spectral analysis permitted to evaluate the time lag between the water and air temperature, which varies depending on the local depth. It also permitted to observe that the tide has a great influence on the water temperature distribution, particularly near the mouth of the lagoon. EOFs show that the variability of the water temperature can be explained by the first component, which is closely related to the annual variation of the air temperature. The results show the importance of the two major forcings (tides and meteorological conditions) that determine the water temperature within the Espinheiro channel. It can also be observed that the water temperature distribution is also influenced by the seasonal variation of meteorological conditions and by the channel’s depth variation, which presents very shallow areas

Modelação da intrusão da pluma do rio Minho nas rias baixas

Doutoramento em Ciências do Mar e do AmbienteThe Minho River, situated 30 km south of the Rias Baixas is the most important freshwater source flowing into the Western Galician Coast (NW of the Iberian Peninsula). This discharge is important to determine the hydrological patterns adjacent to its mouth, particularly close to the Galician coastal region. The buoyancy generated by the Minho plume can flood the Rias Baixas for long periods, reversing the normal estuarine density gradients. Thus, it becomes important to analyse its dynamics as well as the thermohaline patterns of the areas affected by the freshwater spreading. Thus, the main aim of this work was to study the propagation of the Minho estuarine plume to the Rias Baixas, establishing the conditions in which this plume affects the circulation and hydrographic features of these coastal systems, through the development and application of the numerical model MOHID. For this purpose, the hydrographic features of the Rias Baixas mouths were studied. It was observed that at the northern mouths, due to their shallowness, the heat fluxes between the atmosphere and ocean are the major forcing, influencing the water temperature, while at the southern mouths the influence of the upwelling events and the Minho River discharge were more frequent. The salinity increases from south to north, revealing that the observed low values may be caused by the Minho River freshwater discharge. An assessment of wind data along the Galician coast was carried out, in order to evaluate the applicability of the study to the dispersal of the Minho estuarine plume. Firstly, a comparative analysis between winds obtained from land meteorological stations and offshore QuikSCAT satellite were performed. This comparison revealed that satellite data constitute a good approach to study wind induced coastal phenomena. However, since the numerical model MOHID requires wind data with high spatial and temporal resolution close to the coast, results of the forecasted model WRF were added to the previous study. The analyses revealed that the WRF model data is a consistent tool to obtain representative wind data near the coast, showing good results when comparing with in situ wind observations from oceanographic buoys. To study the influence of the Minho buoyant discharge influence on the Rias Baixas, a set of three one-way nested models was developed and implemented, using the numerical model MOHID. The first model domain is a barotropic model and includes the whole Iberian Peninsula coast. The second and third domains are baroclinic models, where the second domain is a coarse representation of the Rias Baixas and adjacent coastal area, while the third includes the same area with a higher resolution. A bi-dimensional model was also implemented in the Minho estuary, in order to quantify the flow (and its properties) that the estuary injects into the ocean. The chosen period for the Minho estuarine plume propagation validation was the spring of 1998, since a high Minho River discharge was reported, as well as favourable wind patterns to advect the estuarine plume towards the Rias Baixas, and there was field data available to compare with the model predictions. The obtained results show that the adopted nesting methodology was successful implemented. Model predictions reproduce accurately the hydrodynamics and thermohaline patterns on the Minho estuary and Rias Baixas. The importance of the Minho river discharge and the wind forcing in the event of May 1998 was also studied. The model results showed that a continuous moderate Minho River discharge combined with southerly winds is enough to reverse the Rias Baixas circulation pattern, reducing the importance of the occurrence of specific events of high runoff values. The conditions in which the estuarine plume Minho affects circulation and hydrography of the Rias Baixas were evaluated. The numerical results revealed that the Minho estuarine plume responds rapidly to wind variations and is also influenced by the bathymetry and morphology of the coastline. Without wind forcing, the plume expands offshore, creating a bulge in front of the river mouth. When the wind blows southwards, the main feature is the offshore extension of the plume. Otherwise, northward wind spreads the river plume towards the Rias Baixas. The plume is confined close to the coast, reaching the Rias Baixas after 1.5 days. However, for Minho River discharges higher than 800 m3 s-1, the Minho estuarine plume reverses the circulation patterns in the Rias Baixas. It was also observed that the wind stress and Minho River discharge are the most important factors influencing the size and shape of the Minho estuarine plume. Under the same conditions, the water exchange between Rias Baixas was analysed following the trajectories particles released close to the Minho River mouth. Over 5 days, under Minho River discharges higher than 2100 m3 s-1 combined with southerly winds of 6 m s-1, an intense water exchange between Rias was observed. However, only 20% of the particles found in Ria de Pontevedra come directly from the Minho River. In summary, the model application developed in this study contributed to the characterization and understanding of the influence of the Minho River on the Rias Baixas circulation and hydrography, highlighting that this methodology can be replicated to other coastal systems.O Rio Minho, situado a 30 km a sul das Rias Baixas, é o rio mais importante que desagua na costa ocidental Galega (NO da Península Ibérica). A descarga da água doce proveniente deste rio é importante para a determinação dos padrões hidrológicos adjacentes à sua foz, particularmente perto das regiões costeiras galegas. Esta água doce pode inundar as Rias Baixas por períodos prolongados, invertendo a distribuição normal de densidade. Deste modo, é fundamental caracterizar a dinâmica da pluma do Rio Minho, assim como os padrões termohalinos das áreas afetadas pela sua dispersão. Assim, os principais objetivos deste trabalho consistiram no estudo da propagação da pluma estuarina do Minho em direção às Rias Baixas, e na deteção das condições nas quais esta afeta a circulação e as características hidrográficas destes sistemas costeiros, através do desenvolvimento e aplicação do modelo numérico MOHID. Com este propósito avaliaram-se inicialmente as características hidrográficas das embocaduras das Rias Baixas. Verificou-se então que, no caso das embocaduras norte, devido à sua reduzida profundidade, os fluxos de calor entre a atmosfera e o oceano são o forçamento principal que determina a temperatura da agua, enquanto que nas embocaduras sul os eventos de afloramento costeiro e a descarga de água doce são os fatores determinantes mais frequentes. Observou-se ainda um aumento de salinidade de sul para norte, o que indica que os menores valores detetados poderão ser explicados pela descarga de água doce proveniente do Rio Minho. Seguidamente efetuou-se uma avaliação de dados de vento na costa Galega, com o objetivo de verificar a sua aplicabilidade no estudo da dispersão da pluma estuarina do Minho. Inicialmente compararam-se ventos medidos ao longo da costa em estações meteorológicas terrestres, com ventos medidos ao largo pelo satélite QuikSCAT. Esta análise permitiu estabelecer que os dados do satélite são uma boa aproximação no estudo de fenómenos costeiros induzidos pelo vento. No entanto, visto que para forçar o modelo numérico MOHID são necessários dados de vento com grande resolução espácio-temporal perto da costa, acrescentou-se ao estudo anterior dados resultantes de simulações de um modelo de previsão (WRF). Da comparação com os dados provenientes de boias oceanográficas, conclui-se que a melhor base de dados para representação do vento perto da costa provém do modelo WRF. Para efetuar o estudo da influência da pluma estuarina do Minho nas Rias Baixas, foi desenvolvido e implementado um sistema de modelação integrado de três níveis encaixados, baseado na utilização do modelo numérico MOHID. O primeiro domínio é um modelo de maré barotrópico, englobando toda a costa da Península Ibérica. O segundo e o terceiro domínios são modelos baroclínicos tridimensionais, sendo o segundo uma representação grosseira das Rias Baixas e da costa adjacente, enquanto que o terceiro domínio inclui a mesma área com maior resolução. Neste âmbito, foi também implementado em modo 2D um modelo para o estuário do Minho, de forma a quantificar o fluxo (e as suas propriedades) que o estuário injeta no oceano. Devido à disponibilidade de dados foi escolhido o período de maio de 1998 para a validação da implementação numérica desenvolvida, efetuando a simulação da propagação da pluma estuarina do Minho para este período. Note-se que durante esta época foi detetada uma descarga elevada do Rio Minho, bem como ventos favoráveis à dispersão da pluma em direção as Rias Baixas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a metodologia de modelos encaixados foi implementada com sucesso, uma vez que os modelos reproduzem com precisão aceitável os padrões hidrodinâmicos e termohalinos do estuário do Minho e das Rias Baixas. Também foi avaliada a importância da descarga do Rio Minho e do vento no evento de maio de 1998. Os resultados revelaram que uma descarga moderada e contínua combinada com ventos de sul é suficiente para inverter o padrão de circulação das Rias Baixas, reduzindo a importância da existência de eventos específicos de elevado caudal. No âmbito do objetivo princial deste estudo, foram avaliadas as condições nas quais a pluma estuarina do Minho afeta a circulação e hidrografia das Rias Baixas. Os resultados numéricos indicaram que a dispersão da pluma estuarina do Minho responde rapidamente as variações do vento e às variações de batimetria e morfologia da linha de costa. Sem vento, a pluma expande-se para o largo, criando um bojo em frente da embocadura do rio. Sob condições de vento de norte, a pluma estende-se numa maior dimensão para o largo. Por outro lado, sob condições de vento de sul, a pluma fica confinada junto à costa, chegando às Rias Baixas ao fim de um dia e meio. No entanto, para descargas do Rio Minho superiores a 800 m3 s-1, a pluma estuarina do Minho inverte os padrões de circulação das Rias Baixas. Verificou-se também que a variabilidade do vento e da descarga do Rio Minho são os fatores que mais influenciam o tamanho e forma da pluma. Sob as mesmas condições analisou-se a troca de água nas Rias Baixas seguindo a trajetória de partículas lancadas perto da embocadura do estuário do Minho. Para descargas do Rio Minho superiores a 2100 m3 s-1 combinadas com ventos de sul de 6 m s-1 e numa escala superior a cinco dias, observou-se uma intensa troca de água entre as Rias. Cerca de 20% das partículas detetadas na Ria de Pontevedra provêm diretamente do Rio Minho. Em suma, a aplicação do modelo desenvolvido neste trabalho contribuiu para o conhecimento da influencia do Rio Minho na circulação e hidrografia das Rias Baixas, evidenciando que esta metodologia também pode ser replicada para outros sistemas costeiros

Projections of wind energy resources in the Caribbean for the 21st century

The Caribbean has suitable conditions for a significant wind energy development, which makes a good planning for the future renewable energy mix essential. The impact of climate change on Caribbean wind power has been analyzed by means of an ensemble of CORDEX regional climate models (RCMs) under the RCP8.5 warming scenario. The offshore wind energy resource was classified for the historical period and for the future considering wind energy factors, environmental risk factors and cost factors whose weights were estimated by a Delphi method. Future projections show a maximum annual wind increase, ∼0.4 ms −1 (8%), in most of the Caribbean, except in the Yucatán Basin. This increment occurs mainly during the wet season, ∼0.5 ms −1 (∼10%), associated with changes in the extension of the North Atlantic Subtropical High, which will strengthen the Caribbean low-level jet. Additionally, the moderate wind increase, ∼0.2 ms −1 (∼4%), projected during the dry season is restricted to the southeastern coast and it is associated with an increment in the land-ocean temperature difference (∼1 °C), which will intensify local easterly winds. The low-level jet region was classified as the richest wind energy resource in the Caribbean for the future with a larger extension compared to the historical period.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2017/64Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. SFRH/BPD/97320/2013Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. SFRH/BPD/118142/2016Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. SFRH/BPD/99707/201

Historical and future naturalization of Magallana gigas in the Galician coast in a context of climate change

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUGMagallana gigas is a naturalized species on the north coast of Galicia (Rías Altas, Northwest Iberian Peninsula), where it was unintentionally introduced. In recent decades, a greater abundance of M. gigas has been observed on the Galician coast, expanding towards the south, reaching the Artabro Gulf (Rías Centrales, NW Galician coast), probably due to ocean warming. Although this species has been cultivated in the Rías Baixas since the early 1990s and spawning has been reported, recruitment was never observed, which is likely due to the cold water upwelled during the spawning months. The future rise in seawater temperature may favor the naturalization of the non-indigenous species M. gigas southwards, in the Rías Baixas. Thermally, the Ría de Arousa seems to be the most favorable estuary for the future settlement of M. gigas, which may occur in the next decades. The extent of thermally favorable zones within estuaries is projected to increase rapidly by mid-century, and reaching 100 % of the estuarine area by the end of the century. As has already happened in other areas of the world, the expansion and naturalization of the Pacific oyster on the Galician coast will likely affect the native communities and economic activities, making it necessary to implement monitoring and management strategies to mitigate its effect.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B-2021-103Xunta de Galicia-FEDER | Ref. ED431C 2021/44Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UIDP/50017/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UIDB/50017/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. LA/ P/0094/202

Does global warming threaten small-scale bivalve fisheries in NW Spain?

Shellfisheries of the intertidal and shallow subtidal infaunal bivalves Ruditapes decussatus, Ruditapes philippinarum, Venerupis corrugata and Cerastoderma edule are of great socio-economic importance (in terms of landings) in Europe, specifically in the Galician Rías Baixas (NW Spain). However, ocean warming may threaten these fisheries by modifying the geographic distribution of the species and thus affecting productive areas. The present study analysed the impact of rising ocean temperature on the geographical distribution of the thermal comfort areas of these bivalves throughout the 21st century. The Delft3D model was used to downscale climate data from CORDEX and CMIP5 and was run for July and August in three future periods (2025–2049, 2050–2074 and 2075–2099) under the RCP8.5 scenario. The areas with optimal temperature conditions for shellfish harvesting located in the middle and outer parts of the rias may increase in the near future for R. decussatus, V. corrugata and C. edule and decrease in the far future for R. philippinarum. Moreover, shellfish beds located in the shallower areas of the inner parts of the Rías Baixas could be affected by increased water temperature, reducing the productive areas of the four species by the end of the century. The projected changes in thermal condition will probably lead to changes in shellfish harvesting modality (on foot or aboard vessels) with further socio-economic consequences.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B-2021-103Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2021/44Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2021/42Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CTM2014-51935-RFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UIDP/50017/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UIDB/50017/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. LA/P/0094/2020Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Modelling the distribution of microplastics released by wastewater treatment plants in Ria de Vigo (NW Iberian Peninsula)

The accumulation of plastic waste in estuaries is growing due to the increase in their use in daily life and their inadequate treatment on wastewater plants (WWTPs). Hydrodynamic and particle-tracking models were validated and used to improve the knowledge about the distribution and concentration of microplastics released by WWTPs in the Ria de Vigo. Results showed that the Vigo WWTP is the main driver of microplastics to the Ria de Vigo. Besides, 21% of the released microplastics reach the adjacent ocean, 24% remain anchored around the Cies Islands, and a negligible percentage reaches the upper estuary when the emission occurs under ebb on spring tide conditions. A negligible number of released microplastics is exported to the nearby ocean when the emission occurs under neap tide conditions. This research can provide a useful tool to support the identification of monitoring processes and debris removal.Interreg project | Ref. 0262_MARRISK_1_EFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. SFRH/BD/114919/2016Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UIDP/50017/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UIDB/50017/2020Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2017/6

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research