Dimensões sociais e organizacionais do trabalho por turnos

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia (área de especialização em Psicologia do Trabalho, das Organizações e Recursos Humanos)O trabalho por turnos encontra-se associado a vários efeitos. Estes podem ser biológicos, sociais e organizacionais. Esses efeitos podem ser influenciados por vários factores, podendo estes ser de natureza individual e/ou situacional. Esta investigação centra-se nos factores de natureza situacional, nomeadamente na compreensão da sua influência na adaptação ao trabalho por turnos assim como nas consequências deste tipo de laboração ao nível social e organizacional. Para a realização deste estudo comparativo foi utilizada uma amostra de 239 trabalhadores de uma indústria têxtil sujeitos a quatro tipos diferentes de arranjos horários: turno normal (08h- 12:30h/13:30h-17h), 1º turno (06h-14h), 2º turno (14h-22h) e 3º turno (22h-06h). O estudo dividiu-se em duas fases distintas: na 1ª fase foram realizadas entrevistas exploratórias a membros de casais (ambos trabalhadores da mesma empresa), nos quais pelo menos um deles estava sujeito ao regime de trabalho por turnos; na 2ª fase foi aplicado um questionário composto por várias escalas susceptíveis de avaliar as variáveis em questão. Os resultados mostraram que a esfera familiar/social, assim como a organizacional, surtem efeito no modo como os trabalhadores se adaptam a estes regimes horários. Foram ainda detectadas diferenças ao nível dos resultados entre os 4 de turnos de trabalho, nomeadamente ao nível da satisfação com o horário de trabalho, suporte da organização, vida fora da empresa, conciliação horário de trabalho/vida familiar e conciliação horário de trabalho/vida conjugal.Shift work has show to associate itself with different effects. Those can be biological, social or organizational. They can be influenced by several factors, which can be individual and/or situational in nature. This research work centers itself on the situational factors, namely the understanding of their influence on the adaptation to shift work, as well as on the consequences that this kind of activity has at the social and organizational levels. A sample of 239 workers from a textile factory was used in this study, subject to four types of schedule: normal shift (8AM-12:30PM/1:30PM-5PM), first shift (6AM-2PM), second shift (2PM- 10PM) and third shift (10PM-6AM). Work has been carried out in two different phases: in the first phase, exploratory interviews to couple members (both working for the same company) were made, in which at least one of the parts was doing shift work; in the second phase, a questionnaire composed of several scales that were likely to correctly evaluate the variables in question was applied. The results have shown that the family/social sphere, as well as the organizational one, have an effect in the way workers adapt to different schedules. Moreover, discrepancies were detected between the results concerning the four different schedules, namely in terms of satisfaction regarding the timetable, organizational support, life outside work and balancing work and family as well as work and conjugal life

Shiftwork schedules: from effect’s evaluation to intervention possibilities

Ancorado numa investigação mais alargada sobre os efeitos do trabalho por turnos, o presente trabalho propõe-se contribuir para a discussão de possibilidades de intervenção nesta problemática, considerando especialmente o papel do contexto organizacional. Tal discussão é feita a partir da referência a três estudos realizados em empresas industriais, nos quais, foram avaliados alguns dos efeitos tipicamente associados ao trabalho por turnos na saúde, vida familiar e social e avaliação da satisfação com o próprio turno de trabalho. No conjunto das três empresas estiveram envolvidos 859 trabalhadores/as por turnos. Os dados foram recolhidos através de questionário, integrando este escalas publicadas na literatura ou desenvolvidas pela equipa de investigação. As análises de correlações efetuadas indicaram uma associação estatisticamente significativa e no sentido esperado entre a perceção do suporte do contexto organizacional e os efeitos avaliados. Especificamente, tal associação oscilou entre -.19 com os “problemas de sono” e .47 com a interface com a “vida fora da empresa”. Além da relevância das práticas de gestão que podem ser usadas pelas organizações, são apresentadas/discutidas outras possibilidades de intervenção. Em ambos os casos, o enfoque permanece no suporte que pode ser proporcionado pelo contexto organizacional na promoção da adaptação a esta modalidade horária de trabalho.Anchored on a wider research on the shiftwork effects, this study aims to contribute to the discussion of intervention possibilities in this issue considering, in particular, the role of the organizational context. This discussion is made with reference to three studies conducted in industrial companies which assessed some of the effects that are typically associated with shiftwork: effects on health, family and social life and satisfaction with the work shift. In the three companies 859 shift workers were involved. Data were gathered from a survey (the scales used in the survey included scales published in the literature and other developed by the research team). The correlation analysis indicated a statistically significant association between the perception of organizational support and the assessed effects. This association varied between -.19 with “sleep problems” and .47 with the interface with “life outside the company”. Beyond the relevance of management practices that can be used by organizations, other possibilities of intervention are presented/discussed. In both cases, the focus remains on the support that may be provided by the organizational context by promoting the adaptation to this work schedule

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Trabajo por turnos y dimensiones sociales : un estudio en la industria têxtil

O trabalho em turnos tem sido associado a diversas consequências na vida dos trabalhadores. Este estudo analisa as consequências do trabalho em turnos ao nível familiar, social e organizacional e de que forma tais dimensões podem interferir na adaptação a estes horários. Foi utilizada uma amostra de 239 trabalhadores de uma empresa têxtil portuguesa, distribuídos pelos seguintes horários: convencional (08h-12h30/13h30-17h), turno da manhã (06h/14h), turno da tarde (14h/22h) e turno da noite (22h/06h). Na coleta de dados foi usado um questionário para avaliar, entre outros aspectos, a relação do horário de trabalho com a vida conjugal, a vida social ou o apoio da empresa. Os resultados apontam para uma preferência dos trabalhadores relativamente ao turno da manhã, tendo este obtido os melhores scores em todos os aspectos. O horário convencional, por sua vez, apresenta os scores mais reduzidos. Genericamente, os resultados apontam para a importância de dimensões sociais na gestão do tempo de trabalho.Shiftwork and social dimensions: A study in the textile industry. Shiftwork has been associated to several consequences on the lives of workers. This study analyzes such consequences at the family, social and organizational levels, and how these dimensions may affect the workers’ adaptation to these work schedules. A sample of 239 workers from a Portuguese textile factory was used in this study, subject to four types of work schedule: standard (8 a.m.-12:30 p.m./1:30 p.m.-5 p.m.), morning shift (6 a.m.-2 p.m.), evening shift (2 p.m.-10 p.m.) and night shift (10 p.m.-6 a.m.). Data were collected by means of a questionnaire which evaluated, among other things, the relationship between working time and conjugal life, social life or organizational support. Results indicate that workers have a preference for the morning shift which achieved the best scores in all aspects. The standard work schedule in turn shows the lowest scores. In a general way, results point to the importance of the social dimensions in the management of working time.Trabajo por turnos y dimensiones sociales: Un estudio en la industria textil. El trabajo por turnos se asocia con varias consecuencias para la vida de los trabajadores. Este estudio examina los efectos del trabajo por turnos a nivel familiar, social y organizacional, y de cómo estas dimensiones pueden interferir con la adaptación a estos horarios. Participaron 239 trabajadores de una empresa textil, distribuidos por horarios: convencional (08h-12h30/13h30-17h), turno de mañana (06h/14h), turno de tarde (14h/22h) y turno de noche (22/06h). Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un cuestionario para evaluar, entre otras cosas, la relación entre el tipo de horario y la vida conyugal y social, así como el apoyo de la empresa. Los resultados apuntan para una preferencia de los trabajadores del turno de mañana, teniendo estos trabajadores los mejores resultados en todos los aspectos. Por contrario, los trabajadores del horario convencional tienen los valores más bajos. En general, los resultados apuntan a la importancia de la dimensión social en la gestión del tiempo de trabajo.(undefined

Shiftwork experience: worker's vision of its impacts

Shiftwork, especially the one performed during the night, has been associated with health problems (e.g. sleep and digestive problems, tiredness). Besides effects on health, this work schedule also has been associated with additional troubles in the family and social life. Although the negative impact is the more emphasized perspective in the studies, this work schedule may, however, under some personal circumstances, represent advantages compared to the standard work schedule. In this study, we are shown the main impacts (positive and negative) put into perspective by 184 workers in relation to four work schedules (morning, afternoon, night, and rotating system) based on their own work experience. The data, of a qualitative nature, was achieved when we asked approximately 1,400 shift workers in the industrial sector in six companies from the north of Portugal. Specifically, the data is related to the comments that the workers spontaneously gave about their own experience. Generally speaking, the results indicate that each work schedule is put into perspective as having negative and positive impacts, even if in an asymmetric mode (e.g., at the level of health, the shifts involving night work are evaluated mainly negatively while the afternoon shift is viewed as advantageous). The results also suggest that the variables influencing the experience of shift work are many and diverse

Striatal and nigral pathology in a lentiviral rat model of Machado-Joseph disease

Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is a fatal, dominant neurodegenerative disorder. MJD results from polyglutamine repeat expansion in the MJD-1 gene, conferring a toxic gain of function to the ataxin-3 protein. In this study, we aimed at overexpressing ataxin-3 in the rat brain using lentiviral vectors (LV), to generate an in vivo MJD genetic model and, to study the disorder in defined brain regions: substantia nigra, an area affected in MJD, cortex and striatum, regions not previously reported to be affected in MJD. LV encoding mutant or wild-type human ataxin-3 was injected in the brain of adult rats and the animals were tested for behavioral deficits and neuropathological abnormalities. Striatal pathology was confirmed in transgenic mice and human tissue. In substantia nigra, unilateral overexpression of mutant ataxin-3 led to: apomorphine-induced turning behavior; formation of ubiquitinated ataxin-3 aggregates; alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity; and loss of dopaminergic markers (TH and VMAT2). No neuropathological changes were observed upon wild-type ataxin-3 overexpression. Mutant ataxin-3 expression in striatum and cortex, resulted in accumulation of misfolded ataxin-3, and within striatum, loss of neuronal markers. Striatal pathology was confirmed by observation in MJD transgenic mice of ataxin-3 aggregates and substantial reduction of DARPP-32 immunoreactivity and, in human striata, by ataxin-3 inclusions, immunoreactive for ubiquitin and alpha-synuclein. This study demonstrates the use of LV encoding mutant ataxin-3 to produce a model of MJD and brings evidence of striatal pathology, suggesting that this region may contribute to dystonia and chorea observed in some MJD patients and may represent a target for therapie

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data