Setas urticantes en tarantulas de Uruguay: ¿defensa activa o pasiva?

Most of the New World tarantulas feature specialized setae as a defense mechanism. Two mechanisms of defense have been proposed for the urticating setae (US): active defense against potential predators, and passive defense against other arthropods by incorporating the US to the molting mat and egg sacs. Uruguayan tarantulas present three different US morphological types named: types I, III and IV. It has been proposed that type I is used in passive defense whereas type III serves its purpose in active defense. There are drastic differences of biological characteristics between adult females and males. Females live most of their entire life inside their burrows, while males wander when they reach adulthood, looking for females during the reproductive season. Considering these differences, diverse defense strategies should be expected. To assess the possible role of US in active/ passive defense strategies we have counted the number of US in the abdomen of individuals of four species while making comparisons between sexes. Significant differences were found between males and females of all sampled species, with females showing a predominance of types I (except subtype Ic) or IV setae over other types or subtypes, suggesting these type of US takes part in passive defense.La mayoría de las tarántulas del nuevo mundo presentan setas especializadas como defensa. Dos mecanismos de defensa han sido propuestos para las setas urticantes (US): defensa activa contra potenciales depredadores y defensa pasiva contra otros artrópodos mediante la incorporación de US a las telas de mudas u ootecas. Las tarántulas uruguayas presentan tres tipos morfológicos de US llamados: I, III y IV. Se ha propuesto que el tipo I se utiliza principalmente en defensa pasiva mientras que el tipo III en defensa activa. Hembras y machos adultos presentan diferencias drásticas en su biología. Las hembras permanecen la mayor parte de su vida en sus cuevas mientras que los machos, una vez que se hacen adultos, salen y buscan activamente hembras durante la época reproductiva. Considerando estas diferencias se presumen diferentes estrategias defensivas entre los sexos. Para conocer el uso de los diferentes tipos de US en defensa activa o pasiva se estudiaron las dotaciones de US en individuos de cuatro especies de tarántulas de Uruguay, comparando machos y hembras. Se encontraron diferencias sexuales en todas las especies, las hembras muestran predominancia de US de los tipos I (excepto subtipo Ic) o IV sobre otros tipos y subtipos de US, lo que sugiere su participación en defensa pasiva

Condiciones materiales de vida de los vendedores informales del Centro Histórico de San Salvador, 2019.

El siguiente informe presenta el resultado de la investigación sobre “Las condiciones materiales de vida de los vendedores informales del Centro Histórico de San Salvador”, dividido en 4 capítulos, trabajados en tres etapas dando por inicio la planificación de la investigación, luego la identificación de las técnicas de recolección de datos y la selección de informantes clave, para obtener entrevistas que fueron realizadas a 7 vendedores ambulantes, un representante de la alcaldía de San Salvador y dos representantes de vendedores informales, luego se exponen los resultados de las entrevistas y una triangulación de datos, que permite presentar una propuesta viable para el mejor ordenamiento de los espacios públicos y mejorar la calidad de vida de los vendedores informales, para que haya participación de instituciones gubernamentales y organizaciones, que contribuyan al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de estas personas que por falta de empleo decidieron trabajar de manera informal en las calles, como comerciantes sin tener las condiciones de vida y laborales dignas

Unisolvency for Multivariate Polynomial Interpolation in Coatmèlec Configurations of Nodes

A new and straightforward proof of the unisolvability of the problem of multivariate polynomial interpolation based on Coatmèlec configurations of nodes, a class of properly posed set of nodes defined by hyperplanes, is presented. The proof generalizes a previous one for the bivariate case and is based on a recursive reduction of the problem to simpler ones following the so-called Radon–Bézout process.The authors thank to Drs. Mariano Gasca and Juan I. Ramos for pointing us some references and for their useful comments which have greatly improved the presentation. The authors also thank a reviewer for pointing out a mistake in the original Proof of Lemma 5. The research reported in this paper was partially supported by Project MTM2010-19969 from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain and Grant PAID-06-09-2734 from the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia. M. A. G. M. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education (MEC), Fulbright Commission, and FECYT.García March, MÁ.; Gimenez Palomares, F.; Villatoro, FR.; Pérez Quiles, MJ.; Fernández De Córdoba Castellá, PJ. (2011). Unisolvency for Multivariate Polynomial Interpolation in Coatmèlec Configurations of Nodes. Applied Mathematics and Computation. 217(18):7427-7431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2011.02.034S742774312171

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Genomic study of dilated cardiomyopathy in a group of Mexican patients using site‐directed next generation sequencing

Abstract Background Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of nonischemic heart failure and death in young adults. Next generation sequencing (NGS) has become part of the diagnostic workup in idiopathic and familial DCM. More than 50 DCM genes have been identified, revealing great molecular heterogeneity and variable diagnostic yield. Interpretation of variant pathogenicity is challenging particularly in underrepresented populations, as pathogenic variant databases include studies mainly from European/Caucasian populations. To date, no studies on genomic diagnosis of DCM have been conducted in Mexico. Methods We recruited 55 unrelated DCM patients, 22 familial (F‐DCM), and 33 idiopathic (I‐DCM), and performed site‐directed NGS seeking causal mutations. Diagnostic yield was defined as the proportion of individuals with at least one pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) variant in DCM genes. Results Overall diagnostic yield was 47.3%, and higher in F‐DCM (63.6%) than in I‐DCM (36.4%, p = 0.047). Overall, NGS disclosed 41 variants of clinical interest (61.0% novel), 27 were classified as P/LP and 14 of unknown clinical significance. Of P/LP variants, 10 were A‐band region TTN truncating variants, five were found in DSP (18.5%), five in MYH7 (18.5%), two in LMNA (7.4%), and one in RBM20, ABCC9, FKTN, ACTA1, and TNNT2. NGS findings suggested autosomal recessive inheritance in three families, two with DSP loss of function mutations in affected individuals. The increasing number of mutation reports in DCM, increasing knowledge on the functional consequences of mutations, mutational hotspots and functional domains of DCM‐related proteins, the recent refinement ACMG/ClinGen Guidelines, and co‐segregation analysis in DCM families helped increase the diagnostic yield. Conclusion This is the first NGS study performed in a group of Mexican DCM patients, contributing to understand the mutational spectrum and complexity of DCM molecular diagnosis

Fanconi Anemia Patients from an Indigenous Community in Mexico Carry a New Founder Pathogenic Variant in <i>FANCG</i>

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder caused by pathogenic variants (PV) in at least 22 genes, which cooperate in the Fanconi anemia/Breast Cancer (FA/BRCA) pathway to maintain genome stability. PV in FANCA, FANCC, and FANCG account for most cases (~90%). This study evaluated the chromosomal, molecular, and physical phenotypic findings of a novel founder FANCG PV, identified in three patients with FA from the Mixe community of Oaxaca, Mexico. All patients presented chromosomal instability and a homozygous PV, FANCG: c.511-3_511-2delCA, identified by next-generation sequencing analysis. Bioinformatic predictions suggest that this deletion disrupts a splice acceptor site promoting the exon 5 skipping. Analysis of Cytoscan 750 K arrays for haplotyping and global ancestry supported the Mexican origin and founder effect of the variant, reaffirming the high frequency of founder PV in FANCG. The degree of bone marrow failure and physical findings (described through the acronyms VACTERL-H and PHENOS) were used to depict the phenotype of the patients. Despite having a similar frequency of chromosomal aberrations and genetic constitution, the phenotype showed a wide spectrum of severity. The identification of a founder PV could help for a systematic and accurate genetic screening of patients with FA suspicion in this population

Correction: Whole genome variation in 27 Mexican indigenous populations, demographic and biomedical insights.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249773.]