Evaluation of Emotional Divorce in Male Patients with Urethral Distraction Defect in a Referral Center

Background: Emotional divorce is the first stage of divorce in which the marital relationship deteriorates and the couple's relationship lacks love and affection. Given that the family is one of the foundations of the society, emotional divorce can have devastating effects on society and negative effects on family members. Therefore, it is essential to study this issue. Methods: Patients with Pelvic Fracture Urethral Distraction Defect (PFUDD) admitted consecutively to Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital (Tehran, Iran) from May 2020 to May 2021 were enrolled in the study. In this study all patients were evaluated by two questionnaires: Gottman emotional divorce questionnaire to assess the patient's marital status, and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire to assess the patient's sexual situation.  Results: The mean score for the IIEF-5 scores in the case and control groups were 18.32 and 21.04, respectively. The mean Gottman Scores in the case and control groups were 3.84 and 2.12, respectively. There was no significant difference between IIEF-5 and Gottman Scores between the two groups. Conclusions: Considering the lack of differences between the two groups, it can be inferred that the effect of the spiritual and emotional dimension in strengthening marriage was more than the physical dimension. When a man encounters a physical problem, his wife will play a supportive role and seek to strengthen relationship and solve problems

A bid/mark-up decision support model in contractor's tender strategy development phase based on project complexity measurement in the downstream sector of petroleum industry

The tender process is an inseparable step of the contract award process in the public sector, and from the other point of view, it is one of the crucial elements of the core business of construction contractors. Reviewing previous research reveals a gap in the application of a project’s detailed features and historical data to support the bid/no-bid decision and to determine the cost and time contract mark-ups. In this study, a prescriptive project complexity-based model is proposed to support the bid decision in the tender strategy development phase of a contractor for the downstream sector of the petroleum industry in Iran. For this purpose, regression analysis of historical data is adopted to configure the model and to infer from previous actual trends by exploring relationships between the contractor’s bid decision and proposed mark-ups with the project’s inherent and surrounding complexity factors. Hence, using experts’ opinions and historical data from 139 previous contracts as training and test data, a model was developed to make a decision on a bid and mark-up problem. The results of the model validation show that the credibility of the model is 74.67% and 75.36% for time and cost, respectively, and the reliability of model outputs is approximately 90% overall in predicting the bid mark-ups in accordance with the project complexity index (PCI). The main contribution of this research to current knowledge has two aspects: utilizing the complexity concept for the tender problem in the form of a project complexity index (PCI) and considering both time and cost mark-ups (TMU–CMU) in the contractor’s bid simultaneously. In addition, the results show that the more complex the project is, the higher the bid rate is

Prevalence and risk factors of urethral, penile, and scrotal cancers in Iranian men during 2004-2015: A national cancer registry-based study

Introduction: Urethral, penile, and scrotal cancers are rare and represent less than 1% of all malignancies. However, they are associated with a high mortality rate and have a significant effect on patients’ quality of life. Penile and urethral cancers comprise 0.6% of all urological cancers. Because of ethnic, geographical, and cultural diversity, risk factors and cancer patterns vary in different communities. We aimed to provide valid information on the prevalence, incidence, and epidemiology of urethral, penile, and scrotal cancers using the National Registry on Cancer of Iran. Methods: This retrospective study of 465 patients included all known cases of urethral, penile, and scrotal cancers from the Department of National Registry on Cancer at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran during 2004-2015. This study examined the demographic characteristics of patients and discussed the risk factors and possible causes of the above-mentioned cancers. Results: The mean ±SD age at the time of registration was 58.49±20.82 years. The highest and lowest proportions of cases belonged to Tehran/Alborz (14.2%) and Mazandaran (0.65%) provinces, Iran, respectively. Regarding the distribution of records according to a year of registration, these cancers were more prevalent in 2014, and less prevalent in 2004. Conclusion: Urethral, penile, and scrotal cancers were more common in Tehran and Alborz. There was a strong possibility that the prevalence of these cancers is linked to the industrial nature of Tehran and Alborz and the prevalence of human papillomavirus

The incidence of complications of vaccination in children and infants of Semnan, Iran

Introduction: Vaccination has achieved significant and cost effective success in prevention ofinfectious disease. Although the current vaccines used are very effective and their side effects areminimal, generally no vaccine is not free from side effects. Incidence of adverse reactions afterimmunization may discourage people for further immunization of their children. The aim of this workwas to determine the incidence of complications of vaccination in children and infants of Semnan, Iran.Materials and methods: In a longitudinal study (prospective), all vaccinated children betweenSeptember 2006 and March 2007 in 11 vaccination centers were studied. A specific questionnaire,including vaccine recipient profile, type of vaccine, birth weight, feeding and 46 adverse reactions werecompleted immediately after and 2,4,6,12,18 months later.Results: 5776 children were studied. 29% of the children showed at least one adverse reaction ofvaccination. The most common adverse reactions were: fever (24%), pain at injection site (3.8%),swelling (2.5%), erythema (2.5%), induration (2.1%), and ulceration at injection site (2.1%). Incidence ofother complications was below 1%. The most dangerous complication of the vaccine was encephalitis(one case) and two cases had febrile seizures. The most cause of hospitalization was adverse reaction ofMMR vaccine. Finally, of every four children, one child showed at least one complication that fever wasthe most common.Conclusion: In general, routine immunization program of Iran country against nine common infectiousdiseases has lower complications. This complication is mainly mild and transient and do not need anyintervention by drugs. However, among these may be rare and dangerous complications such as seizuresand encephalitis occur. Hence, a careful follow-up program is required to report complications ofimmunizatio