Applied Mathematics for Pharmaceutical Problems Using Robotics as Assistive Tools for Learning: A Comprehensive Review

Smart machine endures getting smarter as they are going to access more about the facts and pieces of evidence that make our work even more authentic than before. The term “robot” was created in 1920 by Czechoslovakian playwright Karel Capek and has been a principal point in science fiction ever since. Pharmacy automation involves machine-driven or mechanical processes of distributing, dispensing and managing medications. Pharmaceutical organizations take advantage of robotics to manoeuvre biological or chemical samples around to integrate novel chemical structure or to test the pharmaceutical value of remaining organic material. Pharmaceutical applications with aid of robotic systems are progressively accepted for enhanced throughput and proficiency to satisfy this growing demand, within a rapidly ageing population that directly requires sophisticated medical devices and newer drugs. According to Robot IQ, mathematics is one of the few main robotics attributes that cannot be learned along the way. A good background in many fields of mathematics and science is needed for robotics at the very least. Several studies have shown that robotics is an effective medium for teaching STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) skills to students. Thus, Novel methods are under development in machine learning, symbolic reasoning and signal processing which may be utilized in production and packaging concerned to the pharmaceuticals. The target is to review the Planning, Safety, Reliability, Accuracy, Quality, Flexibility, Redeployment, Efficiency and other vital applications of Robotics in Pharmacy

Hot ductility and deformation behavior of C-Mn/Nb-microalloyed steel related to cracking during continuous casting

Hot ductility studies have been performed on C-Mn and C-Mn-Nb steels with an approach to simulate the effect of cooling conditions experienced by steel in secondary cooling zone during continuous casting. Thermal oscillations prior to tensile straining deteriorate hot ductility of steel by deepening and widening the hot ductility trough. C-Mn steels are found to exhibit ductility troughs in three distinct zones whereas C-Mn-Nb steel shows drop in ductility only at low temperature in the vicinity of ferrite transformation temperatures. Start of ferrite transformation in steels causes yield ratio to increase while work hardening rates and strength coefficient decrease with decrease in test temperature in presence of thermal oscillation prior to tensile testing. Inhibition of recrystallization due to build-up of AlN particles along with the presence of MnS particles in structure and low work hardening rates causes embrittlement of steel in austenitic range. Alloying elements enhancing work hardening rates in austenitic range can be promoted to improve hot ductility. The presence of low melting phase saturated with impurities along the austenitic grain boundaries causes intergranular fracture at high temperature in C-Mn steels

A study of hypertension epidemiology among urban population of Malwa region, India

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality worldwide. Almost three quarters of individuals with HTN live in developing countries with limited health resources and where people have low awareness of HTN and limited access to health care. Our study was thus designed to determine the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of HTN.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in different areas of urban Indore. Inclusion criteria were adults older than 21 years who gave oral consent to participate. There were no exclusion criteria. Data were collected on demographic variables, socio-economic status, presence of other cardiovascular risk factors, and medication use. BP was measured after at least 10 minutes of rest in the sitting position. Data analysis was done with Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) Statistics version 17.0 (Chicago IL, USA).Results: From December 2014 to May 2015, a total of 1697 participants were enrolled in the study. Their mean age was 42.9 years and 56% were men. The crude prevalence of HTN in our study was 36.9%. The prevalence of HTN was higher in men compared with women and increased with increasing age groups. In addition, HTN was more prevalent in patients who smoked, patients with diabetes, patients with higher BMI, and those who were married, divorced, or widowed compared with singles. HTN awareness was 53%. Among “aware” participants, 93% were taking BP-lowering therapy. Among treated participants, 54% had their BP under control during the examination. This translates into an overall 27% control rate when all hypertensive patients were considered (treated and not treated).Conclusions: Our results confirm the importance of the HTN epidemic; only one third of participants have optimal BP levels and the remaining two thirds are either hypertensive or prehypertensive. Men in particular are severely affected by the disease: 43% and 35% have either HTN or pre-HTN. Their awareness, treatment, and overall control rates are lower than those of women.

Systematic Adaptation of Communication-focused Machine Learning Models from Real to Virtual Environments for Human-Robot Collaboration

Virtual reality has proved to be useful in applications in several fields ranging from gaming, medicine, and training to development of interfaces that enable human-robot collaboration. It empowers designers to explore applications outside of the constraints posed by the real world environment and develop innovative solutions and experiences. Hand gestures recognition which has been a topic of much research and subsequent commercialization in the real world has been possible because of the creation of large, labelled datasets. In order to utilize the power of natural and intuitive hand gestures in the virtual domain for enabling embodied teleoperation of collaborative robots, similarly large datasets must be created so as to keep the working interface easy to learn and flexible enough to add more gestures. Depending on the application, this may be computationally or economically prohibitive. Thus, the adaptation of trained deep learning models that perform well in the real environment to the virtual may be a solution to this challenge. This paper presents a systematic framework for the real to virtual adaptation using limited size of virtual dataset along with guidelines for creating a curated dataset. Finally, while hand gestures have been considered as the communication mode, the guidelines and recommendations presented are generic. These are applicable to other modes such as body poses and facial expressions which have large datasets available in the real domain which must be adapted to the virtual one

AZETIDIN-2-ONE FUSED QUINOLINE ANALOGUES: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME NOVEL 2-CHLORO-3-FORMYL QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES

Objective: The aim of the present invention is to synthesize and find out the biological significance of the series of the designed azetidin-2-one fused 2-chloro-3-formyl quinoline derivatives. Methods: A new series of 2-chloro-3-formyl quinolines derivatives 3-chloro-4-(2-chloro-8/7/6-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)-1-phenyl amino)azetidin-2-one, 3-chloro-4-(2-chloro-8/7/6-chloroquinolin-3-yl)-1-(phenylamino) azetidin-2-one, 3-chloro-4-(2-chloro-8/7/6-methylquinolin-3-yl)-1-(phenyl -amino)azetidin-2-one were synthesized by four steps. The cyclization is facilitated by N-aryl acetamides bearing electron donating groups at ortho-position. However yields of quinolines having electron donating groups in all cases. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of physical and spectral data and are screened for diuretic, some of the exhibited significant activity. Results: The moderate yield of the proposed compounds was obtained. Spectral analysis and physical characteristic showed that the structural confirmation of the quinoline derivatives of the synthesized compounds. Some of the compounds showed lower to moderate level of significant activities. Conclusion: From the result of spectral data and diuretic activity it has concluded that the compounds were found to exhibited significance activity