Effective fisheries management instrumental in improving fish stock status

Marine fish stocks are an important part of the world food system and are particularly important for many of the poorest people of the world. Most existing analyses suggest overfishing is increasing, and there is widespread concern that fish stocks are decreasing throughout most of the world. We assembled trends in abundance and harvest rate of stocks that are scientifically assessed, constituting half of the reported globalmarine fish catch. For these stocks, on average, abundance is increasing and is at proposed target levels. Compared with regions that are intensively managed, regions with less-developed fisheries management have, on average, 3-fold greater harvest rates and half the abundance as assessed stocks. Available evidence suggests that the regions without assessments of abundance have little fisheries management, and stocks are in poor shape. Increased application of area-appropriate fisheries science recommendations and management tools are still needed for sustaining fisheries in places where they are lacking.Fil: Hilborn, Ray. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Amoroso, Ricardo Oscar. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Anderson, Christopher M.. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Baum, Julia K.. University of Victoria; CanadáFil: Branch, Trevor A.. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Costello, Christopher. University of California at Santa Barbara; Estados UnidosFil: de Moor, Carryn L.. University of Cape Town; SudáfricaFil: Faraj, Abdelmalek. Einstitut National de Recherche Halieutique; MarruecosFil: Hively, Daniel. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Jensen, Olaf P.. Rutgers University; Estados UnidosFil: Kurota, Hiroyuki. Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency; JapónFil: Little, L. Richard. Csiro Oceans and Atmosphere; AustraliaFil: Mace, Pamela. Ministry for Primary Industries; Nueva ZelandaFil: McClanahan, Tim. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados UnidosFil: Melnychuk, Michael C.. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Minto, Cóilín. Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology; IrlandaFil: Osio, Giacomo Chato. Joint Research Centre (JRC); Italia. DG Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, European Commission; BélgicaFil: Pons, Maite. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Parma, Ana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Segurado, Susana. Sustainable Fisheries Partnership; Estados UnidosFil: Szuwalski, Cody S.. University of California at Santa Barbara; Estados UnidosFil: Wilson, Jono R.. University of California at Santa Barbara; Estados Unidos. The Nature Conservancy; Estados UnidosFil: Ye, Yimin. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; Itali

Techniques géostatistiques au service de l'aménagement de la pêcherie céphalopodière marocaine

The regulation of the cephalopod fishery off Morocco is mainly focused on catch limitation of the target specie, octopus (Octopus vulgaris). Its exploitable biomass is estimated by direct assessments through scientific surveys. These have to (i) provide a good estimator - unbiased and accurate – of the global abundance with its estimation variance and stock distribution maps, (ii) monitor the spatio-temporal dynamic of the octopus, whose knowledge is essential for management. To achieve this: - The spatial features of the octopus densities are described and the conditions of stationarity are analyzed on the basis of historical data. - Methods for global estimation - transitive and intrinsic - are applied taking into account the data characteristics, including non-stationarity on the probabilistic intrinsic approach and the uncontrolled sampling on the deterministic transitive approach. - The spatial pattern of the octopus is described using geostatistical indicators. It is characterized by a widespread distribution of the spawning stock over the continental shelf and a coastal recruitment success. Some important implications for management are discussed. Finally, this work is seen within larger context of the cephalopod fishery management and the new fishing policy. New perspectives for the application of the geostatistical techniques and the spatial statistics are considered for stock assessments, especially of the octopus.L'aménagement de la pêcherie céphalopodière au Maroc est principalement axé sur la régulation des captures du poulpe (Octopus vulgaris), l'espèce prioritaire. Son potentiel exploitable est déterminé sur la base des évaluations directes à travers des campagnes de prospection scientifiques. Il s'agit de (i) fournir un estimateur de bonne qualité – sans biais et précis – de l'abondance globale, accompagné de sa variance d'estimation et des cartes de distribution du stock, (ii) suivre la dynamique spatio-temporelle du poulpe dont la connaissance est indispensable pour la gestion. Pour y parvenir : - Les propriétés spatiales de la densité du poulpe sont décrites et les conditions de stationnarité sont analysées sur une série de données historique. - Des méthodes d'estimation globale – transitives et intrinsèques – sont appliquées en tenant compte des conditions particulières des données, notamment la non-stationnarité concernant l'approche probabiliste intrinsèque et l'échantillonnage non contrôlé concernant l'approche déterministe transitive. - La stratégie d'occupation de l'espace par le poulpe est décrite à l'aide d'indicateurs géostatistiques. Elle se caractérise par un schéma de reproduction étendu sur le plateau continental et un succès du recrutement essentiellement côtier. D'importantes implications en matière de gestion sont discutées. Pour finir, ce travail est replacé dans son contexte plus global de l'aménagement de la pêcherie céphalopodière, et de la nouvelle stratégie de la pêche. De nouvelles perspectives pour l'application des techniques géostatistiques et des statistiques spatiales sont envisagées pour les évaluations de stocks, en particulier du poulpe

Moroccan octopus fishery

state-space modelling of the De Lury depletion model

Towards an Autonomous Pelagic Observatory: Experiences from Monitoring Fish Communities around Drifting FADs

This work presents a methodological synthesis for the in situ monitoring of fish aggregating devices (FADs) using a combination of optical, echosounder and SCUBA observations conducted in the vicinity of drifting FADs. The acoustic methods allowed, according to the devices used, the description of the spatial organisation and dynamics of biotic scattering layers, individual fishes, schools, shoals and mammals, while visual, photographic and video observations permitted species identification within a range of 0 to ~ 25 m. Based on these results, we elaborate on the interest to combine acoustic and visual methods, and present an autonomous instrumented drifting buoy for remotely monitoring fish diversity and abundance in the pelagic ecosystems. The perspective of autonomously collecting large amounts of basic information useful for ecological and fisheries studies in an ecosystem approach for open sea, as well as coastal pelagic environment, is also emphasized. As perspective we present “Seaorbiter” a futuristic large drifting platform which will allow performing innovative ecosystemic studies taking into account simultaneously all macro components of the pelagic ecosystem

Effective fisheries management instrumental in improving fish stock status

Marine fish stocks are an important part of the world food system and are particularly important for many of the poorest people of the world. Most existing analyses suggest overfishing is increasing and there is a widespread concern that fish stocks are decreasing throughout most of the world. We assembled trends in abundance and harvest rate of stocks that are scientifically assessed, constituting half of the reported global marine fish catch. For these stocks, on average, abundance is increasing and at proposed target levels. Compared to regions that are intensively managed, regions with less-developed fisheries management have, on average, 3-fold greater harvest rates and half the abundance as assessed stocks. Available evidence suggests that the regions without assessments of abundance have little fisheries management and stocks are in poor shape. Increased application of area-appropriate fisheries science recommendations and management tools are still needed for sustaining fisheries in places where they are lacking.JRC.D.2-Water and Marine Resource

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in similar to 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P=1.1x10(-4)) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR=3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P=2.1x10(-4)). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR=19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P=3.4x10(-3)), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR=4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P=7.7x10(-8)). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD]=43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P=1.68x10(-5)).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old