EFFECT OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON VAGINAL Candida spp. ISOLATION IN HIV-INFECTED COMPARED TO HIV-UNINFECTED WOMEN

Candidíase vulvovaginal (CVV) em mulheres infectadas pelo HIV contribuiu substancialmente para a diminuição da sua qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do uso de terapia anti-retroviral altamente ativa (HAART) no isolamento de Candida spp. vaginais em mulheres HIV positivas comparado às não infectadas por HIV. Este estudo transversal incluiu 178 mulheres infectadas pelo HIV (grupo HIV) e 200 mulheres não infectadas (grupo controle) acompanhadas no Serviço de Assistência Especializada (SAE) para as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST)/AIDS da cidade de Maringá/Brasil, de 1 abril a 30 de outubro de 2011. As leveduras foram isoladas e identificadas por métodos fenotípicos e moleculares. A susceptibilidade in vitro aos antifúngicos fluconazol, itraconazol, nistatina e anfotericina B foi avaliada pelo método de referência de microdiluição. Nós encontramos maior frequência de isolamento vaginal total de Candida spp. no grupo HIV do que no grupo controle. Entretanto, foi observada frequência similar de colonização e CVV entre os dois grupos. Apesar de C. albicans ser a mais frequente e sensível a azólicos e polienos em mulheres infectadas pelo HIV e não infectadas, foi detectada emergente resistência de C. glabrata a AMB nas mulheres infectadas pelo HIV. Embora tenha sido observada maior frequência de isolamento vaginal de Candida spp. nas mulheres infectadas pelo HIV do que nas não infectadas, colonização e CVV apresentaram frequência similar em ambos os grupos, o que indica que HAART parece proteger contra colonização vaginal e CVV. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in HIV-infected women contributed to the impairment of their quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use on the vaginal Candida spp. isolation in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected women. This cross-sectional study included 178 HIV-infected (HIV group) and 200 HIV-uninfected women (control) that were studied at the Specialized Assistance Service (SAE) for sexually transmitted diseases (STD)/AIDS of the city of Maringá, Brazil, from April 1 to October 30, 2011. The yeasts were isolated and identified by phenotypic and molecular methods. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, nystatin and amphotericin B was tested by the reference microdilution method. Higher frequencies of total vaginal Candida spp. isolation were found in the HIV-infected group than in the control group. However, both groups showed a similar frequency of colonization and VVC. Although C. albicans was the most frequent and sensitive to azolics and polyenes in both HIV-infected and uninfected women, the emerging resistance of C. glabrata to amphotericin B in the HIV-infected women was observed. Although higher frequency of vaginal Candida spp. isolation had been observed in the HIV-infected than in HIV-uninfected women, colonization and VVC showed similar frequency in both groups, indicating that HAART appears to protect against vaginal colonization and VVC

DESAFIOS E ESTRATÉGIAS NA GESTÃO DE OVERDOSE DE FENTANIL E O USO DA NALOXONA

Since the late 1990s, the United States has faced a serious opioid crisis, worsened by the spread of fentanyl. This crisis has evolved in three waves: prescription opioid abuse, increased heroin use, and fentanyl-related deaths. The high potency and rapid action of fentanyl, along with its presence on the illicit market, make the treatment of overdoses difficult and require new therapeutic approaches. Naloxone, effective against other opioids, is less effective against fentanyl due to its complex pharmacokinetics and adverse effects. Recent studies suggest the need for higher doses of naloxone, close monitoring, and respiratory support to improve clinical outcomes. Furthermore, there is an urgent need for more research to determine the optimal dosage of naloxone and evaluate new interventions. Adequate training of healthcare professionals and effective public policies are essential to combat the opioid crisis.Desde o final dos anos 1990, os Estados Unidos enfrentam uma grave crise de opioides, agravada pela disseminação do fentanil. Essa crise evoluiu em três ondas: abuso de opioides prescritos, aumento do uso de heroína e mortes relacionadas ao fentanil. A elevada potência e a rápida ação do fentanil, junto com sua presença no mercado ilícito, dificultam o tratamento de overdoses e exigem novas abordagens terapêuticas. A naloxona, eficaz contra outros opioides, mostra-se menos eficaz contra o fentanil devido à sua complexa farmacocinética e efeitos adversos. Estudos recentes sugerem a necessidade de doses maiores de naloxona, monitoramento rigoroso e suporte respiratório para melhorar os resultados clínicos. Além disso, há uma necessidade urgente de mais pesquisas para determinar a dosagem ideal de naloxona e avaliar novas intervenções. O treinamento adequado dos profissionais de saúde e políticas públicas eficazes são essenciais para combater a crise dos opioides

EMERGÊNCIA DE PLÂNTULAS DE MELÃO EM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE SALINIDADE DA ÁGUA DE IRRIGAÇÃO

The quality of irrigation water is one of the environmental factors that can affect the initial growth of the culture of melon. This study aimed to evaluate the emergence of seedlings of melon, hybrids Goldex and Vereda in different levels of salinity of irrigation water. The study was carried out at the Seed Analysis Laboratory of the Department of Crop Science of the UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, between February and April 2007. The treatments were organized in a completely randomized design in factorial scheme 2 x 6 (two hybrids of melon plant Goldex and Vereda, and six levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water: 0,45; 1,30; 2,15; 3,00; 3,85; 4,70 dS m-1), with four replications. Evaluation of speed of emergence-index, height of the aerial part of the seedling, dry mass of the aerial part of the seedling and seedling emergence. The salinity interfered in all parameters measured, and that as of 2.5 dS m-1 were more harmful to the hybrid Goldex that Vereda

Prevalence and associated factors of mental health disorders among Brazilian healthcare workers in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional study

The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil affected mental health among healthcare workers. To objective of this study was to evaluate the mental health of healthcare workers in in the central-west region of the Brazil, estimating the prevalence of mental health disorders, and investigating associated factors, perceptions of safety, and self-perceptions about mental health in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire was divided into two parts that included general information and perceptions about the work process and identified symptoms using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and multiple linear regression analysis was conducted. A total of 1,522 healthcare workers participated in the survey. Overall prevalence of symptoms was calculated for depression (58.7%), anxiety (59.7%), and stress (61.7%). Physicians had 3.75 times greater risk of depression (1.59–8.85, 95% CI). Independent variables associated with depression symptoms were not feeling safe with the way services were organized (1.12:1.03–1.21, 95% CI) and self-perception of poor mental health (8.06: 4.03–16.10% CI). Working in management was protective, and married professionals had 12% lower risk of exhibiting symptoms of depression (0.79–0.99, 95% CI). Participants with self-perception of poor mental health had 4.63 greater risk for symptoms of anxiety (2.58–8.31, 95% CI). Protective factors were not having sought support for mental health (0.90: 0.82–0.99, 95% CI), having a graduate degree (0.71: 0.54–0.94, 95% CI), and not having been diagnosed with COVID-19 (0.90: 0.83–0.98, 95% CI). Perception of poor mental health was associated with 6.95-fold greater chance of developing stress symptoms. Protective factors from stress were having a degree in dentistry (0.81: 0.68–0.97, 95% CI), residing in Mato Grosso do Sul (0.91: 0.85–0.98, 95% CI), and not having sought mental health support services (0.88: 0.82–0.95, 95% CI). The prevalence of mental health disorders is high among healthcare workers, and is associated with professional category, organization of services provided, and self-perception of poor mental health, reinforcing the need for preventative measures

Prevalence and associated factors of mental health disorders among Brazilian healthcare workers in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional study.

The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil affected mental health among healthcare workers. To objective of this study was to evaluate the mental health of healthcare workers in in the central-west region of the Brazil, estimating the prevalence of mental health disorders, and investigating associated factors, perceptions of safety, and self-perceptions about mental health in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire was divided into two parts that included general information and perceptions about the work process and identified symptoms using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and multiple linear regression analysis was conducted. A total of 1,522 healthcare workers participated in the survey. Overall prevalence of symptoms was calculated for depression (58.7%), anxiety (59.7%), and stress (61.7%). Physicians had 3.75 times greater risk of depression (1.59-8.85, 95% CI). Independent variables associated with depression symptoms were not feeling safe with the way services were organized (1.12:1.03-1.21, 95% CI) and self-perception of poor mental health (8.06: 4.03-16.10% CI). Working in management was protective, and married professionals had 12% lower risk of exhibiting symptoms of depression (0.79-0.99, 95% CI). Participants with self-perception of poor mental health had 4.63 greater risk for symptoms of anxiety (2.58-8.31, 95% CI). Protective factors were not having sought support for mental health (0.90: 0.82-0.99, 95% CI), having a graduate degree (0.71: 0.54-0.94, 95% CI), and not having been diagnosed with COVID-19 (0.90: 0.83-0.98, 95% CI). Perception of poor mental health was associated with 6.95-fold greater chance of developing stress symptoms. Protective factors from stress were having a degree in dentistry (0.81: 0.68-0.97, 95% CI), residing in Mato Grosso do Sul (0.91: 0.85-0.98, 95% CI), and not having sought mental health support services (0.88: 0.82-0.95, 95% CI). The prevalence of mental health disorders is high among healthcare workers, and is associated with professional category, organization of services provided, and self-perception of poor mental health, reinforcing the need for preventative measures

Em busca de um horizonte : narrativas sobre educação, artes e resistência

"APRESENTAÇÃO - Os textos reunidos no livro Em busca de um Horizonte: narrativas sobre educação, arte e resistência foram inspirados nos debates realizados durante o evento VI Simpósio Internacional Horizontes Humanos, que aconteceu na Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de Brasília, em 2018. O livro está dividido em quatro partes: Resistências cotidianas para além da utopia, Demasiado humano: as diferentes linguagens artísticas e culturais, A educação como um horizonte, Educação ambiental e ancestralidade: para continuar caminhando. Apesar da divisão em seções (sempre arbitrária), as produções - bastante diversas nas temáticas, metodologias e referenciais teóricos adotados – compartilham um alinhamento ao adotar um posicionamento político em defesa da diversidade, dos direitos humanos, da ancestralidade, do meio ambiente, da educação com valores democráticos, dos saberes populares e das diferentes linguagens artísticas. Assim, o livro se apresenta como um convite à resistência em tempos atrozes. Os organizadores

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved