Mother’s freedom of choice and the rights of an unborn child: a comparison between the views of freshmen and senior medical school students

OBJECTIVES: To compare the views of freshman students with senior students of the Faculty of Medicine- University of São Paulo concerning the respect for the mother’s freedom of choice, the need to protect the unborn child, the proportionality between the mother’s freedom of choice and the protection of the unborn child, and issues related to legal abortion. To determine whether the medical knowledge acquired throughout the academic years can influence the views of medical students on these issues. METHODS: First- and sixth-year students of the Faculty of Medicine - University of São Paulo answered a questionnaire; the inclusion criteria were as follows: a first- or sixth-year student of the medical school and a signature on the free informed consent form. To compare the proportions, a chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used. The significance level was set to 5%. RESULTS: Regarding the mother’s freedom of choice, in the case when a pregnant woman undergoes a cesarean section by means of a court order despite her intention to not have a cesarean, 55.7% of the first-year students have answered that the mother’s choice should be respected. Among the sixth-year students, only 28.9% believe that the mother’s intention should be considered (

A busca pela equidade nas políticas públicas de saúde: análise da implementação do incentivo à atividade física na Atenção Primária do Brasil

Public health policies aim to provide equitable access to healthcare services as a fundamental right. In 2022, the Ministry of Health created a financial incentive to promote physical activity (IAF) in SUS Primary Health Care. The objectives of this study were to present the national panorama of the first year of implementation of the IAF and to analyze whether the municipal prioritization score, created considering the existing budget availability, was an effective criterion for greater equity in the distribution of resources in the different implementation periods (without and with targets). This is a descriptive study analyzing the absolute and relative number of municipalities and health units approved, the number of health units that received funds and the amounts paid out. To analyze equity, measures of absolute and relative inequalities between health units were calculated, grouped into quartiles according to the municipal prioritization score. The percentage of approved health units that received funds was no more than 37.6%, with R$18.05 million paid out (period without targets) and R$10.10 million (with targets). There was a 68.9% reduction in the number of health units that received funds after the targets were set. Important inequalities in the receipt of resources were revealed, with a higher percentage of health units located in municipalities with lower priority. Thus, the criteria adopted by the Ministry of Health were insufficient to guarantee equity in the allocation of resources to promote physical activity.Las políticas de salud pública apuntan a brindar acceso equitativo a los servicios de salud como un derecho fundamental. En 2022, el Ministerio de Salud creó un incentivo financiero para promover la actividad física (IAF) en la Atención Primaria de Salud del SUS. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo presentar el panorama nacional del primer año de implementación del IAF y analizar si el puntaje de priorización municipal, creado considerando la disponibilidad presupuestaria existente, fue un criterio efectivo para una mayor equidad en la distribución de los recursos en los diferentes períodos de implementación (sin y con metas). Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con análisis del número absoluto y relativo de municipios y unidades de salud aprobadas, unidades de salud que recibieron recursos y los montos pagados. Para analizar la equidad se calcularon medidas de desigualdades absolutas y relativas entre unidades de salud, agrupadas en cuartiles según el puntaje de priorización municipal. Se demostró que el 74% de los municipios y el 16,7% de las unidades de salud elegibles fueron aprobados por el IAF. El porcentaje de unidades de salud aprobadas que recibieron recursos no superó el 37,6%, siendo pagados R$18,05 millones (período sin metas) y R$ 10,10 millones (con metas). Hubo una reducción del 68,9% en las unidades de salud que recibieron recursos luego de establecer metas. Se revelaron importantes desigualdades en la recepción de recursos, con un mayor porcentaje de unidades de salud ubicadas en municipios con menor prioridad. Por tanto, los criterios adoptados por el Ministerio de Salud fueron insuficientes para garantizar la equidad en la asignación de recursos para promover la actividad física.As políticas públicas de saúde têm como objetivo proporcionar acesso equitativo aos serviços de saúde como um direito fundamental. Em 2022, o Ministério da Saúde criou um incentivo financeiro para a promoção da atividade física (IAF) na Atenção Primária à Saúde do SUS. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos apresentar o panorama nacional do primeiro ano de implementação do IAF e analisar se a nota de priorização municipal, criada considerando a disponibilidade orçamentária existente, foi um critério efetivo para maior equidade na distribuição dos recursos nos diferentes períodos de implementação (sem e com metas). Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com análises do número absoluto e relativo de municípios e unidades de saúde homologadas, de unidades de saúde que receberam recursos e dos valores pagos. Para analisar a equidade, foram calculadas as medidas de desigualdades absolutas e relativas entre as unidades de saúde, agrupadas em quartis conforme a nota de priorização municipal. Foi demonstrado que 74% dos municípios e 16,7% das unidades de saúde elegíveis foram homologadas ao IAF. O percentual de unidades de saúde homologadas que receberam recursos não passou de 37,6%, sendo pagos R$18,05 milhões (período sem metas) e R$10,10 milhões (com metas). Houve uma redução de 68,9% nas unidades de saúde que receberam recursos após o estabelecimento de metas. Foram reveladas importantes desigualdades no recebimento de recursos, com maior percentual de unidades de saúde localizadas em municípios com menor prioridade. Assim, os critérios adotados pelo Ministério da Saúde foram insuficientes para garantir equidade na alocação de recursos para a promoção da atividade física

Match running performance in young soccer players: a systematic review

Background To date, athletic performance has been extensively assessed in youth soccer players through laboratory and field testing. Only recently has running performance via time–motion analysis been assessed during match play. Match running data are often useful in a practical context to aid game understanding and decision making regarding training content and prescriptions. A plethora of previous reviews have collated and appraised the literature on time–motion analysis in professional senior players, but none have solely examined youth players. Objective The aim of the present systematic review was to provide a critical appraisal and summary of the original research articles that have evaluated match running performance in young male soccer players. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement, literature searches were performed in four databases: PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and SciELO. We used the following descriptors: soccer, football, young, youth, junior, physical performance, running performance, match running performance, movement patterns, time–motion analysis, distances covered, activity profile, work rate, match analysis, and match performance. Articles were included only if they were original articles written in the English language, studied populations of male children and/or adolescents (aged ≤ 20 years), were published/ahead of print on or before 31 December 2017 and showed at least one outcome measure regarding match running performance, such as total distance covered, peak game speed or indicators of activities performed at established speed thresholds. Results A total of 5801 records were found. After duplicates were removed and exclusion and inclusion criteria applied, 50 articles were included (n = 2615 participants). Their outcome measures were extracted and findings were synthesized. The majority of the reviewed papers covered the European continent (62%) and used global positioning systems (GPS) (64%). Measurement error of the tools used to obtain position data and running metrics was systematically overlooked among the studies. The main aims of studies were to examine differences across playing positions (20%), age groups (26%) and match halves (36%). Consistent findings pointed to the existence of positional role and age effects on match running output (using fixed running speed thresholds), but there was no clear consensus about reductions in activity over the course of match play. Congested schedules negatively affected players’ running performance. While over 32% of all studies assessed the relationships between match running performance and physical capacity, biochemical markers and body composition, ~ 70% of these did not account for playing position. Conclusions This review collated scientific evidence that can aid soccer conditioning professionals in understanding external match loads across youth categories. Coaches working with youth development programs should consider that data derived from a given population may not be relevant for other populations, since game rules, match format and configuration are essentially unstandardized among studies for age-matched players. Despite limited evidence, periodization training emphasizing technical-tactical content can improve match running performance. Occurrence of acute and residual impairments in the running performance of young soccer players is common. Prescription of postmatch recovery strategies, such as cold water immersion and spa treatment, can potentially help reduce these declines, although additional research is warranted. This review also highlighted areas requiring further investigation, such as the possible influence of environmental and contextual constraints and a more integrative approach combining tactical and technical data

ZICOSUL E A PARADIPLOMACIA NAS FRONTEIRAS DA AMÉRICA DO SUL

Criada em 1997, a ZICOSUL (Zona de Integração do Centro-Oeste da América do Sul) constitui uma iniciativa em prol do desenvolvimento regional do subcontinente sul-americano. Composta por governos regionais dos países da região, no Brasil cinco estados fazem parte da Organização. Passadas duas décadas do início da iniciativa a mesma é muito pouco conhecida e difundida na mídia. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a ZICOSUL no âmbito da paradiplomacia em zonas de fronteira do Centro Oeste da América do Sul, área chave para a integração regional do subcontinente. O artigo traz ainda uma análise da paradiplomacia desenvolvida no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, pautada em análise bibliográfica e documental, sob a ótica das Relações Internacionais e do Desenvolvimento Regional, enriquecida com cartografia temática elaborada pelos autores

Preliminary results on organization on the court, physical and technical performance of Brazilian professional futsal players: comparison between friendly pre-season and official match

The main aim of this study was to verify possible differences between a friendly pre-season match (FM) and an official in-season match (OM) regarding physical, technical, and organizational performances of a professional Brazilian futsal team. Ten professional futsal athletes participated in this study. The matches were monitored with video cameras (30 Hz) and athlete trajectories obtained with automatic tracking. The values obtained for distance covered per minute, percentage of distance covered at moderate intensity, team coverage area, spread, passes, possessions, ball touches and successful passes per minute were greater for the OM than FM. On the contrary, percentage of distance covered, standing and walking was greater for the FM than OM. We concluded that physical, technical, and tactical performances are different between a FM and an OM in futsal and also these parameters mutually influenced each other distinctly. Future studies should verify whether pre-season tournaments reproduce similar demands to a regular season official match

Abordagens cirúrgicas na obesidade e síndrome metabólica: uma revisão abrangente das terapias e perspectivas futuras

A obesidade e a síndrome metabólica são condições de saúde crônicas e multifatoriais que representam grandes desafios para a saúde pública. Abordagens cirúrgicas têm sido exploradas como opções terapêuticas promissoras para pacientes com essas condições. Este artigo fornece uma revisão abrangente das abordagens cirúrgicas na obesidade e síndrome metabólica, incluindo cirurgia bariátrica restritiva, cirurgia bariátrica malabsortiva e procedimentos endoscópicos. A estratégia de busca utilizada incluiu bases de dados como PubMed, Web of Science e Scopus, resultando em uma seleção de estudos primários publicados entre janeiro de 2010 e junho de 2023. Os resultados indicaram que a gastrectomia vertical e o bypass gástrico em Y de Roux são procedimentos eficazes na perda de peso e melhora das comorbidades metabólicas. Os procedimentos endoscópicos, como o balão intragástrico, também demonstraram resultados promissores, embora mais pesquisas sejam necessárias para avaliar sua eficácia a longo prazo. A escolha da abordagem cirúrgica deve ser individualizada, considerando os riscos e benefícios, além do perfil clínico e preferências do paciente. Recomenda-se a realização de estudos de longo prazo e ensaios clínicos randomizados para aprimorar o conhecimento sobre os desfechos e a segurança dessas intervenções. Em conclusão, as abordagens cirúrgicas representam uma opção valiosa no manejo da obesidade e da síndrome metabólica, mas devem ser integradas a abordagens multidisciplinares e personalizadas para alcançar melhores resultados

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Les droits disciplinaires des fonctions publiques : « unification », « harmonisation » ou « distanciation ». A propos de la loi du 26 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires

The production of tt‾ , W+bb‾ and W+cc‾ is studied in the forward region of proton–proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98±0.02 fb−1 . The W bosons are reconstructed in the decays W→ℓν , where ℓ denotes muon or electron, while the b and c quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions.The production of $t\overline{t}$, $W+b\overline{b}$ and $W+c\overline{c}$ is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 $\pm$ 0.02 \mbox{fb}^{-1}. The $W$ bosons are reconstructed in the decays $W\rightarrow\ell\nu$, where $\ell$ denotes muon or electron, while the $b$ and $c$ quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions