¿Existe alguna relación entre la capacidad de movimiento funcional y el estado ponderal? Un estudio en escolares españoles

Indexación: Scopus.Background: to examine relations between functional movement patterns and weight status in Spanish primary school children and to determine the differences between sexes. Methods: three hundred and thirty-three, 6-13 years old children (164 boys and 169 girls), participated in this study. The main outcome measures were the body mass index (BMI) and the Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS). Children were classified as normal weight (NW), overweight (OV) or obese (OB) according to international cut-offs. Results: total FMS score was negatively correlated with BMI (p < 0.001). FMS score was different between children from NW, OV and OB groups (p = 0.001), lower with the increased BMI (p < 0.001 between all groups). Significant differences (p < 0.05) between NW, OV and OB were found in deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, shoulder mobility, straight leg-raise and push-up tests. As for the sex differences, girls obtained higher scores (p < 0.05) in in-line lunge, shoulder mobility and straight leg-raise, whereas boys did it in push-up (p = 0.044) test. Conclusions: these results confirm that total FMS score significantly and inversely correlates with BMI in a group of 333 school-age children. As for the sex differences, girls outperform boys in movements requiring flexibility and balance, whilst boys outperform girls in tests where muscular strength is required. © 2018 SENPE and Arán Ediciones S.L.Introducción: examinar la relación entre los patrones de movimiento funcional y el estado ponderal en escolares españoles, determinando también la infl uencia de la variable sexo. Métodos: trescientos treinta y tres niños de 6-13 años de edad (164 niños y 169 niñas), participaron voluntariamente en este estudio. Las variables objeto de estudio fueron el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la batería de test Functional Movement ScreenTM (FMS). Los niños fueron clasifi cados como normopeso (NW), sobrepeso (OV) y obesos (OB) de acuerdo con los puntos de corte internacionales. Resultados: la puntuación total en el FMS correlacionó de forma negativa y signifi cativa con el IMC (p < 0,001). La puntuación en FMS fue diferente entre las categorías de peso (p = 0,001), hallando un peor rendimiento en FMS conforme aumenta el IMC (p < 0,001 entre todos los grupos). Se hallaron diferencias signifi cativas (p < 0,05) entre NW, OV y OB en los test de deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, shoulder mobility, straight leg-raise and push-up. En cuanto a las diferencias por sexo, las chicas obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en FMS (p < 0,05) en los test in-line lunge, shoulder mobility and straight leg-raise; mientras los chicos obtuvieron puntuaciones superiores en el test de push-up (p = 0,044). Conclusiones: los resultados confi rman que la puntuación total en el FMS correlaciona signifi cativa y negativamente con el IMC en este grupo de 333 escolares. En cuanto a la infl uencia del sexo, las chicas obtuvieron mayor puntuación que los chicos en los test que requerían fl exibilidad y equilibrio, mientras los chicos fueron superiores en los test en los que predominaba la fuerza muscular.https://www.nutricionhospitalaria.org/index.php/articles/01670/show#

The Utility of a High-intensity Exercise Protocol to Prospectively Assess ACL Injury Risk.

This study investigated the utility of a 5-min high-intensity exercise protocol (SAFT(5)) to include in prospective cohort studies investigating ACL injury risk. 15 active females were tested on 2 occasions during which their non-dominant leg was analysed before SAFT(5) (PRE), immediately after (POST0), 15 min after (POST15), and 30 min after (POST30). On the first occasion, testing included 5 maximum isokinetic contractions for eccentric and concentric hamstring and concentric quadriceps and on the second occasion, 3 trials of 2 landing tasks (i. e., single-leg hop and drop vertical jump) were conducted. Results showed a reduced eccentric hamstring peak torque at POST0, POST15 and POST30 (p<0.05) and a reduced functional HQ ratio (Hecc/Qcon) at POST15 and POST30 (p<0.05). Additionally, a more extended knee angle at POST30 (p<0.05) and increased knee internal rotation angle at POST0 and POST15 (p<0.05) were found in a single-leg hop. SAFT(5) altered landing strategies associated with increased ACL injury risk and similar to observations from match simulations. Our findings therefore support the utility of a high-intensity exercise protocol such as SAFT(5) to strengthen injury screening tests and to include in prospective cohort studies where time constraints apply

Training Habits of Eumenorrheic Active Women during the Different Phases of Their Menstrual Cycle: A Descriptive Study

This research was supported by the Pre-competitive Projects for Early Stage Researchers Program from the University of Granada (ref: PPJIA2020.03). The authors would like to thank all the participants.This study meets the ethical standards of theWorld Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki (2013), and it was approved by the Institutional Review Board (Universidad de La Frontera, Temucho, Chile, 005_19).Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.The purpose of this study was to examine the training habits of eumenorrheic active women during their menstrual cycle (MC), and its perceived influence on physical performance regarding their athletic level. A group of 1250 sportswomen filled in a questionnaire referring to demographic information, athletic performance and MC-related training habits. Of the participants, 81% reported having a stable duration of MC, with most of them (57%) lasting 26-30 days. Concerning MC-related training habits, 79% indicated that their MC affects athletic performance, although 71% did not consider their MC in their training program, with no differences or modifications in training volume or in training intensity for low-level athletes (LLA) and high-level athletes (HLA) with hormonal contraceptive (HC) use. However, LLA with a normal MC adapted their training habits more, compared with HLA, also stopping their training (47.1% vs. 16.1%, respectively). Thus, different training strategies should be designed for HLA and LLA with a normal MC, but this is not so necessary for HLA and LLA who use HC. To sum up, training adaptations should be individually designed according to the training level and use or non-use of HC, always taking into account the pain suffered during the menstrual phase in most of the athletes.Pre-competitive Projects for Early Stage Researchers Program from the University of Granada PPJIA2020.0

Reviewing the use of resilience concepts in forest sciences

Purpose of the review Resilience is a key concept to deal with an uncertain future in forestry. In recent years, it has received increasing attention from both research and practice. However, a common understanding of what resilience means in a forestry context, and how to operationalise it is lacking. Here, we conducted a systematic review of the recent forest science literature on resilience in the forestry context, synthesising how resilience is defined and assessed. Recent findings Based on a detailed review of 255 studies, we analysed how the concepts of engineering resilience, ecological resilience, and social-ecological resilience are used in forest sciences. A clear majority of the studies applied the concept of engineering resilience, quantifying resilience as the recovery time after a disturbance. The two most used indicators for engineering resilience were basal area increment and vegetation cover, whereas ecological resilience studies frequently focus on vegetation cover and tree density. In contrast, important social-ecological resilience indicators used in the literature are socio-economic diversity and stock of natural resources. In the context of global change, we expected an increase in studies adopting the more holistic social-ecological resilience concept, but this was not the observed trend. Summary Our analysis points to the nestedness of these three resilience concepts, suggesting that they are complementary rather than contradictory. It also means that the variety of resilience approaches does not need to be an obstacle for operationalisation of the concept. We provide guidance for choosing the most suitable resilience concept and indicators based on the management, disturbance and application context

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified

Influence of countermovement depth on the countermovement jump-derived reactive strength index modified

This study aimed to investigate the effect of countermovement depth on the magnitude of the countermovement jump (CMJ) derived reactive strength index modified (RSImod), and to compare the RSImod between the CMJ performed with a self-preferred knee flexion angle (CMJpref) and the CMJ performed from a pre-determined knee flexion angle (CMJrefer) with the countermovement depth more similar to the CMJpref. Sixteen subjects (11 males and 5 females; age 25.1 ± 6.3 years, body mass 69.7 ± 10.2 kg, body height 172.9 ± 8.1 m) randomly performed in a single session the CMJpref and CMJs from five pre-determined knee flexion angles (60°, 75°, 90°, 105°, and 120°). Our results showed that lower knee flexion angles were generally associated with greater RSImod values with the CMJ performed at 60° showing the greatest RSImod (P ≤ 0.049; effect size [ES] range = 0.19–0.63). The greatest RSImod for the CMJ performed at 60° was caused by the proportionally lower values of the time to take-off (ES range = 0.65–1.91) compared to the decrease observed in jump height (ES range = 0.11–0.25). The RSImod was higher for the CMJpref compared to the CMJrefer (P < 0.001; ES = 0.34) due to a higher jump height (P = 0.021; ES = 0.14) and reduced time to take-off (P < 0.001; ES = 0.85). These results indicate that practitioners should be careful when interpreting an individual’s changes in RSImod when the countermovement depth is not similar across the testing sessions. However, since the use of pre-determined knee flexion angles negatively impacts the RSImod, we encourage practitioners to use the CMJpref but only compare the RSImod when CMJs are performed using consistent countermovement depths

Influence of Competition on Vertical Jump, Kicking Speed, Sprint and Agility of Young Football Players

The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of competition level (elite group [EG] and sub-elite group [SG]), on the Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), Kicking Speed (KS), sprint and agility in young football players. The subjects were 79 young football players (14 to 18 years old), from Andalusian football teams with mean parameters of 15.68 years (age), 1.74m (height), 64.93kg (weight) and 21.38kg/m2 (Body Mass Index [BMI]). The results of the Analysis of Covariance showed that players in the EG performed better than the SG on all variables, after adjusting for age and BMI (p≤0.028). It was concluded that competing in a higher football division, involves higher performance levels for CMJ, KS, sprint speed and agility. This may suggest that training programmes are more effective and accurate at higher competition levels. Physical fitness could be a key factor in determining the level of a player at these ages. These football-specific skills could be used for designing and evaluating training programmes to improve the level of conditioning.Keywords: Power, Strength, Football-Specific Skills, Football Division, Young Player

Influence of climate variables on resin yield and secretory structures in tapped Pinus pinaster Ait. in central Spain

In the last five years, sharp increases in the price of natural resins, accompanied by technological advances directed toward mechanization, have made resin tapping a strategic activity for rural development and forest conservation. The resin industry demands more efficient tapping methods and forest management plans as a way to increase competitiveness in a global market. Understanding the effects of environmental conditions on resin yield, especially under the current scenario of climate change, is key to improving techniques and plans in the resin industry. This study aims to evaluate the intra- and inter-annual effects of climate conditions and soil water availability on resin yield in tapped Pinus pinaster stands. The individual resin yield of 26 tapped trees growing at two locations with different stand densities and soil characteristics was measured fortnightly during the tapping season (June to October) for four years. The study was complemented with an analysis of changes in xylem anatomy over the four years, with a focus on axial resin canal traits, including 12 non-tapped trees as controls. Intra-annual variation in resin yield was strongly correlated with temperature, solar radiation, potential evapotranspiration and water deficit. Inter-annual variation in resin yield and resin canal abundance were correlated with temperature and water deficit in spring, but above a certain threshold of cumulated water deficit in summer rainfall favored resin yield. Under adverse climate scenarios where resource optimization is desirable, a reduced tapping season during the warmest months (June-September) would be advisable, assuming a very small production loss. Similarly, in years with a rainy summer and/or dry spring, a slightly longer tapping season could be suggested, as resin yield increases after these events. © 2014 Elsevier B.V