Estrategias de aprendizaje y calidad educativa de los cadetes de la Escuela Militar de Chorrillos – 2019

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre las estrategias de aprendizaje y la calidad educativa de los cadetes de la escuela militar de Chorrillos – 2019. El enfoque fue cuantitativo, de tipo aplicada y nivel descriptivo, de diseño no experimental. La recolección de información se llevó a cabo por medio de dos instrumentos de las variables cuya validez se hizo por medio del alfa de Cronbach y determinado por juicio de expertos respectivamente. La población fue conformada por un total de 1240 cadetes de la Escuela Militar de Chorrillos, la muestra estuvo conformada por 293 de ellos a quienes se le realizó una encuesta 18 preguntas con una escala de cinco categorías de respuestas referida a ambas variables y luego se correlacionaron empleando el coeficiente de Pearson. Según los resultados se puede afirmar que existe una relación evidente entre las estrategias de aprendizaje y la calidad educativa de los cadetes de la escuela militar de Chorrillos – 2019.The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between learning strategies and the educational quality of the cadets of the military school of Chorrillos - 2019. The approach was quantitative, of applied type and descriptive level, of non- experimental design. The collection of information was carried out by means of two instruments of the variables whose validity was made by means of the Cronbach's alpha and determined by expert opinion respectively. The population was made up of a total of 1240 cadets of the Military School of Chorrillos, the sample was made up of 293 of them who were asked a questionnaire 18 questions with a scale of five categories of answers referred to both variables and then correlated using the Pearson coefficient. According to the results, it can be stated that there is an obvious relationship between the learning strategies and the educational quality of the cadets of the military school of Chorrillos - 2019

Cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome components: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo City, Venezuela [version 3; referees: 2 approved]

Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that cigarette smoking can cause the onset of metabolic syndrome prior to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking habit and metabolic syndrome components in an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this sub-study, 2212 adults from both genders were selected. On the basis of their medical background, they were classified as smokers, non-smokers and former smokers. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Harmonizing 2009 criteria, using population-specific abdominal circumference cut-off points. The association between risk factors was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results: In the studied population, 14.8% were smokers, 15.4% were former smokers. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of metabolic syndrome (smokers: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11–2.14; p=0.010) and its components were related to cigarette smoking, with the exception of hyperglycemia. High blood pressure was inversely associated with current smoking status (smokers: OR, 0.70 (0.51–0.95); p=0.025). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking represents a related factor with metabolic syndrome, being associated with low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, increased abdominal circumference and elevated triacylglyceride levels. Former smokers did not present a greater risk for developing this metabolic disease when compared to non-smokers. The effect of avoiding this habit should be evaluated in future studies in our population

A Feed-Forward Circuit Linking Wingless, Fat-Dachsous Signaling, and the Warts-Hippo Pathway to Drosophila Wing Growth

The secreted morphogen Wingless promotes Drosophila wing growth by fueling a wave front of Fat-Dachsous signaling that recruits new cells into the wing primordium

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world\u27s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Global maps of soil temperature.

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Seguridad vial y procesos psicológicos: acciones preventivas

El artículo revisa la relación entre los procesos psicológicos y la seguridad vial desde una postura preventiva con el fin de proporcionar evidencias sobre alternativas utilizadas en terapia que puedan ser de utilidad para el adecuado funcionamiento psico-fisiológico y que determinen una mayor Seguridad Vial. Dicha revisión resulta pertinente en el marco de la Policía Nacional y de la Seguridad Vial en tanto ilustra metodologías empíricamente validadas que pueden ser utilizadas por las personas que desarrollen labores de alto esfuerzo cognitivo como la conducción. Con el fin de desarrollar la temática propuesta, se revisarán las nociones iniciales de la accidentalidad en tránsito dando paso a la revisión de los procesos cognoscitivos implicados en la seguridad vial citando algunos estudios empíricos que dan cuenta de métodos de utilidad en el incremento de las capacidades del conductor. Se concluye la efectividad de métodos basados en estimulación cognoscitiva y bioretroalimentación para el fortalecimiento de procesos cognoscitivos especialmente atencionales, advirtiendo la relación directamente proporcional entre la capacidad atencional y la seguridad al conducir

Seguridad Vial y Procesos Psicológicos: Acciones Preventivas. [ Road Safety and Psychological Processes: Preventive Actions]

El artículo revisa la relación entre los procesos psicológicos y la seguridad vial desde una postura preventiva con el fin de proporcionar evidencias sobre alternativas utilizadas en terapia que puedan ser de utilidad para el adecuado funcionamiento psico-fisiológico y que determinen una mayor Seguridad Vial. Dicha revisión resulta pertinente en el marco de la Policía Nacional y de la Seguridad Vial en tanto ilustra metodologías empíricamente validadas que pueden ser utilizadas por las personas que desarrollen labores de alto esfuerzo cognitivo como la conducción. Con el fin de desarrollar la temática propuesta, se revisarán las nociones iniciales de la accidentalidad en tránsito dando paso a la revisión de los procesos cognoscitivos implicados en la seguridad vial citando algunos estudios empíricos que dan cuenta de métodos de utilidad en el incremento de las capacidades del conductor. Se concluye la efectividad de métodos basados en estimulación cognoscitiva y bioretroalimentación para el fortalecimiento de procesos cognoscitivos especialmente atencionales, advirtiendo la relación directamente proporcional entre la capacidad atencional y la seguridad al conducir

Funcionamiento ejecutivo en niños de primaria en colegio público y privado de Cúcuta-Colombia: Contribuciones a la terapia neuropsicológica

El estudio analizó la relación entre el funcionamiento ejecutivo y las características sociodemográficas de niños en inicio de edad escolar en Cúcuta, mediante la descripción de las características de sueño, hábitos de estudio, acompañamiento extraescolar, nivel socioeconómico y otras condiciones sociodemográficas de los padres en relación con el nivel de desempeño en funciones ejecutivas. El estudio se desarrolló mediante un método de tipo cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental, transversal, de alcance correlacional con una muestra conformada por 60 niños y niñas de un colegio público y uno privado ubicados en la ciudad de Cúcuta, con edades entre los 5 y 7 años. Se encontró que el nivel funcionamiento ejecutivo se ubica dentro del promedio en ambos contextos escolares, sin embargo hay características particulares del escenario privado como el mayor acompañamiento extraescolar, motivación a que los niños duerman sin compañía de sus padres y la convivencia con ambos padres, factores que han mostrado beneficios en el desarrollo psicológico infantil. Por el contrario, en el contexto escolar público, se evidenció un mayor tiempo en horas de sueño, lo cual se ha relacionado con mejor desempeño cognitivo en general. Se concluye, que las variables que muestran mayor relación con la función ejecutiva son el nivel socioeconómico, la edad de los padres y su nivel de formación. El número de horas de sueño, también mostró relación positiva específicamente con la capacidad de control inhibitorio y la memoria de trabajo. Se discuten los resultados a la luz de estudios previos, cuyos aportes pueden ser utilizados en beneficio de la terapéutica psicológica y la prevención