Sorption ability of the composite sorbent for water treatment from radioactive elements

The goal of research is to develop the composite sorbent with application of various metal oxides nanoforms and nonpathogenic mold fungi mycelium modified by these nanoforms. This article describes the producing method of the composite sorbent and the research results of the sorbent sorption ability while the sorption process conditions are changed

Selbstorganisation in Wissenschaft und Technik: Wissenschaftsforschung Jahrbuch 2008

Selbstorganisation in der Wissenschaft wird meist durch eine Instabilität bisheriger Forschungssituationen gegenüber mehr oder weniger kleinen Veränderungen des Zusammenhangs von Problemfeldern und Methodengefügen in der Forschung eingeleitet. Wissenschaftsdynamik ist dann in einem weiteren Schritt der Selbstorganisation mit der Instabilisierung von bestehenden und der Restabilisierung von neuen Forschungssituationen verbunden. Forscher stehen in diesem Sinne stets in Situationen, in denen sie sich für oder gegen das Tätigsein in bestimmten Problemfeldern und/oder mit bestimmten Methodengefügen entscheiden müssen und damit neue Forschungssituationen entwerfen. Es entwickeln sich dabei Netze von Beziehungen zwischen Forschern, die nicht zuvor durch einen Konsens der daran Beteiligten in den theoretischen Überlegungen in die Wege geleitet worden sind, sondern vielmehr neue theoretische Orientierungen erst erzeugen, die dann strukturbildend auf die Forscherbeziehungen zurückwirken. Von den denkbaren neuen Forschungsmöglichkeiten können nur die realisiert werden, für die von der Gesellschaft die entsprechenden Mittel und Kräfte bereitgestellt werden. Entscheidungen darüber sind von der Problemrelevanz für den weiteren Erkenntnisfortschritt und den Beitrag zur Lösung praktischer Probleme abhängig. Untersuchungen über diesen grundlegenden Vorgang der Wissenschaftsentwicklung sind ein wichtiges Anliegen der Wissenschaftsforschung. Die Gesellschaft für Wissenschaftsforschung hat sich dieser Fragestellung angenommen und sie im Rahmen ihrer Jahrestagung im Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin am 28. und 29. März 2008 unter dem Thema „Selbstorganisation in Wissenschaft und Technik“ diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Tagung werden in diesem Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für Wissenschaftsforschung dem interessierten Leser vorgestellt.Peer Reviewe

Asymmetric Bethe-Salpeter equation for pairing and condensation

The Martin-Schwinger hierarchy of correlations are reexamined and the three-particle correlations are investigated under various partial summations. Besides the known approximations of screened, ladder and maximally crossed diagrams the pair-pair correlations are considered. It is shown that the recently proposed asymmetric Bethe-Salpeter equation to avoid unphysical repeated collisions is derived as a result of the hierarchical dependencies of correlations. Exceeding the parquet approximation we show that an asymmetry appears in the selfconsistent propagators. This form is superior over the symmetric selfconsistent one since it provides the Nambu-Gorkov equations and gap equation for fermions and the Beliaev equations for bosons while from the symmetric form no gap equation results. The selfenergy diagrams which account for the subtraction of unphysical repeated collisions are derived from the pair-pair correlation in the three-particle Greenfunction. It is suggested to distinguish between two types of selfconsistency, the channel-dressed propagators and the completely dressed propagators, with the help of which the asymmetric expansion completes the Ward identity and is $\Phi$-derivable.Comment: 12 pages. 26 figure

Исследование интерфейса мозг-компьютер на основе электроэнцефалографии

Объектами исследования являются нарушения двигательной активности, система, чтобы помочь людям двигаться. Целью работы является разработка интерфейса мозг-компьютер на основе электроэнцефалографии. В работе разрабатывается интерфейсы мозг-компьютер для сбора и обработки мозговых волн для анализа человеческих намерений и достижения человеческих потребностей с помощью компьютерных или других электронных устройств или для того, чтобы помочь им общаться с внешним миром.The objects of study are mobility impaired, a system to help people move. The aim of this work is the development of an interface for brain-computer on the basis of electroencephalography. The article describes development of interfaces brain-computer for collection and processing of brain waves for the analysis of human intentions and achievements of human needs with the help of computer or other electronic devices or in order to help them communicate with the outside world

High sensitivity measurements of the CMB power spectrum with the extended Very Small Array

We present deep Ka-band ($\nu \approx 33$ GHz) observations of the CMB made with the extended Very Small Array (VSA). This configuration produces a naturally weighted synthesized FWHM beamwidth of $\sim 11$ arcmin which covers an $\ell$-range of 300 to 1500. On these scales, foreground extragalactic sources can be a major source of contamination to the CMB anisotropy. This problem has been alleviated by identifying sources at 15 GHz with the Ryle Telescope and then monitoring these sources at 33 GHz using a single baseline interferometer co-located with the VSA. Sources with flux densities \gtsim 20 mJy at 33 GHz are subtracted from the data. In addition, we calculate a statistical correction for the small residual contribution from weaker sources that are below the detection limit of the survey. The CMB power spectrum corrected for Galactic foregrounds and extragalactic point sources is presented. A total $\ell$-range of 150-1500 is achieved by combining the complete extended array data with earlier VSA data in a compact configuration. Our resolution of $\Delta \ell \approx 60$ allows the first 3 acoustic peaks to be clearly delineated. The is achieved by using mosaiced observations in 7 regions covering a total area of 82 sq. degrees. There is good agreement with WMAP data up to $\ell=700$ where WMAP data run out of resolution. For higher $\ell$-values out to $\ell = 1500$, the agreement in power spectrum amplitudes with other experiments is also very good despite differences in frequency and observing technique.Comment: 16 pages. Accepted in MNRAS (minor revisions

Five-year results of cervical disc prostheses in the SWISSspine registry

Background: The Swiss Federal Office of Public Health demanded a nationwide HTA-registry for cervical total disc arthroplasty (TDA), to decide about its reimbursement. The goal of the SWISSspine registry is to generate evidence about the safety and efficiency of cervical TDA. Materials and methods: Three hundred thirty-two cases treated between 3.2005 and 6.2006 who were eligible for 5years follow-ups were included in the study. Follow-up rates for 3-6months, 1, 2 and 5years were 84.6, 74.4, 50.6 and 64.8%, respectively. Outcome measures were neck and arm pain, medication, quality of life, intraoperative and postoperative complication and revision rates. In addition, segmental mobility, ossification, adjacent and distant segment degeneration were analyzed at the 5-year follow-up. Results: There was significant, clinically relevant and lasting reduction of neck (preop/postop 60/21 VAS points) and arm pain (preop/postop VAS 67/17) and a consequently decreased analgesics consumption and quality of life improvement (preop/postop 0.39/0.82 EQ-5D points) until the 5-year follow-up. The rates for intraoperative and early postoperative complications were 0.6 and 7.2%, respectively. In 0.6% an early and in 3.9% a late revision surgery was performed. At the 5-year follow-up, the average range of motion of the mobile segments (88.2%) was 10.2°. In 40.7% of the patients osteophytes at least potentially affecting range of motion were seen. Conclusions: Cervical TDA appeared as safe and efficient in long-term pain alleviation, consequent reduction of pain killer consumption and in improvement of quality of life. The improvement is stable over the 5years postoperative period. The vast majority of treated segments remained mobile after 5years, although 40.7% of patients showed osteophyte

STAGES: the Space Telescope A901/2 Galaxy Evolution Survey

We present an overview of the Space Telescope A901/2 Galaxy Evolution Survey (STAGES). STAGES is a multiwavelength project designed to probe physical drivers of galaxy evolution across a wide range of environments and luminosity. A complex multi-cluster system at z~0.165 has been the subject of an 80-orbit F606W HST/ACS mosaic covering the full 0.5x0.5 (~5x5 Mpc^2) span of the supercluster. Extensive multiwavelength observations with XMM-Newton, GALEX, Spitzer, 2dF, GMRT, and the 17-band COMBO-17 photometric redshift survey complement the HST imaging. Our survey goals include simultaneously linking galaxy morphology with other observables such as age, star-formation rate, nuclear activity, and stellar mass. In addition, with the multiwavelength dataset and new high resolution mass maps from gravitational lensing, we are able to disentangle the large-scale structure of the system. By examining all aspects of environment we will be able to evaluate the relative importance of the dark matter halos, the local galaxy density, and the hot X-ray gas in driving galaxy transformation. This paper describes the HST imaging, data reduction, and creation of a master catalogue. We perform Sersic fitting on the HST images and conduct associated simulations to quantify completeness. In addition, we present the COMBO-17 photometric redshift catalogue and estimates of stellar masses and star-formation rates for this field. We define galaxy and cluster sample selection criteria which will be the basis for forthcoming science analyses, and present a compilation of notable objects in the field. Finally, we describe the further multiwavelength observations and announce public access to the data and catalogues.Comment: 29 pages, 22 figures; accepted to MNRAS. Full data release available at http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/astronomy/stage

Wissenschaft und Innovation: Wissenschaftsforschung Jahrbuch 2001

Innovationen bilden in gesamtwirtschaftlicher Perspektive den Kern des technischen Fortschritts. Wissenschaftliche Arbeit im Bereich der Hochtechnologie benötigt Förderung durch Investitionen und die Verfügbarkeit eines hervorragend ausgebildeten Nachwuchses. Mit zunehmender Refinanzierung der Wissenschaft durch die Innovationskraft der Wirtschaft kann es einen Wandel der Forschung in einer wissenschaftsintegrierten Wirtschaft geben. Der Druck des internationalen Forschungswettbewerbs gibt dem Industrie- und Technologiestandort Deutschland keinen Zeitaufschub für den notwendigen Anpassungsprozess. Die Verbesserung der Wettbewerbs- und Innovationsfähigkeit der Unternehmen wird in Chancen gesehen, die sich aus der engeren Kooperation von Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft ergeben. Ein solcher Wandel verändert die gesellschaftliche Position der Wissenschaften und fordert zu Fragen nach neuen Strukturen des Wissenschaftssystems heraus. Untersuchungen über diesen grundlegenden Vorgang neuerer Wissenschaftsentwicklung sind ein wichtiges Anliegen der Wissenschaftsforschung. Die Gesellschaft für Wissenschaftsforschung hat sich dieser Fragestellung angenommen und sie im Rahmen ihrer Jahrestagung im Produktionstechnischen Zentrum der Technischen Universität Berlin am 30. und 31. März 2001 unter dem Thema „Wissenschaft und Innovation“ analysiert und diskutiert. Dabei ist es gelungen, theoretische Überlegungen mit historischen und aktuellen Fakten zu verbinden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Tagung werden in diesem Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für Wissenschaftsforschung dem interessierten Leser vorgestellt.Peer Reviewe

Mathematical modelling of clostridial acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation

Clostridial acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation features a remarkable shift in the cellular metabolic activity from acid formation, acidogenesis, to the production of industrial-relevant solvents, solventogensis. In recent decades, mathematical models have been employed to elucidate the complex interlinked regulation and conditions that determine these two distinct metabolic states and govern the transition between them. In this review, we discuss these models with a focus on the mechanisms controlling intra- and extracellular changes between acidogenesis and solventogenesis. In particular, we critically evaluate underlying model assumptions and predictions in the light of current experimental knowledge. Towards this end, we briefly introduce key ideas and assumptions applied in the discussed modelling approaches, but waive a comprehensive mathematical presentation. We distinguish between structural and dynamical models, which will be discussed in their chronological order to illustrate how new biological information facilitates the ‘evolution’ of mathematical models. Mathematical models and their analysis have significantly contributed to our knowledge of ABE fermentation and the underlying regulatory network which spans all levels of biological organization. However, the ties between the different levels of cellular regulation are not well understood. Furthermore, contradictory experimental and theoretical results challenge our current notion of ABE metabolic network structure. Thus, clostridial ABE fermentation still poses theoretical as well as experimental challenges which are best approached in close collaboration between modellers and experimentalists