The Role of Purported Mucoprotectants in Dealing with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Functional Diarrhea, and Other Chronic Diarrheal Disorders in Adults

Chronic diarrhea is a frequent presenting symptom, both in primary care medicine and in specialized gastroenterology units. It is estimated that more than 5% of the global population suffers from chronic diarrhea. and that about 40% of these subjects are older than 60 years. The clinician is frequently faced with the need to decide which is the best therapeutic approach for these patients. While the origin of chronic diarrhea is diverse, impairment of intestinal barrier function, dysbiosis. and mucosal micro-inflammation are being increasingly recognized as underlying phenomena characterizing a variety of chronic diarrheal diseases. In addition to current pharmacological therapies, there is growing interest in alternative products such as mucoprotectants, which form a mucoadhesive film over the epithelium to reduce and protect against the development of altered intestinal permeability, dysbiosis, and mucosal micro-inflammation. This manuscript focuses on chronic diarrhea in adults, and we will review recent evidence on the ability of these natural compounds to improve symptoms associated with chronic diarrhea and to exert protective effects for the intestinal barrier

Updated measurements of exclusive J/ψ and ψ(2S) production cross-sections in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

The differential cross-section as a function of rapidity has been measured for the exclusive production of J/ψ and ψ(2S) mesons in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV, using data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 930 pb−1. The cross-sections times branching fractions to two muons having pseudorapidities between 2.0 and 4.5 are measured to be where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The measurements agree with next-to-leading order QCD predictions as well as with models that include saturation effects

Studies of beauty baryon decays to D0ph− and Λ+ch− final states

Decays of beauty baryons to the D0ph− and Λ+ch− final states (where h indicates a pion or a kaon) are studied using a data sample of pp collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0  fb−1, collected by the LHCb detector. The Cabibbo-suppressed decays Λ0b→D0pK− and Λ0b→Λ+cK− are observed, and their branching fractions are measured with respect to the decays Λ0b→D0pπ− and Λ0b→Λ+cπ−. In addition, the first observation is reported of the decay of the neutral beauty-strange baryon Ξ0b to the D0pK− final state, and a measurement of the Ξ0b mass is performed. Evidence of the Ξ0b→Λ+cK− decay is also reported

Search for the rare decay KS -> mu+ mu-

A search for the decay KS -> mu+ mu- is performed, based on a data sample of 1.0 fb^-1 of pp collisions at \sqrt{s}=7 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The observed number of candidates is consistent with the background-only hypothesis, yielding an upper limit of BR(KS -> mu+ mu-) < 11 (9) x 10^-9 at 95 (90)% confidence level. This limit is a factor of thirty below the previous measurement

Inclusive W and Z production in the forward region at root s=7TeV

Measurements of inclusive W and Z boson production cross-sections in p p collisions at root s = 7TeV using final states containing muons are presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 37 pb(-1) collected with the LHCb detector. The W and Z bosons are reconstructed from muons with a transverse momentum above 20 GeV/c and pseudorapidity between 2.0 and 4.5, and, in the case of the Z cross-section, a dimuon invariant mass between 60 and 120 GeV/c(2). The cross-sections are measured to be 831 +/- 9 +/- 27 +/- 29 pb for W+, 656 +/- 8 +/- 19 +/- 23 for W- and 76.7 +/- 1.7 +/- 3.3 +/- 2.7 pb for Z, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic and the third is due to the luminosity. Differential cross-sections, W and Z cross-section ratios and the lepton charge asymmetry are also measured in the same kinematic region. The ratios are determined to be sigma W+->mu(+)nu/sigma W-->mu-(nu) over bar = 1.27 +/- 0.02 +/- 0.01 and (sigma W+->mu+nu+sigma W-->mu-(nu) over bar)/sigma Z ->mu mu = 19.4 +/- 0.5 +/- 0.9. The results are in general agreement with theoretical predictions, performed at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD using recently calculated parton distribution functions. RI Galli, Domenico/A-1606-2012; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Coca, Cornelia/B-6015-2012; Petrolini, Alessandro/H-3782-2011; Carbone, Angelo/C-8289-2012; de Paula, Leandro/I-9278-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Marconi, Umberto/J-2263-2012; Satriano, Celestina/J-2374-2012; de Simone, Patrizia/J-3549-2012; Cardini, Alessandro/J-5736-2012; Teodorescu, Eliza/K-3044-201

Precision measurement of the B[0 over s]–[– over B][0 over s] oscillation frequency with the decay B[0 over s]→D[– over s]π[superscript +]

A key ingredient to searches for physics beyond the Standard Model in B[0 over s] mixing phenomena is the measurement of the B[0 over s]–[– over B][0 over s] oscillation frequency, which is equivalent to the mass difference Δm[subscript s] of the B[0 over s] mass eigenstates. Using the world's largest B[0 over s] meson sample accumulated in a dataset, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb[superscript −1], collected by the LHCb experiment at the CERN LHC in 2011, a measurement of Δm[subscript s] is presented. A total of about 34 000 B[0 over s] → D[− over s]π[superscript +] signal decays are reconstructed, with an average decay time resolution of 44 fs. The oscillation frequency is measured to be Δm[subscript s] = 17.768 ± 0.023 (stat) ± 0.006 (syst) ps[superscript −1], which is the most precise measurement to date.National Science Foundation (U.S.

Observation of the suppressed ADS modes B →[πKππ]DKand B →[πKππ]Dπ

An analysis of B → DK and B → Dπ decays is presented where the D meson is reconstructed in the four-body nal state Kπππ. Using LHCb data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0fb1, rst observations are made of the suppressed ADS modes B →[πKππ]D K and B → [πKππ]Dπ with a signicance of 5.1σ and greater than 10σ, respectively. Measurements of CP asymmetries and CP-conserving ratios of partial widths from this family of decays are also performed. The magnitude of the ratio between the suppressed and favoured B → DK amplitudes is determined to be r = 0.097 ±0.011. © 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V