Contribution des systemes de production du manioc a la disponibilite alimentaire dans le departement de Botro

Le manioc constitue l’une des principales cultures prioritaires identifiées par le gouvernement ivoirien dans la Stratégie Nationale de Développement des Cultures vivrières (SNDCV) autre que le riz. Il est actuellement l’aliment dont la production est centrée sur toute l’année contrairement aux autres spéculations. La présente étude vise à analyser la contribution des systèmes de production du manioc à la disponibilité alimentaire dans les ménages de Botro. L’étude a consisté en une recherche documentaire et des enquêtes de terrain (l’observation, les entretiens et le questionnaire). Les résultats ont montré qu’à travers les systèmes de cultures extensives avec des variétés améliorées (monoculture, culture associée), le manioc contribue efficacement à la disponibilité alimentaire dans les ménages de Botro. La production est passée de 40210 tonnes en 2010 à 50890 tonnes en 2018, soit une hausse 20,98%. Le bilan alimentaire du manioc est très satisfaisant, puisque sa disponibilité par ménage est de 3 608,17 kg/an et la balance entre disponibilité et besoins de consommation en manioc présentée par le département est aussi très excédentaire (+3452,17 kg/an/ménage) contrairement aux autres vivriers qui présentent une balance déficitaire. Ainsi, cette balance excédentaire du manioc témoigne parfaitement de sa contribution à la disponibilité alimentaire des ménages de Botro. Mots clés: Système de production, Manioc, Disponibilité alimentaire, Botro English Title: Contribution of cassava production systems to the food availability of the households in Botro department English Abstract Cassava constitutes one of the principal cultures of priority identified by the Ivorian government in the National Strategy of food crops Development (SVDCV) other than rice. It is currently the food whose production is centered over all the year contrary to the other speculations. The present study aims to analyze the contribution of cassava production systems to the food availability in Botro’s households. The study consisted in documentary research and fields survey (observation, interviews and questionnaire). The results showed that through extensive cultures systems with improved varieties (monoculture, associated culture) cassava contributes efficiently to the food availability in Botro’s households. The production moved from 40 2100 tons in 2010 to 50 890 tons in 2018, that is to say a rise of 20, 98%. The food balance of cassava is very satisfactory, since its availability by household is 3 608,17 Kg/year and the balance between the availability and the need in cassava consumption presented by Botro department is also in a high surplus (+3 452,17 Kg/year by household), unlike the other food crops witch present a balance in deficit. Thus, that balance in surplus of cassava production testifies clearly its contribution to the food availability of Botro’s households. Keywords: Production system, cassava, food availability, Botr

L’Adoption De La Sarcleuse Mécanique En Milieu Paysan Rizicole De Yamoussoukro, En Côte d’Ivoire

RésuméEn vue de redynamiser la riziculture à Yamoussoukro (centre ivoirien), l’École Supérieure d’Agronomie (ESA) a mis au point la sarcleuse mécanique dont l’appropriation paysanne a été massive. La présente étude vise à analyser les facteurs d’adoption de ce matériel innovant. Pour ce faire, des investigations mixtes ont été menées sur les pesanteurs de la production rizicole, de même que sur la perception de la sarcleuse mécanique, auprès de 167 chefs d’exploitation agricole, aléatoirement ciblés. Les données collectées ont été analysées avec la théorie de l’innovation qui a permis de mettre en lumière la dynamique diffusionniste de l’objet innovant. Les résultats révèlent qu’en faisant l’économie de la pénibilité aratoire, la sarcleuse est perçue comme un facteur de changement qualitatif de l’habitus cultural des riziculteurs de Yamoussoukro. L’ancrage social de cet outil a par ailleurs été favorisé par des invariants entre son procédé opératoire et des internalités de la société baoulé. En définitive, en se désaffiliant du paradigme de la résistance à l’innovation, cette contribution montre que l’innovation technologique en milieu rural, n’est pas fatalement contrainte par une société présumée bloquée.Mots-clés : Sarcleuse mécanique, innovation, adoption, Yamoussoukro, Côte d’IvoireThe adoption of the mechanical weeder in the rice-growing environment of Yamoussoukro, Côte d'IvoireAbstractIn order to revitalize rice cultivation in Yamoussoukro (central Côte d'Ivoire), the Ecole Supérieure d'Agronomie (ESA) developed the mechanical weeder, which has been widely adopted by farmers. The current study aims to examine the factors of adoption of this innovative equipment. To this end, mixed investigations built with random and snowball samplings on the burdens of rice production, as well as on the perception of the mechanical weeder, were carried out among 167 farm managers, targeted by a snowball effect. The data were then analyzed using innovation theory to highlight the diffusionist dynamics of the innovative object. The results reveal that by eliminating the arduous task of cultivation, the weeder is perceived as contributing to qualitative changes in the cultural habitus of rice farmers in Yamoussoukro. The social anchoring of this tool was also favored by invariants between its operating procedure and the internalities of Baoule society. In short, by disassociating itself from the paradigm of resistance to innovation, this contribution shows that technological innovation in rural areas is not inevitably constrained by a presumed blocked society.  Keywords: Mechanical weeder, innovation, adoption, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'IvoireThe adoption of the mechanical weeder in the rice-growing environment of Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoir

Biological and clinical abnormalities leading to cardiovascular disease during antiretroviral treatment in a university hospital in Abidjan

Antiretroviral drugs are involved in the occurrence of adverse effects. In Côte d'Ivoire, HIV1 treatment protocols are non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors based. No study has been undertaken in the country about cardiovascular risk. Thus, the objective of our study was to assess the prevalence of biological abnormalities and clinical markers of cardiovascular risk during antiretroviral therapy. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study with 238 patients who were on antiretroviral treatment including nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for at least 6 months in the Pneumophtisiology department of the university hospital of Cocody (Abidjan). Metabolic syndrome was determined according to NCEP-ATP III criteria. Biological parameters investigated were: triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and LDL, glucose and clinical parameters: blood pressure and waist circumference. Eleven patients (4.62%) have a metabolic syndrome, 17.6% had hypertriglyceridemia. An increase in LDL cholesterol and lower HDL-cholesterol were found in both cases in 13.9% of patients and an atherogenic index greater than 4.5 in 5% of patients. Hyperglycemia occurred during antiretroviral therapy in 28% of the study population. Patients who developed hypertension and increased waist circumference during antiretroviral therapy were 9.75% and 15.5% respectively. Our results testify to the potential existence of a cardiovascular risk during the non-nucleoside inhibitor used.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Antiretrovirals, biological, clinical abnormalities, cardiovascular risk

Hyperglycaemia lowering activity and hypoglycaemic risk assessment of Sarenta, an Ivorian traditional herbal remedy

Background: Diabetes remains a major public health problem for which traditional medicine is a better therapeutic alternative for low-income populations, including African populations. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Sarenta, an herbal preparation used in Ivorian traditional medicine as anti-diabetic, on hyperglycaemia and on basic glycaemia.Methods: Hyperglycaemia lowering activity was led in rats receiving glucose at 5 g/kg body weight by gavage after oral pre-treatment with either Sarenta at 125, 206 or 209.5 mg/kg b. wt., either glibenclamide at 10 mg/kg b. wt., or physiological saline solution. Hypoglycaemic risk was assessed by administering the same doses of Sarenta to native i.e. NaCl-treated rats. For both tests, blood glucose was measured before any substance was administered and then every hour for 4 hours.Results: After 4 hours, Sarenta at 206 mg/kg b. wt. and 209.5 mg/kg b. wt. significantly reduced the induced hyperglycaemia in rats by 33.87% and 37.39%, respectively. The degree of the hyperglycaemia lowering effect of the remedy at these two doses was not significantly different from that of glibenclamide. In addition, Sarenta at 209.5 mg/kg b. wt. resulted in a significant reduction of basic blood sugar to 29.78% four hours after administration.Conclusions: The remedy Sarenta has a hyperglycaemia lowering activity that could partially justify its traditional use in the treatment of diabetes. However, considering its hypoglycemic effect, precautions should be taken when using this traditional medicine

An overview of anti-diabetic plants used in Gabon: Pharmacology and Toxicology

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Ethnopharmacological relevance: The management of diabetes mellitus management in African communities, especially in Gabon, is not well established as more than 60% of population rely on traditional treatments as primary healthcare. The aim of this review was to collect and present the scientific evidence for the use of medicinal plants that are in currect by Gabonese traditional healers to manage diabetes or hyperglycaemia based here on the pharmacological and toxicological profiles of plants with anti-diabetic activity. There are presented in order to promote their therapeutic value, ensure a safer use by population and provide some bases for further study on high potential plants reviewed. Materials and methods: Ethnobotanical studies were sourced using databases such as Online Wiley library, Pubmed, Google Scholar, PROTA, books and unpublished data including Ph.D. and Master thesis, African and Asian journals. Keywords including ‘Diabetes’ ‘Gabon’ ‘Toxicity’ ‘Constituents’ ‘hyperglycaemia’ were used. Results: A total of 69 plants currently used in Gabon with potential anti-diabetic activity have been identified in the literature, all of which have been used in in vivo or in vitro studies. Most of the plants have been studied in human or animal models for their ability to reduce blood glucose, stimulate insulin secretion or inhibit carbohydrates enzymes. Active substances have been identified in 12 out of 69 plants outlined in this review, these include Allium cepa and Tabernanthe iboga. Only eight plants have their active substances tested for anti-diabetic activity and are suitables for further investigation. Toxicological data is scarce and is dose-related to the functional parameters of major organs such as kidney and liver. Conclusion: An in-depth understanding on the pharmacology and toxicology of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is lacking yet there is a great scope for new treatments. With further research, the use of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is important to ensure the safety of the diabetic patients in Gabon.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Management of osteoporosis in central and eastern Europe (CEE): conclusions of the “2nd Summit on Osteoporosis—CEE”, 21–22 November 2008, Warsaw, Poland

In November 2008, the “2nd Summit on Osteoporosis—Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)” was held in Warsaw, Poland. Discussions at this meeting focused on the identification and discussion of diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic measures used in CEE. Evaluated information was used to identify issues regarding diagnosis and therapy of osteoporosis in these countries to facilitate the subsequent setup of appropriate support and development strategies. The main debate was structured according to the following five subjects: (1) present status and future perspectives for implementation of FRAX® into local (CEE) diagnostic algorithms, (2) principles of drug selection in osteoporosis treatment in CEE countries, (3) nonpharmacological interventions in osteoporosis treatment and prophylaxis in CEE countries, (4) treatment benefit evaluation, and (5) cost–effectiveness and evaluation of reimbursement policies in CEE countries. The most important and substantial comments of the delegates are summarized in the present article. The multinational panel of experts with representatives from many CEE countries as well as Austria and Switzerland made the “2nd Summit on Osteoporosis—CEE” a perfect platform to identify issues and needs regarding diagnosis and therapy of osteoporosis as well as the cost–effectiveness of osteoporosis management in CEE countries. The information gained will serve as a basis for the development of strategies to resolve the identified issues at the “3rd Summit on Osteoporosis—CEE” in November 2009