Egzistencijalni, instrumentalni kibernetički prostori kao ontološki modusi ljudskog bića

Context and relevance of the research: the task of developing a general theoretical basis and methodology of ontological problems of interaction and interrelation of the Internet space and the physical world comes forward with the formation of the virtual computer environment determined both by the presence of a human being in computer network and presence of computer network in the life world of the human being. Virtual reality, even in its current state, is already widely recognized and described in academic sources. There are prospects of its application in medicine, education, professional training, space, military, art, automotive industry, shipbuilding, trade, leisure, consulting assistance to population, administration, and other spheres of management. According to academic forecasts, intensive, large-scale, multidirectional development of virtual computer environment will continue in the 21st century. The purpose of the study is to carry out a systematic analysis of the concepts: existential space, instrumental space and cyberspace in their interrelationship and interaction; to propose the author’s definition of existential space as a methodological construction for the study of its ontological modi: instrumental space and cyberspace; to define the ontological characteristics of instrumental space and cyberspace, their common features (connection) and distinction; to reveal features of existential immersion of a person into virtual computer reality – the process of emotional perception of existence in the information field – an artificially created world of ‘people and things,’ as well as subjective-personal effects accompanying this process. The methodology used: M. Heidegger’s Dasein analytics, D. Ihde’s instrumental realism, systems-based approach, comparative analysis. Key findings: the creation of cyberspace and computer virtual reality has unveiled a new stage in the formation of existential experience and project as a system of information technology and socio-psychological competencies. There is a necessity in the system-based elaboration of conceptual and categorical apparatus. The researcher will use it to describe the ontological modi of both existing and a new (computer virtual) reality and their interconnection.Kontekst i važnost istraživanja: sve je teža zadaća način razvitka općih teorijskih osnova i metodologije ontologijskih problema vezanih uz međudjelovanja i međuodnose između internetskog prostora i fizičkog svijeta, otežan uspostavom računalnog virtualnog okružja, određenog kako prisutnošću ljudskog bića u računalnoj mreži tako i prisutnošću računalne mreže u životu ljudskog bića. Virtualna stvarnost već je, čak u svom razvijenom obliku, široko prepoznata i opisana u akademskim vrelima. Već ima prijedloga za njenu primjenu u medicini, odgoju i obrazovanju, profesionalnom uvježbavanju, svemirskoj, vojnoj, umjetničkoj, automobilskoj industriji, brodogradnji, prometu, zabavi, savjetodavnom pomaganju stanovništvu, administraciji i drugim područjima upravljanja. Prema akademskim predviđanjima usmjeren, raznoliko snažan, razvitak virtualnog računalnog okoliša na širokoj osnovi nastavit će se i u 21. stoljeću. Cilj je ovog proučavanja provesti sustavnu analizu pojmova: egzistencijalni prostor, instrumentalni prostor i kibernetički prostor, kao metodologijsku pripravu za njihove ontologijske moduse: instrumentalni prostor i kibernetički prostor; odrediti (definirati) ontološke značajke instrumentalnog prostora i kibernetičkog prostora, njihove zajedničke oznake (povezanost) i razliku; otkriti egzistencijalne crte uronjenosti osobe u računalnu virtualnu stvarnost – proces emocijalnog percipiranja egzistencije u informacijskom polju – u umjetno stvoreni svijet »ljudi i stvari«, kao i subjektivno-osobne učinke koji prate taj proces. Iskorištena metodologija: analitika Tubitka (Dasein) M. Heideggera, instrumentalni realizam D. Ihdea, na sustavima zasnovan pristup, poredbena analiza. Glavni rezultati: stvaranjem kibernetičkog prostora i virtualne računalne stvarnosti razotkrilo se novo stanje u oblikovanju egzistencijalnog iskustva i zacrtalo sustav tehnološke informacije i socio-psiholoških mjerodavnosti (osposobljenosti). Nužna je sustavna razrada pojmovnog i kategorijalnog aparata. Istraživač će to iskoristiti da opiše ontološke moduse i nove (virtualne, računalne) stvarnosti, te povezanost među njima

Čovjekov odnos prema stvarima: Objektivni bitak

The issues addressed in the article are of particular relevance due to the deepening anthropological crisis in the current geopolitical situation. The aim of the article is to introduce a category of ‘objective being’ into the language of science. The used research methods: philosophical reflection, comparative analysis and logical-historical integration. The main theoretical and methodological framework for the study is the approach to understanding a human being through the system of fundamental human attitudes to the world such as human attitude to things (objective being), human attitude to other people (social being) and human attitude to the Absolute (eternal universal being). The study is dedicated to the analysis of the human objective being and identification of its development stages: the stage of immediate relationship with things; the stage of ‘mediated relationship’ when technology becomes a mediating tool; and the stage of ‘double mediation’, when technology as a tool becomes a necessary precondition for the emergence of another mediating tool – cyberspace, potentially containing ‘curled up’ virtual realities. Such approach allows identifying the contradictions between the existential, instrumental and cybernetic spaces, arising in the process of the objective being development. Introduction of the category of ‘objective being’ as a type of fundamental human relationship to the world into the language of science expands the methodological background for the research into the vital anthropological issues of our time.Teme koje su obrađene u ovom članku od posebne su važnosti uslijed sve veće antropološke krize u trenutnoj geopolitičkoj situaciji. Cilj ovog članka je uvesti kategoriju »objektivnog bitka« u jezik znanosti. Korištene istraživačke metode su: filozofska refleksija, komparativna analiza i logičko-povijesna integracija. Glavni teoretski i metodološki okvir je pristup razumijevanju ljudskog bića kroz sustav temeljnog ljudskog odnosa prema svijetu shvaćenom kao ljudski odnos prema stvarima (objektivni bitak), ljudski odnos prema drugim ljudima (društveni bitak) i ljudski odnos prema Apsolutnom (vječni univerzalni bitak). Istraživanje je posvećeno analizi ljudskog objektivnog bitka i identifikaciji njegovih razvojnih faza: faza neposrednog odnosa sa stvarima; stadij »posredovanog odnosa«, kada tehnologija postaje oruđe medijacije; i stadij »dvostrukog posredovanja«, kada tehnologija, kao oruđe, postaje nužni preduvjet za nastajanje drugih posredujućih oruđa – cyberspace, koji potencijalno sadrži »uvijenu (curled-up)« virtualnu stvarnost. Ovakav pristup nam omogućuje da identificiramo proturječje između egzistencijalnog, instrumentalnog i kibernetičkog prostora, koje izbija u procesu razvoja objektivnog bitka. Uvođenje kategorije »objektivnog bitka« kao tipa temeljnog ljudskog odnosa sa svijetom u kategorije jezika znanosti proširuje metodološku pozadinu za istraživanje vitalnih antropoloških stvarnosti našega vremena

Combination of captopril and darbepoetin alfa attenuate radiation-induced-endothelial dysfunction

The combination of captopril + darbepoetin alfa has a high radio- and endothelioprotective potential and can be recommended for further preclinical and clinical studie

Towards a resolution of the proton form factor problem: new electron and positron scattering data

There is a significant discrepancy between the values of the proton electric form factor, $G_E^p$, extracted using unpolarized and polarized electron scattering. Calculations predict that small two-photon exchange (TPE) contributions can significantly affect the extraction of $G_E^p$ from the unpolarized electron-proton cross sections. We determined the TPE contribution by measuring the ratio of positron-proton to electron-proton elastic scattering cross sections using a simultaneous, tertiary electron-positron beam incident on a liquid hydrogen target and detecting the scattered particles in the Jefferson Lab CLAS detector. This novel technique allowed us to cover a wide range in virtual photon polarization ($\varepsilon$) and momentum transfer ($Q^2$) simultaneously, as well as to cancel luminosity-related systematic errors. The cross section ratio increases with decreasing $\varepsilon$ at $Q^2 = 1.45 \text{ GeV}^2$. This measurement is consistent with the size of the form factor discrepancy at $Q^2\approx 1.75$ GeV$^2$ and with hadronic calculations including nucleon and $\Delta$ intermediate states, which have been shown to resolve the discrepancy up to $2-3$ GeV$^2$.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR

Induced polarization of {\Lambda}(1116) in kaon electroproduction

We have measured the induced polarization of the ${\Lambda}(1116)$ in the reaction $ep\rightarrow e'K^+{\Lambda}$, detecting the scattered $e'$ and $K^+$ in the final state along with the proton from the decay $\Lambda\rightarrow p\pi^-$.The present study used the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS), which allowed for a large kinematic acceptance in invariant energy $W$ ($1.6\leq W \leq 2.7$ GeV) and covered the full range of the kaon production angle at an average momentum transfer $Q^2=1.90$ GeV$^2$.In this experiment a 5.50 GeV electron beam was incident upon an unpolarized liquid-hydrogen target. We have mapped out the $W$ and kaon production angle dependencies of the induced polarization and found striking differences from photoproduction data over most of the kinematic range studied. However, we also found that the induced polarization is essentially $Q^2$ independent in our kinematic domain, suggesting that somewhere below the $Q^2$ covered here there must be a strong $Q^2$ dependence. Along with previously published photo- and electroproduction cross sections and polarization observables, these data are needed for the development of models, such as effective field theories, and as input to coupled-channel analyses that can provide evidence of previously unobserved $s$-channel resonances.Comment: 13 figure

Precision measurements of g1g_1 of the proton and the deuteron with 6 GeV electrons

The inclusive polarized structure functions of the proton and deuteron, g1p and g1d, were measured with high statistical precision using polarized 6 GeV electrons incident on a polarized ammonia target in Hall B at Jefferson Laboratory. Electrons scattered at lab angles between 18 and 45 degrees were detected using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). For the usual DIS kinematics, Q^2>1 GeV^2 and the final-state invariant mass W>2 GeV, the ratio of polarized to unpolarized structure functions g1/F1 is found to be nearly independent of Q^2 at fixed x. Significant resonant structure is apparent at values of W up to 2.3 GeV. In the framework of perturbative QCD, the high-W results can be used to better constrain the polarization of quarks and gluons in the nucleon, as well as high-twist contributions

A failed RCT to determine if antibiotics prevent mastitis: Cracked nipples colonized with Staphylococcus aureus: A randomized treatment trial [ISRCTN65289389]

BACKGROUND: A small, non-blinded, RCT (randomised controlled trial) had reported that oral antibiotics reduced the incidence of mastitis in lactating women with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)- colonized cracked nipples. We aimed to replicate the study with a more rigorous design and adequate sample size. METHODS: Our intention was to conduct a double-blind placebo-controlled trial to determine if an antibiotic (flucloxacillin) could prevent mastitis in lactating women with S. aureus-colonized cracked nipples. We planned to recruit two groups of 133 women with S. aureus-colonized cracked nipples. RESULTS: We spent over twelve months submitting applications to five hospital ethics committees and seven funding bodies, before commencing the trial. Recruitment to the trial was very slow and only ten women were randomized to the trial after twelve months, and therefore the trial was stopped early. CONCLUSIONS: In retrospect we should have conducted a feasibility study, which would have revealed the low number of women in these Melbourne hospitals (maternity wards and breastfeeding clinics) with damaged nipples. The appropriate use of antibiotics for breastfeeding women with cracked nipples still needs to be tested

Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns

Performance and Operation of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic-ray muons are described. These muons were recorded after the closure of the CMS detector in late 2008. The calorimeter is made of lead tungstate crystals and the overall status of the 75848 channels corresponding to the barrel and endcap detectors is reported. The stability of crucial operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise, is summarised and the performance of the light monitoring system is presented

Construction, assembly and testing of the ATLAS hadronic end-cap calorimeter

The construction and assembly of the four wheels of the ATLAS hadronic end-cap calorimeter and their insertion into the two end-cap cryostats are described. The results of the qualification tests prior to installation of the two cryostats in the ATLAS experimental cavern are reviewed