Measurements of the suppression and anisotropy of heavy-flavour particles in Pb--Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}= 2.76 TeV with ALICE

Heavy quarks, i.e. charm and beauty, are produced on a shorter time scale with respect to the strongly-interacting matter produced in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Therefore, they are unique probes to study the mechanisms of parton energy loss, hadronisation and thermalization in the hot and dense state of matter. The nuclear modification factor ($R_{\rm AA}$) and the elliptic flow ($v_{2}$) are two of the main experimental observables that allow us to investigate the interaction strength of heavy quarks with the medium. The most recent results on heavy-flavour production and elliptic flow measured by the ALICE collaboration in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV will be discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, Hard Probes Conference 201

Elucidating the multiplicity dependence of J/ψ\psi production in proton-proton collisions with PYTHIA8

A study of prompt and non-prompt J/$\psi$ production as a function of charged-particle multiplicity in inelastic proton--proton (pp) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV based on calculations using the PYTHIA8 Monte Carlo is reported. Recent experimental data shows an intriguing stronger-than-linear increase of the self-normalized J/$\psi$ yield with multiplicity; several models, based on initial or final state effects, have been able to describe the observed behaviour. In this paper, the microscopic reasons for this behaviour, like the role of multiple parton interactions, colour reconnections and auto-correlations are investigated. It is observed that the stronger-than-linear increase and the transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) dependence, contrary to what is predicted by the other available models, can be attributed to auto-correlation effects only. In absence of auto-correlation effects, the increase of the yield of J/$\psi$ with multiplicity -- and in general for all hard processes -- is weaker than linear for multiplicities exceeding about three times the mean multiplicity. The possibility of disentangling auto-correlation effects from other physical phenomena by measuring the charged-particle multiplicity in different pseudo-rapidity and azimuthal regions relative to the J/$\psi$ direction is investigated. In this regard, it is suggested to extend the experimental measurements of J/$\psi$ production as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity by determining the multiplicity in several azimuthal regions and in particular in the Transverse region with respect to the direction of the J/$\psi$ meson.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures: accepted by EPJ

Mapping QGP properties in Pb--Pb and Xe--Xe collisions at the LHC

A phenomenological analysis of the experimental measurements of transverse momentum spectra of identified charged hadrons and strange hyperons in \PbPb and \XeXe collisions at the LHC is presented. The analysis is based on the relativistic fluid dynamics description implemented in the numerically efficient \fluidum approach. Building on our previous work, we separate in our treatment the chemical and kinetic freeze-out, and incorporate the partial chemical equilibrium to describe the late stages of the collision evolution. This analysis makes use of Bayesian inference to determine key parameters of the QGP evolution and its properties including the shear and bulk viscosity to entropy ratios, the initialisation time, the initial entropy density, and the freeze-out temperatures. The physics parameters and their posterior probabilities are extracted using a global search in multidimensional space with modern machine learning tools, such as ensembles of neural networks. We employ our newly developed fast framework to assess systematic uncertainties in the extracted model parameters by systematically varying key components of our analysis.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure

Measurement of an excess in the yield of J/ψ\psi at very low pTp_{\rm T} in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76 TeV

We report on the first measurement of an excess in the yield of J/$\psi$ at very low transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}< 0.3$ GeV/$c$) in peripheral hadronic Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV, performed by ALICE at the CERN LHC. Remarkably, the measured nuclear modification factor of J/$\psi$ in the rapidity range $2.5<y<4$ reaches about 7 (2) in the $p_{\rm T}$ range 0-0.3 GeV/$c$ in the 70-90% (50-70%) centrality class. The J/$\psi$ production cross section associated with the observed excess is obtained under the hypothesis that coherent photoproduction of J/$\psi$ is the underlying physics mechanism. If confirmed, the observation of J/$\psi$ coherent photoproduction in Pb-Pb collisions at impact parameters smaller than twice the nuclear radius opens new theoretical and experimental challenges and opportunities. In particular, coherent photoproduction accompanying hadronic collisions may provide insight into the dynamics of photoproduction and nuclear reactions, as well as become a novel probe of the Quark-Gluon Plasma.Comment: 18 pages, 3 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 13, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/191

Measurement of pion, kaon and proton production in proton-proton collisions at s=7\sqrt{s}=7 TeV

The measurement of primary $\pi^{\pm}$, K$^{\pm}$, p and $\overline{p}$ production at mid-rapidity ($|y| <$ 0.5) in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV performed with ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is reported. Particle identification is performed using the specific ionization energy loss and time-of-flight information, the ring-imaging Cherenkov technique and the kink-topology identification of weak decays of charged kaons. Transverse momentum spectra are measured from 0.1 up to 3 GeV/$c$ for pions, from 0.2 up to 6 GeV/$c$ for kaons and from 0.3 up to 6 GeV/$c$ for protons. The measured spectra and particle ratios are compared with QCD-inspired models, tuned to reproduce also the earlier measurements performed at the LHC. Furthermore, the integrated particle yields and ratios as well as the average transverse momenta are compared with results at lower collision energies.Comment: 33 pages, 19 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 28, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/156

Розвиток ідеї європейської інтеграції та її значення для України

У статті аналізується сутність ідеї європейської інтеграції, її еволюція протягом століть. Досліджуються теоретичні основи формування та розвитку Європейського Союзу, обґрунтовується необхідність євроінтеграційної стратегії України як ключового пріоритету зовнішньої та внутрішньої політики нашої держави.The article analyses the essence of the idea of European integration, its evolution during the centuries and researches the theoretical foundations of the formation and development of the European Union, proves the need for European integration strategy of Ukraine as a key priority of foreign and internal policy

Функциональные особенности словообразовательных синонимов современного немецкого языка

Статья из специализированного выпуска научного журнала "Культура народов Причерноморья", материалы которого объединены общей темой "Язык и Мир" и посвящены общим вопросам Языкознания и приурочены к 80-летию со дня рождения Николая Александровича Рудякова.Стаття із спеціалізованого випуску наукового журналу "Культура народов Причерноморья", матеріали якого поєднані загальною темою "Мова і Світ" і присвячені загальним питанням мовознавства і приурочені до 80-річчя з дня народження Миколи Олександровича Рудякова

Сравнительные результаты хирургического и комбинированного лечения больных раком пищевода

Резюме. Представлены непосредственные и отдаленные результаты лечения 167 больных раком пищевода. Комбинированное лечение с использованием предоперационной гамма-терапии крупными фракциями было проведено 95 пациентам, хирургическое — 72. Отмечено, что предоперационное облучение не сопровождалось увеличением частоты послеоперационных осложнений, но и не способствовало улучшению отдаленных результатов операций. Ключевые слова: рак пищевода, комбинированное лечение, хирургическое лечение.Summary. Immediate and remote results of the treatment of 167 patients with esophagus cancer are reported. Combined treatment with pre-surgery large-fraction gamma-therapy was applied in 95 patients; 72 patients were operated without pre-surgery radiation treatment. Pre-surgery irradiation is shown to cause no increase in the frequency of post-operation complications. At the same time, it failed to improve the remote results of surgery. Key Words: esophagus cancer, combined treatment, surgery

Charge separation relative to the reaction plane in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}= 2.76 TeV

Measurements of charge dependent azimuthal correlations with the ALICE detector at the LHC are reported for Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV. Two- and three-particle charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in the pseudo-rapidity range $|\eta| < 0.8$ are presented as a function of the collision centrality, particle separation in pseudo-rapidity, and transverse momentum. A clear signal compatible with a charge-dependent separation relative to the reaction plane is observed, which shows little or no collision energy dependence when compared to measurements at RHIC energies. This provides a new insight for understanding the nature of the charge dependent azimuthal correlations observed at RHIC and LHC energies.Comment: 12 pages, 3 captioned figures, authors from page 2 to 6, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/286