Investigating Flavonoid Extracts from Medicinal Plants: Evaluating their Anti-Cancer Potential, Mechanisms, and Synergistic Impact on Colon Cancer

Colon cancer, the leading cause of global cancer-related mortality, demands innovative therapeutic approaches to combat its formidable impact. This empirical study embarks on a quest to unlock novel avenues for colon cancer treatment by investigating the anti-cancer potential of flavonoid extracts sourced from medicinal plants. Our research journey commences with an in-depth examination of the staggering global burden imposed by colon cancer and the inherent limitations of current therapeutic regimens. In response to this pressing challenge, we spotlight the emerging enthusiasm for natural compounds, specifically flavonoids, as transformative agents within the realm of cancer research and therapy. In our pursuit of innovative solutions, we meticulously select medicinal plants celebrated for their flavonoid-rich content and extract these bioactive compounds with precision. Rigorous phytochemical analyses unveil the specific flavonoids at play. In a series of in vitro experiments employing colon cancer cell lines, we uncover a compelling narrative of concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, underscoring the remarkable anti-proliferative attributes of these extracts. Moreover, our investigations reveal that flavonoid extracts possess the remarkable capability to induce apoptosis, substantiated through Annexin V/PI staining and caspase activation assays. As we delve deeper into mechanistic insights, a rich tapestry unfolds, elucidating the intricate modulation of pivotal apoptosis-related pathways by these natural compounds. This study not only furnishes compelling evidence of flavonoid extracts' anti-cancer potential against colon cancer but also underscores the pivotal role of natural compounds in the ever-evolving landscape of cancer research, offering a beacon of hope for pioneering therapeutic strategies. The journey has only begun, and further investigations, alongside rigorous clinical trials, are warranted to harness the full therapeutic potential of flavonoid-based interventions in colon cancer management, potentially redefining the paradigm of cancer treatment

Studies on Stover Yield of Maize with Basal Application of Fertilizer and Foliar Spraying of Gluconacetobacter diazotropicus on Available Nutrients in Soil

The experiment on “Studies on Stover yield of maize with basal application of fertilizer and foliar spraying of Gluconacetobacter diazotropicus on available nutrients in soil” was carried out during Kharif 2022 in the experimental filed under Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry. The experiment was carried out according to a randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replication including 18 treatments of the microbial consortium Arthrobacter sp., phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus sp.) and soluble bacteria. There is also Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus sprayed on leaves at 25, 45 and 65 DAS of the plant growth stages. Maize seeds (cv. JM 216, duration 110 days, sowing 20 kg/ha) were sown in the specified plot (size 3mx2m) on June 28, 2022, with a distance of 60 and 20 cm. Plants are supplemented with the recommended dose of fertilizer 120:60:40 (Nitrogen:P2O5:K2O kg/ha) in basic fertilization. Additionally, two types of control plots were maintained: fertilized un-inoculated (FUI) control plots and un-inoculated (UFUI) control plots. Regarding the study of main nutrients in the soil at harvest time, the combination of similar treatments also increased N, P and K by 21.31, 21.31 and 60.6%, respectively. The most effective treatment was performed systematically by a combination of RDF+Arthro+PSB+KSB treatments for all parameters. Simultaneous inoculation of biological products G. diazotropicus, Arthrobacter, PSB (Bacillus sp.) and KSB (Frateuria aurantia) when treating seeds and foliar fertilizing maize increased growth and the ability to provide important nutrients in the soil at harvest time. This is the positive impact of G.diazotropicus and Arthrobacter The data on stover yield ranged from 5618- 10729 kg/ha. All the treatments (except G. diazotropicus) increased significantly the grain yield over the control fertilized uninoculated (FUI). Among all the treatment combinations

GROUP MOBILITY MODEL BASED PROACTIVE AND REACTIVE ROUTING PROTOCOL IN MANET

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a dynamic network Topology without the aid of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. Each node participating in the network acts as a host and as a router , means they have to forward packets and identify route as well. Random waypoint is the most common mobility model in most of the simulation based studies of various MANET routing protocols. The Group Mobility Model has been generated by Impact of Mobility Patterns on Routing in Ad-hoc Network (IMPORTANT). In the present communication, we have analyzed the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average End to End delay, Average Throughput, Normalized Routing Load (NRL) and number of Drop packets in CBR and TCP traffic models using routing protocols namely AODV and DSDV. Research efforts have focused much in evaluating their performance with same number of nodes but divided in different number of groups. Simulations has been carried out using NS-2 simulato

Seed Morphometry and Different Pre-sowing Treatments on Seed Germination of Spondias pinnata Linn. under Nursery Condition

The present investigation was carried out during 2018–19 to evaluate the variation in seed dimension and most promising seed pre-treatments for accelerating germination of Spondias pinnata Linn. The various pre-sowing treatments were the Control (no treatment); soaking in cold water for 24 hours; soaking in cold water for 48 h; soaking in cold water for 72 h; soaking in 100 ppm thiourea for 24 h; soaking in 200 ppm thiourea for 24 h; soaking in 400 ppm thiourea for 24 h; soaking in 800ppm thiourea for 24 h; soaking in 1000 ppm thiourea for 24 h; soaking in 100 ppm KNO3 for 12 h; soaking in 200 ppm KNO3 for 12 h; soaking in 400 ppm KNO3 for 12 h; soaking in 800 ppm KNO3 for 12 h and soaking in 1000 ppm KNO3 for 12 h. The experiment was laid out in randomised block design with 13 pre-sowing treatments and the control with three replications of 100 seeds. The highest (54.33%) germination percentage was observed from cold-water for 48 hrs followed by thiourea 1000 ppm for 24 hrs (50.00%) and potassium nitrate 200 ppm for 12 hrs (48.67%). Parameters like germination value, mean germination time, root length, shoot length and seedling vigour index were significantly different among all the pre-treatments