Livestock Feed Analysis: How To Interpret the Results

This publication has been developed to help livestock producers interpret feed analysis results, which can help them in planning rations

The Basics of Heat (Estrus) Detection in Cattle

Receptivity to breeding occurs approximately every three weeks in sexually mature, non-pregnant female cattle. Tips for observing these opportunities to facilitate a breeding program are given

The Natural Farming Concept: A New Economical Waste Management System for Small Family Swine Farms in Hawai‘i: Most Frequently Asked Questions on the IDLS Piggery

This fact sheet answers the most commonly asked questions about the inoculated deep litter system, which addresses the manure treatment process for swine confinement-rearing operations

Most unwanted pests in the United States - have you seen these insects?

This publication illustrates some of the most unwanted pests in the U.S. including beetles and weevils, scales, mealybugs, and bugs, moths and their caterpillars, and thrips. It includes their description, distribution and host plants, as well as information for reporting of pests

‘Ike Hawai‘i – A Training Program for Working with Native Hawaiians

Native Hawaiians in Hawai‘i experience multiple health and social problems and are highly represented in the child welfare system, in particular. There is increasing attention to the argument that some problems derive from historic trauma. The importance of the relationship of history to contemporary problems was a fundamental premise in the development of a training model for social work students. This paper describes ‘Ike Hawai‘i, a training model intended to improve the cultural competency of social work students working with Native Hawaiian clients in the public child welfare system. There are six main elements of this training: 1) Self-Disclosure, 2) Hawaiian Worldview, 3) Grief and Loss, 4) Hawaiian Historical Events, with a focus on the Mahele and the overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy, 5) Current Day Strengths and Challenges, and 6) Cultural Ways of Healing and Practical Suggestions for Working with Native Hawaiians. Evaluative scores and comments from students indicate that the training program has been found to be useful and helpful in their work with Native Hawaiian clients. Such a model, with its emphasis on experiential learning, self-awareness, cultural knowledge, and service implications, may have applicability for other populations and, in particular, other native peoples

Quarantine Pests Commonly Found in Shipments from Hawaii

Thirty-five pests are illustrated in this poster, including ants, scales, mealybugs, hoppers, slugs, and others

Attractiveness of Gel, Granular, Paste, and Solid Formulations of Ant Bait Insecticides to the Little Fire Ant, Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), was first detected in plant nurseries in the Puna district of Hawaii island in 1999. W. auropunctata has since spread throughout Hawaii island, and is reported in homes, landscapes, plant nurseries and orchards, and forested areas. This study evaluated: 1) the attractiveness of several granular, liquid, gel, and paste insecticidal ant baits for homeowner and commercial use as compared with the standard granular baits containing hydramethylnon known to be attractive to and effective against W. auropunctata, and 2) the effects of weathering on granular bait attractiveness. Field attractiveness choice tests were conducted in an infested 37.2-m2 plot, and worker ant foraging and recruitment were recorded at 15-min intervals for 2 h. Granular and paste products that were as attractive as standard granular baits (Amdro Fire Ant Bait, Probait) included others formulated with hydramethylnon, abamectin, hydramethylnon and S-methoprene, indoxacarb, fipronil, and metaflumizone. None of the gel or liquid ant bait products evaluated (active ingredients hydramethylnon, sodium tetraborate pentahydrate, thiameth- oxam, fipronil or indoxacarb) were attractive to foraging workers. Attraction of these baits could possibly be improved with inclusion of preferred food sources, such as peanut butter or animal-based protein. Attractiveness of granular ant baits exposed to 7 and 14 days of weathering fell by 40 to 96% as compared to fresh deposits. Corn grit baits should be formulated to preserve attractiveness in tropical environments with high rainfall

Real-time ultrasound (RTU) imaging methods for quality control of meats

In this chapter the use of real-time ultrasonography to predict in vivo carcass composition and meat traits will be reviewed. The chapter begins by discussing background and principles of ultrasound. Then aspects affecting the suitability of realtime ultrasonography and image analysis for predicting carcass composition and meat traits of meat producing species and fish will be presented. This chapter also provides an overview of the present and future trends in the application of real-time ultrasonography in the meat industry. © 2012 Woodhead Publishing Limited All rights reserved.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Free-Living Turtles Are a Reservoir for Salmonella but Not for Campylobacter

Different studies have reported the prevalence of Salmonella in turtles and its role in reptile-associated salmonellosis in humans, but there is a lack of scientific literature related with the epidemiology of Campylobacter in turtles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in free-living native (Emys orbicularis, n=83) and exotic (Trachemys scripta elegans, n=117) turtles from 11 natural ponds in Eastern Spain. In addition, different types of samples (cloacal swabs, intestinal content and water from Turtle containers) were compared. Regardless of the turtle species, natural ponds where individuals were captured and the type of sample taken, Campylobacter was not detected. Salmonella was isolated in similar proportions in native (8.0±3.1%) and exotic (15.0±3.3%) turtles (p=0.189). The prevalence of Salmonella positive turtles was associated with the natural ponds where animals were captured. Captured turtles from 8 of the 11 natural ponds were positive, ranged between 3.0±3.1% and 60.0±11.0%. Serotyping revealed 8 different serovars among four Salmonella enterica subspecies: S. enterica subsp. enterica (n = 21), S. enterica subsp. salamae (n = 2), S. enterica subsp. diarizonae (n = 3), and S. enterica subsp. houtenae (n = 1). Two serovars were predominant: S. Thompson (n=16) and S. typhimurium (n=3). In addition, there was an effect of sample type on Salmonella detection. The highest isolation of Salmonella was obtained from intestinal content samples (12.0±3.0%), while lower percentages were found for water from the containers and cloacal swabs (8.0±2.5% and 3.0±1.5%, respectively). Our results imply that free-living turtles are a risk factor for Salmonella transmission, but do not seem to be a reservoir for Campylobacter. We therefore rule out turtles as a risk factor for human campylobacteriosis. Nevertheless, further studies should be undertaken in other countries to confirm these results.This work was supported by the Conselleria de Infraestructura, Territorio y Medio Ambiente for their assistance and financial support (Life09-Trachemys, Resolution 28/02/12 CITMA). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Marín, C.; Ingresa-Capaccioni, S.; González Bodí, S.; Marco Jiménez, F.; Vega Garcia, S. (2013). Free-Living Turtles Are a Reservoir for Salmonella but Not for Campylobacter. PLoS ONE. 8(8):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072350S1688(2012). The European Union Summary Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents and Food‐borne Outbreaks in 2010. EFSA Journal, 10(3). doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2597Kapperud, G. (2003). Factors Associated with Increased and Decreased Risk of Campylobacter Infection: A Prospective Case-Control Study in Norway. American Journal of Epidemiology, 158(3), 234-242. doi:10.1093/aje/kwg139Mermin, J., Hutwagner, L., Vugia, D., Shallow, S., Daily, P., … Bender, J. (2004). Reptiles, Amphibians, and HumanSalmonellaInfection: A Population‐Based, Case‐Control Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 38(s3), S253-S261. doi:10.1086/381594De Jong, B., Andersson, Y., & Ekdahl, K. (2005). Effect of Regulation and Education on Reptile-associated Salmonellosis. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 11(3), 398-403. doi:10.3201/eid1103.040694NAKADAI, A., KUROKI, T., KATO, Y., SUZUKI, R., YAMAI, S., YAGINUMA, C., … HAYASHIDANI, H. (2005). Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in Pet Reptiles in Japan. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 67(1), 97-101. doi:10.1292/jvms.67.97Lafuente, S., Bellido, J. B., Moraga, F. A., Herrera, S., Yagüe, A., Montalvo, T., … Caylà, J. A. (2013). Salmonella paratyphi B and Salmonella litchfield outbreaks associated with pet turtle exposure in Spain. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, 31(1), 32-35. doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2012.05.013Van PELT, W., de WIT, M. A. S., WANNET, W. J. B., LIGTVOET, E. J. J., WIDDOWSON, M. A., & van DUYNHOVEN, Y. T. H. P. (2003). Laboratory surveillance of bacterial gastroenteric pathogens in The Netherlands, 1991–2001. Epidemiology and Infection, 130(3), 431-441. doi:10.1017/s0950268803008392Havelaar, A. H., Haagsma, J. A., Mangen, M.-J. J., Kemmeren, J. M., Verhoef, L. P. B., Vijgen, S. M. C., … van Pelt, W. (2012). Disease burden of foodborne pathogens in the Netherlands, 2009. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 156(3), 231-238. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.03.029DOORDUYN, Y., VAN PELT, W., SIEZEN, C. L. E., VAN DER HORST, F., VAN DUYNHOVEN, Y. T. H. P., HOEBEE, B., & JANSSEN, R. (2007). Novel insight in the association between salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis and chronic illness, and the role of host genetics in susceptibility to these diseases. Epidemiology and Infection, 136(9), 1225-1234. doi:10.1017/s095026880700996xHAAGSMA, J. A., SIERSEMA, P. D., DE WIT, N. J., & HAVELAAR, A. H. (2010). Disease burden of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome in The Netherlands. Epidemiology and Infection, 138(11), 1650-1656. doi:10.1017/s0950268810000531Allos, B. M., & Blaser, M. J. (1995). Campylobacter jejuni and the Expanding Spectrum of Related Infections. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 1092-1101. doi:10.1093/clinids/20.5.1092Friedman, C. R., Hoekstra, R. M., Samuel, M., Marcus, R., Bender, J., … Shiferaw, B. (2004). Risk Factors for SporadicCampylobacterInfection in the United States: A Case‐Control Study in FoodNet Sites. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 38(s3), S285-S296. doi:10.1086/381598STUDAHL, A., & ANDERSSON, Y. (2000). Risk factors for indigenous campylobacter infection: a Swedish case-control study. Epidemiology and Infection, 125(2), 269-275. doi:10.1017/s0950268899004562NEIMANN, J., ENGBERG, J., MØLBAK, K., & WEGENER, H. C. (2003). A case–control study of risk factors for sporadic campylobacter infections in Denmark. Epidemiology and Infection, 130(3), 353-366. doi:10.1017/s0950268803008355DOORDUYN, Y., VAN DEN BRANDHOF, W. E., VAN DUYNHOVEN, Y. T. H. P., BREUKINK, B. J., WAGENAAR, J. A., & VAN PELT, W. (2010). Risk factors for indigenous Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli infections in The Netherlands: a case-control study. Epidemiology and Infection, 138(10), 1391-1404. doi:10.1017/s095026881000052xSchroter, M., Roggentin, P., Hofmann, J., Speicher, A., Laufs, R., & Mack, D. (2004). Pet Snakes as a Reservoir for Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae (Serogroup IIIb): a Prospective Study. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(1), 613-615. doi:10.1128/aem.70.1.613-615.2004Van Meervenne, E., Botteldoorn, N., Lokietek, S., Vatlet, M., Cupa, A., Naranjo, M., … Bertrand, S. (2009). Turtle-associated Salmonella septicaemia and meningitis in a 2-month-old baby. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 58(10), 1379-1381. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.012146-0Williams, L. P. (1965). Pet Turtles as a Cause of Human Salmonellosis. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 192(5), 347. doi:10.1001/jama.1965.03080180005001Feeley, J. C., & Treger, M. D. (1969). Penetration of Turtle Eggs by Salmonella braenderup. Public Health Reports (1896-1970), 84(2), 156. doi:10.2307/4593527Mermin, J., Hoar, B., & Angulo, F. J. (1997). Iguanas and Salmonella Marina Infection in Children: A Reflection of the Increasing Incidence of Reptile-associated Salmonellosis in the United States. PEDIATRICS, 99(3), 399-402. doi:10.1542/peds.99.3.399Rodgers, G. L., Long, S. S., Smergel, E., & Dampier, C. (2002). Salmonella Infection Associated With a Pet Lizard in Siblings With Sickle Cell Anemia: An Avoidable Risk. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, 24(1), 75-76. doi:10.1097/00043426-200201000-00020Tu, Z.-C., Zeitlin, G., Gagner, J.-P., Keo, T., Hanna, B. A., & Blaser, M. J. (2004). Campylobacter fetus of Reptile Origin as a Human Pathogen. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42(9), 4405-4407. doi:10.1128/jcm.42.9.4405-4407.2004Hidalgo-Vila, J., Díaz-Paniagua, C., Pérez-Santigosa, N., de Frutos-Escobar, C., & Herrero-Herrero, A. (2008). Salmonella in free-living exotic and native turtles and in pet exotic turtles from SW Spain. Research in Veterinary Science, 85(3), 449-452. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.01.011Harris, J. R., Neil, K. P., Behravesh, C. B., Sotir, M. J., & Angulo, F. J. (2010). Recent Multistate Outbreaks of HumanSalmonellaInfections Acquired from Turtles: A Continuing Public Health Challenge. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 50(4), 554-559. doi:10.1086/649932Geue, L., & Löschner, U. (2002). Salmonella enterica in reptiles of German and Austrian origin. Veterinary Microbiology, 84(1-2), 79-91. doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(01)00437-0Sánchez-Jiménez, M. M., Rincón-Ruiz, P. A., Duque, S., Giraldo, M. A., Ramírez-Monroy, D. M., Jaramillo, G., & Cardona-Castro, N. (2011). Salmonella enterica in semi-aquatic turtles in Colombia. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 5(05), 361-364. doi:10.3855/jidc.1126HEALTH SURVEY OF WILD AND CAPTIVE BOG TURTLES (CLEMMYS MUHLENBERGII) IN NORTH CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA. (2002). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 33(4), 311-316. doi:10.1638/1042-7260(2002)033[0311:hsowac]2.0.co;2Richards, J. M., Brown, J. D., Kelly, T. R., Fountain, A. L., & Sleeman, J. M. (2004). ABSENCE OF DETECTABLE SALMONELLA CLOACAL SHEDDING IN FREE-LIVING REPTILES ON ADMISSION TO THE WILDLIFE CENTER OF VIRGINIA. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 35(4), 562-563. doi:10.1638/03-070Hidalgo-Vila, J., Díaz-Paniagua, C., de Frutos-Escobar, C., Jiménez-Martínez, C., & Pérez-Santigosa, N. (2007). Salmonella in free living terrestrial and aquatic turtles. Veterinary Microbiology, 119(2-4), 311-315. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.08.012Acheson, D., & Allos, B. M. (2001). Campylobacter jejuni Infections: Update on Emerging Issues and Trends. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 32(8), 1201-1206. doi:10.1086/319760Briones, V., Tellez, S., Goyache, J., Ballesteros, C., del Pilar Lanzarot, M., Dominguez, L., & Fernandez-Garayzabal, J. F. (2004). Salmonella diversity associated with wild reptiles and amphibians in Spain. Environmental Microbiology, 6(8), 868-871. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2004.00631.xMan, S. M. (2011). The clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 8(12), 669-685. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2011.191Ugarte-Ruiz, M., Gómez-Barrero, S., Porrero, M. C., Álvarez, J., García, M., Comerón, M. C., … Domínguez, L. (2012). Evaluation of four protocols for the detection and isolation of thermophilic Campylobacter from different matrices. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 113(1), 200-208. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05323.xJeffrey, J. S., Tonooka, K. H., & Lozanot, J. (2001). Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. from Skin, Crop, and Intestine of Commercial Broiler Chicken Carcasses at Processing. Poultry Science, 80(9), 1390-1392. doi:10.1093/ps/80.9.1390Perko-Mäkelä, P., Isohanni, P., Katzav, M., Lund, M., Hänninen, M.-L., & Lyhs, U. (2009). A longitudinal study of Campylobacter distribution in a turkey production chain. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 51(1). doi:10.1186/1751-0147-51-18Saelinger, C. A., Lewbart, G. A., Christian, L. S., & Lemons, C. L. (2006). Prevalence ofSalmonellaspp in cloacal, fecal, and gastrointestinal mucosal samples from wild North American turtles. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 229(2), 266-268. doi:10.2460/javma.229.2.266Chambers, D. L., & Hulse, A. C. (2006). Salmonella Serovars in the Herpetofauna of Indiana County, Pennsylvania. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72(5), 3771-3773. doi:10.1128/aem.72.5.3771-3773.2006Gaertner, J. P., Hahn, D., Jackson, J., Forstner, M. R. J., & Rose, F. L. (2008). Detection of Salmonellae in Captive and Free-Ranging Turtles Using Enrichment Culture and Polymerase Chain Reaction. Journal of Herpetology, 42(2), 223-231. doi:10.1670/07-1731.1Magnino, S., Colin, P., Dei-Cas, E., Madsen, M., McLauchlin, J., Nöckler, K., … Van Peteghem, C. (2009). Biological risks associated with consumption of reptile products. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 134(3), 163-175. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.07.001XIA, X., ZHAO, S., SMITH, A., MCEVOY, J., MENG, J., & BHAGWAT, A. (2009). Characterization of Salmonella isolates from retail foods based on serotyping, pulse field gel electrophoresis, antibiotic resistance and other phenotypic properties. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 129(1), 93-98. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.11.007Franco, A., Hendriksen, R. S., Lorenzetti, S., Onorati, R., Gentile, G., Dell’Omo, G., … Battisti, A. (2011). Characterization of Salmonella Occurring at High Prevalence in a Population of the Land Iguana Conolophus subcristatus in Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. PLoS ONE, 6(8), e23147. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023147Scheelings, T. F., Lightfoot, D., & Holz, P. (2011). PREVALENCE OF SALMONELLA IN AUSTRALIAN REPTILES. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 47(1), 1-11. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-47.1.1Pasmans, F., Blahak, S., Martel, A., & Pantchev, N. (2008). Introducing reptiles into a captive collection: The role of the veterinarian. The Veterinary Journal, 175(1), 53-68. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.12.009Strohl, P., Tilly, B., Fremy, S., Brisabois, A., & Guerin-Faublee, V. (2004). Prevalence of Salmonella shedding in faeces by captive chelonians. Veterinary Record, 154(2), 56-58. doi:10.1136/vr.154.2.5