Characterization of Cider Apple Fruits According to Their Degree of Ripening. A Chemometric Approach

A chemometric study was carried out in order to typify cider apples according to their degree of ripening. Several chemical variables (sugars, organic acids, amino acids, polyphenols, and pectins) were analyzed using HPLC and FIA methods. Univariate data treatment was not sufficient to allow the apple varieties to be differentiated according to their stage of ripening. Two linear combinations of original variables, ascertained by principal component analysis (PCA), provided an adequate data structurization. To classify apples by their degree of ripening, a mathematical decision rule was established with a prediction capacity of 85% using a LDA method; the most relevant variables in the canonical function ascertained by LDA were sugars, pectins, malic acid, glycine, serine, valine, and glutamic acid. The use of the PLS-2 algorithm demonstrated the influence of the ripening process on the chemical composition of the fruits (R2: 91.7%) and furthermore allowed authors to differentiate apple varieties according to their degree of ripening

Phylogenetic prospecting for cryptic species of the genus Merluccius (Actinopterygii: Merlucciidae).

Hakes of the genus Merluccius include 11 valid species as well a number of rare morphotypes suspected to be “cryptic species”. Concatenated nucDNA ITS1-rDNA and mtDNA cyt b sequences plus nested ITS1Nes sequences allowed to ascribe 14 specimens of nine rare morphotypes from the South Pacific and the South Atlantic to the phylogenetic backbone of this genus. Bayesian analyses pointed to M. bilinearis and M. albidus as the oldest species of the genus and the New World cluster, respectively. The phylogenetic status of M. angustimanus from the upper Gulf of California suggests its hybrid origin between M. gayi and M. productus from about 0.25 MYA, although an ever since confinement of a subset of those species cannot be ruled out. The molecular phylodiagnostic test suggests a common origin of all rare morphotypes and the absence of cryptic hake species in the Southern Cone. The molecular background of the morphotypes distributed between the Western Pacific South of New Zealand and the western Atlantic South of Argentina is compatible with their hybrid origin between M. gayi and both, M. australis or M. hubbsi, respectively.This research was partially supported with the project LETSHAKE (AGL2013-4846-R) co-funded by MINECO (Ministerio Español de Economía y Competitividad) and EU-FEDER to M.P. as well as with grant (IN607B 2018/14) to M. P. from Xunta de Galicia-Axencia Galega de Innovación. This work was also partly funded with grants from “Consellería de Educación e Ordenación Universitaria Xunta de Galicia (Galician Regional Government) cofunding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the framework of the Operational Program Galicia 2014–2020 (CIM-UVIGO), “A way to build Europe”.Versión del edito

Metodología de reclutamiento y características de una cohorte de jóvenes consumidores habituales de cocaína de tres ciudades españolas (Proyecto Itínere-cocaína)

ResumenFundamentoLos sistemas de información sociosanitaria que monitorizan el consumo de drogas no profundizan en el análisis de las características sociodemográficas y de los patrones de consumo, ni en los factores que condicionan los problemas de salud. Se describe la metodología de reclutamiento y las características de una cohorte de jóvenes consumidores de cocaína.MétodosCohorte prospectiva de 720 consumidores de cocaína que no consumen habitualmente heroína, captados en la comunidad, independientemente de los servicios asistenciales, mediante métodos de referencia en cadena en las áreas metropolitanas de Madrid, Barcelona y Sevilla. Cuestionario administrado por ordenador y parcialmente autoadministrado. Análisis estratificado por ciudad y por frecuencia de consumo de cocaína base.ResultadosEn los últimos 12 meses el 58,8% había consumido cocaína entre 1 y 2 días por semana; el 91,9% habitualmente la había esnifado, un 5,3% fumado y sólo un 2,8% inyectado; el 6,1% la había utilizado la mitad de las veces o más en forma de base. Hubo policonsumo con cannabis (93,6%), éxtasis (73,2%) y anfetaminas (60,6%); un 4,0% se había inyectado alguna droga. Los que habían usado «crack» (22,1%) tenían un menor nivel educativo, un consumo de cocaína más intenso, mayor prevalencia de consumo de otras drogas, en especial opioides, y prevalencia de inyección mucho más alta.ConclusionesEl estudio confirma y completa el perfil sociodemográfico y de consumo ofrecido por los sistemas de información basados en servicios o las encuestas poblacionales, en especial que una gran parte de los consumidores jóvenes son esporádicos y que existen dos subpoblaciones muy diferenciadas según el consumo o no de cocaína base.AbstractBackgroundHealth information systems that monitor drug use do not perform in-depth analyses of sociodemographic characteristics and patterns of use, or of the factors that influence health problems. We describe the recruitment methodology and characteristics of a cohort of young cocaine users.MethodsA prospective cohort of 720 cocaine users who were not regular heroin users, recruited in the community independently of the health services by chain referral methods in the metropolitan areas of Madrid, Barcelona and Seville was studied. A computer-administered and partially self-administered questionnaire was used. A stratified analysis by city and by frequency of base cocaine use was performed.ResultsIn the previous 12 months, 58.8% had used cocaine 1-2 days/week; 91.9% sniffed it regularly, 5.3 smoked it, and only 2.8% injected it; 6.1% had used it at least half the time in the form of base cocaine. Polydrug use was observed with cannabis (93.6%), ecstasy (73.2%) and amphetamines (60.6%). Approximately 4.0% had injected at least one drug. Crack users (22.1%) had a lower educational level, more intensive cocaine use, a higher prevalence of other drug use, especially opioids, and a much higher prevalence of injection.ConclusionsThis study confirms and completes the sociodemographic and drug profile provided by the information systems based on health services or population surveys. The results show that a large proportion of young cocaine users consume the drug sporadically and that two very different subpopulations exist, according to whether or not they use base cocaine

CarbonFT. Estimación de la huella de carbono en plantaciones de cítricos mediante dispositivos móviles

Existe hoy en día una concienciación mundial por reducir los llamados gases de efecto invernadero emitidos a la atmósfera y en especial el CO2, dada su influencia negativa en el calentamiento global. El cultivo de cítricos es uno de los más importantes en el mundo y por ello la estimación de su huella de carbono resulta de gran relevancia, y más en un contexto de cambio climático. Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo de la aplicación CarbonFT para dispositivos móviles que realiza la estimación de la huella de carbono en plantaciones de cítricos. El usuario debe introducir mediante un interfaz amigable algunos datos relativos a la plantación a analizar, tales como la edad y superficie de la plantación, la densidad del cultivo (mediante el número de árboles por hectárea o el marco de plantación) y el tipo de riego. Una vez introducidos los datos y tras pulsar el botón de cálculo se ofrecen los resultados de cantidad de CO2 en toneladas que la plantación es capaz de fijar por año. Además, se presenta una escala de bondad fácilmente comprensible dónde se sitúa la plantación y se acompaña con una explicación del resultado seguida de una serie de recomendaciones con objeto de mejorar la captación de carbono por parte de la parcela en cuestión. La aplicación se puede ejecutar en cualquier dispositivo móvil con el sistema operativo Android y está disponible para su descarga gratuita en la plataforma Google Play Store

Activity from SAX J1747.0-2853 and KS 1741-293 detected by INTEGRAL Galactic Bulge Monitoring

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Discovery of Very High Energy gamma-rays from 1ES 1011+496 at z=0.212

We report on the discovery of Very High Energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from the BL Lacertae object 1ES1011+496. The observation was triggered by an optical outburst in March 2007 and the source was observed with the MAGIC telescope from March to May 2007. Observing for 18.7 hr we find an excess of 6.2 sigma with an integrated flux above 200 GeV of (1.58$\pm0.32) 10^{-11}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. The VHE gamma-ray flux is >40% higher than in March-April 2006 (reported elsewhere), indicating that the VHE emission state may be related to the optical emission state. We have also determined the redshift of 1ES1011+496 based on an optical spectrum that reveals the absorption lines of the host galaxy. The redshift of z=0.212 makes 1ES1011+496 the most distant source observed to emit VHE gamma-rays up to date.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, minor changes to fit the ApJ versio

Discovery of Very High Energy γ\gamma-Rays from Markarian~180 Triggered by an Optical Outburst

The high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae object Markarian~180 (Mrk~180) was observed to have an optical outburst in 2006 March, triggering a Target of Opportunity observation with the MAGIC telescope. The source was observed for 12.4 hr and very high energy $\gamma$-ray emission was detected with a significance of 5.5 $\sigma$. An integral flux above 200 GeV of $(2.3\pm0.7)\times10^{-11} {cm}^{-2} {s}^{-1}$ was measured, corresponding to 11% of the Crab Nebula flux. A rather soft spectrum with a photon index of $-3.3\pm0.7$ has been determined. No significant flux variation was found.Comment: Accepted by ApJ Letters, minor revision

Ni-62(n,gamma) and Ni-63(n,gamma) cross sections measured at the n_TOF facility at CERN

The cross section of the Ni-62(n,gamma) reaction was measured with the time-of-flight technique at the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN. Capture kernels of 42 resonances were analyzed up to 200 keV neutron energy and Maxwellian averaged cross sections (MACS) from kT = 5-100 keV were calculated. With a total uncertainty of 4.5%, the stellar cross section is in excellent agreement with the the KADoNiS compilation at kT = 30 keV, while being systematically lower up to a factor of 1.6 at higher stellar temperatures. The cross section of the Ni-63(n,gamma) reaction was measured for the first time at n_TOF. We determined unresolved cross sections from 10 to 270 keV with a systematic uncertainty of 17%. These results provide fundamental constraints on s-process production of heavier species, especially the production of Cu in massive stars, which serve as the dominant source of Cu in the solar system.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

MAGIC observations of very high energy gamma-rays from HESS J1813-178

Recently, the HESS collaboration has reported the detection of gamma-ray emission above a few hundred GeV from eight new sources located close to the Galactic Plane. The source HESS J1813-178 has sparked particular interest, as subsequent radio observations imply an association with SNR G12.82-0.02. Triggered by the detection in VHE gamma-rays, a positionally coincident source has also been found in INTEGRAL and ASCA data. In this Letter we present MAGIC observations of HESS J1813-178, resulting in the detection of a differential gamma-ray flux consistent with a hard-slope power law, described as dN/(dA dt dE) = (3.3+/-0.5)*10^{-12} (E/TeV)^{-2.1+/-0.2} cm^(-2)s^(-1)TeV^(-1). We briefly discuss the observational technique used, the procedure implemented for the data analysis, and put this detection in the perspective of multifrequency observations.Comment: Accepted by ApJ Letter