138 research outputs found
Parasympathetic functions in children with sensory processing disorder.
The overall goal of this study was to determine if parasympathetic nervous system (PsNS) activity is a significant biomarker of sensory processing difficulties in children. Several studies have demonstrated that PsNS activity is an important regulator of reactivity in children, and thus, it is of interest to study whether PsNS activity is related to sensory reactivity in children who have a type of condition associated with sensory processing disorders termed sensory modulation dysfunction (SMD). If so, this will have important implications for understanding the mechanisms underlying sensory processing problems of children and for developing intervention strategies to address them. The primary aims of this project were: (1) to evaluate PsNS activity in children with SMD compared to typically developing (TYP) children, and (2) to determine if PsNS activity is a significant predictor of sensory behaviors and adaptive functions among children with SMD. We examine PsNS activity during the Sensory Challenge Protocol; which includes baseline, the administration of eight sequential stimuli in five sensory domains, recovery, and also evaluate response to a prolonged auditory stimulus. As a secondary aim we examined whether subgroups of children with specific physiological and behavioral sensory reactivity profiles can be identified. Results indicate that as a total group the children with severe SMD demonstrated a trend for low baseline PsNS activity, compared to TYP children, suggesting this may be a biomarker for SMD. In addition, children with SMD as a total group demonstrated significantly poorer adaptive behavior in the communication and daily living subdomains and in the overall Adaptive Behavior Composite of the Vineland than TYP children. Using latent class analysis, the subjects were grouped by severity and the severe SMD group had significantly lower PsNS activity at baseline, tones and prolonged auditory. These results provide preliminary evidence that children who demonstrate severe SMD may have physiological activity that is different from children without SMD, and that these physiological and behavioral manifestations of SMD may affect a child\u27s ability to engage in everyday social, communication, and daily living skills
The Lantern Vol. 59, No. 1, December 1991
β’ And I Believed Them β’ Silly Rabbit β’ The Sky Seemed Endless β’ Here Boy β’ Bill the Person β’ The Crash β’ Gifts of Edward Charles and Me β’ Inspiration Incorporated β’ The Last Morning β’ Something\u27s Fishy β’ The Comforter β’ The Castle Builders β’ Saturday Skeleton Crew β’ The Convent\u27s Light β’ In My Veins β’ My Own Little Hell β’ Idling β’ You Know Who You Are β’ Pooh β’ The Pondhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1140/thumbnail.jp
The chemical characterisation of halo substructure in the Milky Way based on APOGEE
Galactic haloes in a -Cold Dark Matter (CDM) universe are
predicted to host today a swarm of debris resulting from cannibalised dwarf
galaxies that have been accreted via the process of hierarchical mass assembly.
The chemo-dynamical information recorded in the Galactic stellar populations
associated with such systems helps elucidate their nature, placing constraints
on the mass assembly history of the Milky Way. Using data from the APOGEE and
\textit{Gaia} surveys, we examine APOGEE targets belonging to the following
substructures in the stellar halo: Heracles, \textit{Gaia}-Enceladus/Sausage
(GES), Sagittarius dSph, the Helmi stream, Sequoia, Thamnos, Aleph, LMS-1,
Arjuna, I'itoi, Nyx, Icarus, and Pontus. We examine the distributions of all
substructures in chemical space, considering the abundances of elements
sampling various nucleosynthetic pathways. Our main findings include: {\it i)}
the chemical properties of GES, Heracles, the Helmi stream, Sequoia, Thamnos,
LMS-1, Arjuna, and I'itoi match qualitatively those of dwarf satellites of the
Milky Way, such as the Sagittarius dSph; {\it ii)} the abundance pattern of the
recently discovered inner Galaxy substructure Heracles differs statistically
from that of populations formed {\it in situ}. Heracles also differs chemically
from all other substructures; {\it iii)} the abundance patterns of Sequoia
(selected in various ways), Arjuna, LMS-1, and I'itoi are indistinguishable
from that of GES, indicating a possible common origin; {\it iv)} the abundance
patterns of the Helmi stream and Thamnos substructures are different from all
other halo substructures; {\it v)} the chemical properties of Nyx and Aleph are
very similar to those of disc stars, implying that these substructures likely
have an \textit{in situ} origin.Comment: Submitted to MNRAS. 39 page
A Tale of Two Disks: Mapping the Milky Way with the Final Data Release of APOGEE
We present new maps of the Milky Way disk showing the distribution of
metallicity ([Fe/H]), -element abundances ([Mg/Fe]), and stellar age,
using a sample of 66,496 red giant stars from the final data release (DR17) of
the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey. We
measure radial and vertical gradients, quantify the distribution functions for
age and metallicity, and explore chemical clock relations across the Milky Way
for the low- disk, high- disk, and total population
independently. The low- disk exhibits a negative radial metallicity
gradient of dex kpc, which flattens with distance from
the midplane. The high- disk shows a flat radial gradient in
metallicity and age across nearly all locations of the disk. The age and
metallicity distribution functions shift from negatively skewed in the inner
Galaxy to positively skewed at large radius. Significant bimodality in the
[Mg/Fe]-[Fe/H] plane and in the [Mg/Fe]-age relation persist across the entire
disk. The age estimates have typical uncertainties of in (age)
and may be subject to additional systematic errors, which impose limitations on
conclusions drawn from this sample. Nevertheless, these results act as critical
constraints on galactic evolution models, constraining which physical processes
played a dominant role in the formation of the Milky Way disk. We discuss how
radial migration predicts many of the observed trends near the solar
neighborhood and in the outer disk, but an additional more dramatic evolution
history, such as the multi-infall model or a merger event, is needed to explain
the chemical and age bimodality elsewhere in the Galaxy.Comment: 41 pages, 32 figures, accepted to Ap
Validation of a self-efficacy instrument and its relationship to performance of crisis resource management skills
Self-efficacy is thought to be important for resuscitation proficiency in that it influences the development of and access to the associated medical knowledge, procedural skills and crisis resource management (CRM) skills. Since performance assessment of CRM skills is challenging, self-efficacy is often used as a measure of competence in this area. While self-efficacy may influence performance, the true relationship between self-efficacy and performance in this setting has not been delineated. We developed an instrument to measure pediatric residentsβ self-efficacy in CRM skills and assessed its content validity, internal structure, and relationship to other variables. After administering the instrument to 125 pediatric residents, critical care fellows and faculty, we performed an exploratory factor analysis within a confirmatory factor analysis as well as a known group comparison. The analyses specified four factors that we defined as: situation awareness, team management, environment management, and decision making. Pediatric residents reported lower self-efficacy than fellows and faculty in each factor. We also examined the correlation between self-efficacy and performance scores for a subset of 30 residents who led video recorded simulated resuscitations and had their performances rated by three observers. We found a significant, positive correlation between residentsβ self-efficacy in situation awareness and environment management and their overall performance of CRM skills. Our findings suggest that in a specific context, self-efficacy as a form of self-assessment may be informative with regards to performance
The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in
operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from
this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release
Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first
two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14
is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all
data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14
is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation
Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the
Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2),
including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine
learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes
from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous
release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of
the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the
important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both
targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS
website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to
data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is
planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be
followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14
happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov
2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections
only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected
Quinpirole elicits differential in vivo changes in the pre- and postsynaptic distributions of dopamine D2 receptors in mouse striatum: relation to cannabinoid-1 (CB1) receptor targeting
Central Role of the Holliday Junction Helicase RuvAB in vlsE Recombination and Infectivity of Borrelia burgdorferi
Antigenic variation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of many infectious bacteria and protozoa including Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. VlsE, a 35 kDa surface-exposed lipoprotein, undergoes antigenic variation during B. burgdorferi infection of mammalian hosts, and is believed to be a critical mechanism by which the spirochetes evade immune clearance. Random, segmental recombination between the expressed vlsE gene and adjacent vls silent cassettes generates a large number of different VlsE variants within the infected host. Although the occurrence and importance of vlsE sequence variation is well established, little is known about the biological mechanism of vlsE recombination. To identify factors important in antigenic variation and vlsE recombination, we screened transposon mutants of genes known to be involved in DNA recombination and repair for their effects on infectivity and vlsE recombination. Several mutants, including those in BB0023 (ruvA), BB0022 (ruvB), BB0797 (mutS), and BB0098 (mutS-II), showed reduced infectivity in immunocompetent C3H/HeN mice. Mutants in ruvA and ruvB exhibited greatly reduced rates of vlsE recombination in C3H/HeN mice, as determined by restriction fragment polymorphism (RFLP) screening and DNA sequence analysis. In severe combined immunodeficiency (C3H/scid) mice, the ruvA mutant retained full infectivity; however, all recovered clones retained the βparentalβ vlsE sequence, consistent with low rates of vlsE recombination. These results suggest that the reduced infectivity of ruvA and ruvB mutants is the result of ineffective vlsE recombination and underscores the important role that vlsE recombination plays in immune evasion. Based on functional studies in other organisms, the RuvAB complex of B. burgdorferi may promote branch migration of Holliday junctions during vlsE recombination. Our findings are consistent with those in the accompanying article by Dresser et al., and together these studies provide the first examples of trans-acting factors involved in vlsE recombination
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