The child as a person and its relation with the rights of the child

[EN] The establishment of the rights of the child has led to some controversy on the issue of their normative foundations. One of these difficulties takes as a main reason the attribution of the status of person to the minors as a requirement to be rights holders. The different perspectives that are taken into account to consider the child as a moral person are outlined below as well as the difficulties and controversies to which it has given rise. There are different ideas about the status of the rights of the child, depending on the results of the different scientific disciplines on the person and according to the perspective adopted. The human person raised the problem of the connection between individuality and its relationship with the idea of person. I will contend that the status of child as a moral person implies the universal recognition of his/her individuality, as a rules of ethical nature. However, the quality of being an individual person will only be reached in the bosom of certain social configuration capable of providing value to the organic individuality. This being so, the rights of the child were proclaimed from the ideological point of view of its legislators. But there are other possible ideological alternatives.[ES] La fundamentación normativa de los derechos del niño dista mucho de ser una cuestión clara y distinta, constituyendo todo un inventario de dificultades. Una de estas dificultades tiene como principal motivo la atribución de la categoría de persona a los menores de edad como requisito para ser titulares de derechos. Se exponen las distintas perspectivas que se tienen en cuenta para considerar al niño como persona moral así como las dificultades y controversias a las que ha dado lugar. En función de los diferentes resultados de las disciplinas científicas sobre la persona y según la perspectiva adoptada, se tienen ideas diferentes sobre el estatus de los derechos del niño. El problema principal que suscita la idea de persona humana podría ser planteado como el problema de la naturaleza de la conexión entre la individualidad y su relación con la idea de persona. Siendo esto así, se señala que la consideración del niño como persona supone el reconocimiento universal, como norma de carácter ético, de su individualidad. Sin embargo, el estado de sujeto personal sólo se alcanzará plenamente en el seno de una determinada configuración social capaz de dotar de valor a dicha individualidad. Siendo esto así, los derechos del niño se enuncian desde los fundamentos ideológicos y doctrinales de los legisladores que los declaran, con la artificiosidad y limitaciones que tales coordenadas llevan consigo y en pugna con otras posibles alternativas ideológicas también presentes.Lozano Vicente, A. (2016). El niño como persona y su relación con los derechos del niño. Revista sobre la infancia y la adolescencia. (11):1-17. doi:10.4995/reinad.2016.3867.SWORD1171

Targeting the delivery of systemically administered haematopoietic stem / progenitor cells to the inflamed colon using hydrogen peroxide and platelet microparticle pre-treatment strategies

AbstractHaematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSC) therapy may be promising for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disorders (IBDs). However, clinical success remains poor, partly explained by limited HSC recruitment following systemic delivery. The mechanisms governing HSC adhesion within inflamed colon, and whether this event can be enhanced, are not known. An immortalised HSC-like line (HPC7) was pre-treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), activated platelet releasate enriched supernatant (PES) or platelet microparticles (PMPs). Subsequent adhesion was monitored using adhesion assays or in vivo ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) and colitis injured mouse colon intravitally. Integrin clustering was determined confocally and cell morphology using scanning electron microscopy. Both injuries resulted in increased HPC7 adhesion within colonic mucosal microcirculation. H2O2 and PES significantly enhanced adhesion in vitro and in the colitis, but not IR injured, colon. PMPs had no effect on adhesion. PES and PMPs induced clustering of integrins on the HPC7 surface, but did not alter their expression. Adhesion to the colon is modulated by injury but only in colitis injury can this recruitment be enhanced. The enhanced adhesion induced by PES is likely through integrin distribution changes on the HPC7 surface. Improving local HSC presence in injured colon may result in better therapeutic efficacy for treatment of IBD

Growing up beside you: a relational sociology of early childhood

This article will begin by outlining influential attempts by historians and sociologists to develop a more adequate theoretical understanding of past and contemporary childhoods, focusing on the major problems that stem from the pivotal role that ‘developmentalism’ plays in their arguments. I will argue that sociologists can overcome some of their deepest fears about the role of developmental psychology by developing a relational approach that integrates the biological and social aspects of children’s development. In the development of a relational sociology of early childhood we need to make important connections with closely related disciplines, but at the same time draw on and integrate research findings from relevant areas within the social and natural sciences. An alternative perspective drawn from the writings of Norbert Elias will be put forward and illustrated by discussing some of the key concepts that Elias and Vygotsky used to explain the language development of young children

Childhood in Sociology and Society: The US Perspective

The field of childhood studies in the US is comprised of cross-disciplinary researchers who theorize and conduct research on both children and youth. US sociologists who study childhood largely draw on the childhood literature published in English. This article focuses on American sociological contributions, but notes relevant contributions from non-American scholars published in English that have shaped and fueled American research. This article also profiles the institutional support of childhood research in the US, specifically outlining the activities of the ‘Children and Youth’ Section of the American Sociological Association (ASA), and assesses the contributions of this area of study for sociology as well as the implications for an interdisciplinary field.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Circulating microparticles: square the circle

Background: The present review summarizes current knowledge about microparticles (MPs) and provides a systematic overview of last 20 years of research on circulating MPs, with particular focus on their clinical relevance. Results: MPs are a heterogeneous population of cell-derived vesicles, with sizes ranging between 50 and 1000 nm. MPs are capable of transferring peptides, proteins, lipid components, microRNA, mRNA, and DNA from one cell to another without direct cell-to-cell contact. Growing evidence suggests that MPs present in peripheral blood and body fluids contribute to the development and progression of cancer, and are of pathophysiological relevance for autoimmune, inflammatory, infectious, cardiovascular, hematological, and other diseases. MPs have large diagnostic potential as biomarkers; however, due to current technological limitations in purification of MPs and an absence of standardized methods of MP detection, challenges remain in validating the potential of MPs as a non-invasive and early diagnostic platform. Conclusions: Improvements in the effective deciphering of MP molecular signatures will be critical not only for diagnostics, but also for the evaluation of treatment regimens and predicting disease outcomes