Examination of usefulness of classroom environment and class improvement based on universal design ～ Through an empirical analysis of improving concentration of all children enrolled in regular classes ～

教室環境や授業が児童生徒の学習面や心理面、特に「集中力」に及ぼす影響を明らかにするために、ユニバーサルデザインに基づく教室環境の整備、授業改善の実践とその効果の検証を行った。児童への質問紙調査、改善前後の授業の様子を録画したビデオ分析、実践した担任による妥当性評価の結果、児童の学習に対する注意集中時間や学習参加の姿勢が改善し、学習意欲が向上するなど、学習面と心理面の両面に良い効果が得られ、通常の学級におけるユニバーサルデザインの有用性が示唆された。departmental bulletin pape

Cyclic Block Copolymers for Controlling Feature Sizes in Block Copolymer Lithography

Block copolymer lithography holds promise as a next-generation technique to achieve the sub-20 nm feature sizes demanded by semiconductor roadmaps. While molecular weight and block immiscibility have traditionally been used to control feature size, this study demonstrates that macromolecular architecture is also a powerful tool for tuning domain spacing. To demonstrate this concept, a new synthetic strategy for cyclic block polymers based on highly efficient “click” coupling of difunctional linear chains is developed, and the thin film self-assembly of cyclic polystyrene-<i>block</i>-polyethylene oxide (cPS-<i>b</i>-PEO) is compared with the corresponding linear analogues. The reduced hydrodynamic radii of the cyclic systems result in ∼30% decrease in domain spacing over the corresponding linear polymers

Identification of Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease in Asymptomatic Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are a high-risk group for coronary artery disease (CAD). In the present study, we investigated predictive factors to identify patients at high risk of CAD among asymptomatic patients with type 2 DM based on coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) findings. Methods: A single-center prospective study was performed on 452 consecutive patients with type 2 DM who were provided with a weekly hospital-based diabetes education program between 3 October 2015, and 31 March 2020. A total of 161 consecutive asymptomatic patients (male/female: 111/50, age: 57.3 &plusmn; 9.3 years) with type 2 DM without any known CAD underwent CCTA. Based on conventional coronary risk factors and non-invasive examination, i.e., measurement of intima-media thickness, subcutaneous and visceral fat area, a stress electrocardiogram test, and the Agatston score, patients with obstructive CAD, CT-verified high-risk plaques (CT-HRP), and optimal revascularization within 90 days were evaluated. Results: Current smoking (OR, 4.069; 95% C.I., 1.578&ndash;10.493, p = 0.0037) and the Agatston score &ge;100 (OR, 18.034; 95% C.I., 6.337&ndash;51.324, p = 0.0001) were independent predictive factors for obstructive CAD, while current smoking (OR, 5.013; 95% C.I., 1.683&ndash;14.931, p = 0.0038) was an independent predictive factor for CT-HRP. Furthermore, insulin treatment (OR, 5.677; 95% C.I., 1.223&ndash;26.349, p = 0.0266) was the only predictive factor that correlated with optimal revascularization within 90 days. Conclusions: In asymptomatic patients with type 2 DM, current smoking, an Agatston score &ge;100, and insulin treatment were independent predictive factors of patients being at high-risk for CAD. However, non-invasive examinations except for Agatston score were not independent predictors of patients being at high risk of CAD