A complete analysis of FCNC and CP constraints in general SUSY extensions of the standard model

We analyze the full set of constraints on gluino- and photino-mediated SUSY contributions to FCNC and CP violating phenomena. We use the mass insertion method, hence providing a model-independent parameterization which can be readily applied in testing extensions of the MSSM. In addition to clarifying controversial points in the literature, we provide a more exhaustive analysis of the CP constraints, in particular concerning $\varepsilon^\prime/\varepsilon$. As physically meaningful applications of our analysis, we study the implications in SUSY-GUT's and effective supergravities with flavour non-universality. This allows us to detail the domain of applicability and the correct procedure of implementation of the FC mass insertion approach.Comment: 41 pages, 13 Postscript figures (3 corrupted figures replaced), complete gzipped postscript file available at ftp://hpteo.roma1.infn.it/pub/preprints/cplongsmall.ps.g

Moderate Supersymmetric CP Violation

It is well known that supersymmetry (SUSY) gives neutron and electron electric dipole moments ($d_n$ and $d_e$) which are too large by about $10^{3}$. If we assume a SUSY model cannot contain fine-tunings or large mass scales, then one must require that the SUSY breaking mechanism give real soft breaking parameters, in which case the minimal SUSY model has no $CP$ violation other than from the CKM matrix (besides possible strong $CP$ violating effects). We show that in non-minimal SUSY models, a moderate amount of $CP$ violation can be induced through one loop corrections to the scalar potential, giving an effective phase of order $10^{-3}$, and thus implying $d_n$ and $d_e$ can be near their current experimental bounds $naturally$. This moderate amount of SUSY $CP$ violation could also prove important for models of electroweak baryogenesis. We illustrate our results with a specific model.Comment: 19pp plain LATEX, 1 fig (by EMAIL request), TRI-PP-93-86. (Some clarifying comments about renormalizability added--version to appear in Phys. Rev. D

Spontaneous CP violation in Supersymmetric theories

We study the minimal version of the supersymmetric standard model with spontaneous CP breaking. In this model, the KM matrix is real and contributions to $\varepsilon$ arise from box diagrams involving squarks. We analyze the region of the parameter space which corresponds to values for $\varepsilon$, $\varepsilon^\prime/\varepsilon$ and the neutron electric dipole moment (NEDM) in agreement with the experimental data. We show that the CP violating phases must be of \calo (10^{-2}) and the NEDM lies near its present experimental limit.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures (no included), SCIPP-92/30, PHYZZX fil

Nonabelian Discrete Family Symmetry to Soften the SUSY Flavor Problem and to Suppress Proton Decay

Family symmetry could explain large mixing of the atmospheric neutrinos. The same symmetry could explain why the flavor changing current processes in supersymmetric standard models can be so suppressed. It also may be able to explain why the proton is so stable. We investigate these questions in a supersymmetric, renormalizable extension of the standard model, which possess a family symmetry based on a binary dihedral group Q_6. We find that the amplitude for \mu \to e+\gamma enjoys a suppression factor proportional to |(V_{MNS})_{e3}| ~ m_e/(\sqrt{2}m_\mu) ~ 3.4\times 10^{-3}, and that B(p \to K^0 \mu^+)/B(p \to K^0 e^+) ~ |(V_{MNS})_{e3}|^2 ~ 10^{-5}, where V_{MNS} is the neutrino mixing matrix.Comment: 35 pages, 26 figure

Final State Interactions and New Physics in B -> pi K Decays

Within the Standard Model, and if one assumes that soft rescattering effects are negligible, the CP asymmetry A^dir_CP (B^\pm -> \pi^\pm K) is predicted to be very small and the ratio R = BR(B_d -> \pi^\mp K^\pm)/BR(B^\pm -> \pi^\pm K) provides a bound on the angle \gamma of the unitarity triangle, sin^2 \gamma \leq R. We estimate the corrections from soft rescattering effects using an approach based on Regge phenomenology, and find effects of order 10% with large uncertainties. In particular, we conclude that A^dir_CP \sim 0.2 and sin^2 \gamma \sim 1.2 R could not be taken unambiguously to signal New Physics. Using SU(3) relations, we suggest experimental tests that could constrain the size of the soft rescattering effects thus reducing the related uncertainty. Finally, we study the effect of various models of New Physics on A^dir_CP and on R.Comment: 20 pages, RevTex, no figures; a few typos corrected, references added, brief additional discussion of uncertanties is adde

CP Violation in the B System and Relations to K→πννˉK\to\pi\nu\bar{\nu} Decays

A review of CP violation in the $B$ system and strategies to determine the unitarity triangle of the CKM matrix is given. We begin with an introduction to the description of CP violation in the Standard Model of electroweak interactions, and discuss the basic features of the theoretical framework to deal with non-leptonic B decays, which play the main role in this review. After a brief look at CP violation in the kaon system and a discussion of the rare decays $K^+\to\pi^+\nu\bar{\nu}$ and $K_L\to\pi^0\nu\bar{\nu}$, we turn to the formalism of $B^0_{d,s}$--$\bar{B^0_{d,s}}$ mixing, allowing us to explore important $B$-factory benchmark modes and the $B_s$-meson system. We then focus on charged B decays, $B\to\pi K$ modes and the phenomenology of $U$-spin related B decays, including the $B_d\to\pi^+\pi^-$, $B_s\to K^+K^-$ system. Finally, we discuss a particularly simple -- but very predictive -- scenario for new physics, which is provided by models with ``minimal flavour violation''. In this framework, various bounds can be derived and interesting connections between the $B$ system and the rare kaon decays $K^+\to\pi^+\nu\bar{\nu}$ and $K_L\to\pi^0\nu\bar{\nu}$ arise.Comment: LaTeX, 173 pages, 38 figures, to appear in Physics Reports (Habilitation Thesis, Hamburg Univ., July 2001

CP violation

The salient features of CP-violating interactions in the standard electroweak theory and in a few of its popular extensions are discussed. Moreover a brief overview is given on the status and prospects of searches for CP non-conservation effects in low and high energy experiments.Comment: 28 pages, Lectures given at the 37th Winter School on Particle Physics, Schladming, Austria, 199

Multiple Myeloma Treatment in Real-world Clinical Practice : Results of a Prospective, Multinational, Noninterventional Study

Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all patients and their families and all the EMMOS investigators for their valuable contributions to the study. The authors would like to acknowledge Robert Olie for his significant contribution to the EMMOS study. Writing support during the development of our report was provided by Laura Mulcahy and Catherine Crookes of FireKite, an Ashfield company, a part of UDG Healthcare plc, which was funded by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and Janssen Global Services, LLC. The EMMOS study was supported by research funding from Janssen Pharmaceutical NV and Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all patients and their families and all the EMMOS investigators for their valuable contributions to the study. The authors would like to acknowledge Robert Olie for his significant contribution to the EMMOS study. Writing support during the development of our report was provided by Laura Mulcahy and Catherine Crookes of FireKite, an Ashfield company, a part of UDG Healthcare plc, which was funded by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and Janssen Global Services, LLC. The EMMOS study was supported by research funding from Janssen Pharmaceutical NV and Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Funding Information: M.M. has received personal fees from Janssen, Celgene, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Sanofi, Novartis, and Takeda and grants from Janssen and Sanofi during the conduct of the study. E.T. has received grants from Janssen and personal fees from Janssen and Takeda during the conduct of the study, and grants from Amgen, Celgene/Genesis, personal fees from Amgen, Celgene/Genesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, and Glaxo-Smith Kline outside the submitted work. M.V.M. has received personal fees from Janssen, Celgene, Amgen, and Takeda outside the submitted work. M.C. reports honoraria from Janssen, outside the submitted work. M. B. reports grants from Janssen Cilag during the conduct of the study. M.D. has received honoraria for participation on advisory boards for Janssen, Celgene, Takeda, Amgen, and Novartis. H.S. has received honoraria from Janssen-Cilag, Celgene, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, and Takeda outside the submitted work. V.P. reports personal fees from Janssen during the conduct of the study and grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from Amgen, grants and personal fees from Sanofi, and personal fees from Takeda outside the submitted work. W.W. has received personal fees and grants from Amgen, Celgene, Novartis, Roche, Takeda, Gilead, and Janssen and nonfinancial support from Roche outside the submitted work. J.S. reports grants and nonfinancial support from Janssen Pharmaceutical during the conduct of the study. V.L. reports funding from Janssen Global Services LLC during the conduct of the study and study support from Janssen-Cilag and Pharmion outside the submitted work. A.P. reports employment and shareholding of Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) during the conduct of the study. C.C. reports employment at Janssen-Cilag during the conduct of the study. C.F. reports employment at Janssen Research and Development during the conduct of the study. F.T.B. reports employment at Janssen-Cilag during the conduct of the study. The remaining authors have stated that they have no conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 The AuthorsMultiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease, with little information available on its management in real-world clinical practice. The results of the present prospective, noninterventional observational study revealed great diversity in the treatment regimens used to treat MM. Our results also provide data to inform health economic, pharmacoepidemiologic, and outcomes research, providing a framework for the design of protocols to improve the outcomes of patients with MM. Background: The present prospective, multinational, noninterventional study aimed to document and describe real-world treatment regimens and disease progression in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Patients and Methods: Adult patients initiating any new MM therapy from October 2010 to October 2012 were eligible. A multistage patient/site recruitment model was applied to minimize the selection bias; enrollment was stratified by country, region, and practice type. The patient medical and disease features, treatment history, and remission status were recorded at baseline, and prospective data on treatment, efficacy, and safety were collected electronically every 3 months. Results: A total of 2358 patients were enrolled. Of these patients, 775 and 1583 did and did not undergo stem cell transplantation (SCT) at any time during treatment, respectively. Of the patients in the SCT and non-SCT groups, 49%, 21%, 14%, and 15% and 57%, 20%, 12% and 10% were enrolled at treatment line 1, 2, 3, and ≥ 4, respectively. In the SCT and non-SCT groups, 45% and 54% of the patients had received bortezomib-based therapy without thalidomide/lenalidomide, 12% and 18% had received thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy without bortezomib, and 30% and 4% had received bortezomib plus thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy as frontline treatment, respectively. The corresponding proportions of SCT and non-SCT patients in lines 2, 3, and ≥ 4 were 45% and 37%, 30% and 37%, and 12% and 3%, 33% and 27%, 35% and 32%, and 8% and 2%, and 27% and 27%, 27% and 23%, and 6% and 4%, respectively. In the SCT and non-SCT patients, the overall response rate was 86% to 97% and 64% to 85% in line 1, 74% to 78% and 59% to 68% in line 2, 55% to 83% and 48% to 60% in line 3, and 49% to 65% and 36% and 45% in line 4, respectively, for regimens that included bortezomib and/or thalidomide/lenalidomide. Conclusion: The results of our prospective study have revealed great diversity in the treatment regimens used to manage MM in real-life practice. This diversity was linked to factors such as novel agent accessibility and evolving treatment recommendations. Our results provide insight into associated clinical benefits.publishersversionPeer reviewe

L'irruption des biotechnologies

Dine Gérard. L'irruption des biotechnologies. In: Les Cahiers de l'INSEP, n°30, 2001. Dopage et société sportive. pp. 33-54