Análise da potabilidade das águas de fontes naturais, junto ao município de Fraiburgo-SC

This work was performed research and analysis of natural sources located in urban and rural Fraiburgo - SC, in order to characterize its drinkability as the parameters established in environmental legislation. The sources were divided into: (1 source) João Maria Grotto, (source 2) Grotto NossaSenhora de Fatima and (source 3) GrottoNossaSenhora de Lourdes, which passed through collections and the following parameters: total coliforms, fecal coliforms, acetate, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrite, sulfate, lithium, sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, color, turbidity, pH, calcium hardness, toughness magnesium, total hardness. The analysis of the sources with color parameters and nitrate was no change in nitrite in 3 sources (source 3), total and fecal coliforms which do not adapt according to CONAMA Resolution 357/2005, Ordinance No. 2914 of the Ministry of Health parameters pH, turbidity, total hardness, sulphate, lithium, sodium, all sources agree with CONAMA Resolution 357/2005, Ordinance No. 2914 of the Ministry of Health for water class 3 parameter in nitrite (source 1) and (source 2) is consistent. We conclude, therefore, that the sources of Fraiburgo - SC are polluted. A plan backed Environmental Education in Law Nº. 9795 of 27 April 1999 will be applied in order to warn about major diseases that may indicate cholera, hepatitis, diarrhea and worms.Neste trabalho foram realizadas pesquisa e análises de fontes naturais situadas nas áreas urbanas e rurais do município de Fraiburgo – SC, a fim de caracterizar a sua potabilidade quanto aos parâmetros estabelecidos na legislação ambiental vigente. As fontes foram divididas em: (fonte 1) Gruta João Maria, (fonte 2) Gruta Nossa Senhora de Fátima, (fonte 3) Gruta Nossa Senhora de Lourdes, as quais passaram por coletas e os seguintes parâmetros: coliformes totais, coliformes fecais, acetato, cloreto, nitrito, brometo, nitrito, sulfato, lítio, sódio, amônia, potássio, magnésio, cálcio, cor, turbidez, pH, dureza de cálcio, dureza de magnésio, dureza total. As análises das fontes com os parâmetros cor e nitrato houve alteração nas 3 fontes em nitrito na (fonte 3), coliformes totais e termotolerantes onde não se adaptam de acordo com a resolução CONAMA 357/2005, Portaria n° 2.914 do Ministério da Saúde. Parâmetros pH, turbidez, dureza total, sulfato, lítio, sódio em todas as fontes estão de acordo com a resolução CONAMA 357/2005, Portaria n° 2.914 do Ministério da Saúde, para águas de classe 3 o parâmetro de nitrito na (fonte 1) e (fonte 2) está de acordo. Conclui-se, portanto, que as fontes do município de Fraiburgo – SC estão poluídas. Um plano de Educação Ambiental respaldado na Lei nº 9.795, de 27 de abril de 1999 será aplicado visando alertar sobre as principais doenças que podem indicar cólera, hepatites, verminoses e diarreias

The X-ray Cluster Normalization of the Matter Power Spectrum

The number density of galaxy clusters provides tight statistical constraints on the matter fluctuation power spectrum normalization, traditionally phrased in terms of sigma_8, the root mean square mass fluctuation in spheres with radius 8 h^-1 Mpc. We present constraints on sigma_8 and the total matter density Omega_m0 from local cluster counts as a function of X-ray temperature, taking care to incorporate and minimize systematic errors that plagued previous work with this method. In particular, we present new determinations of the cluster luminosity - temperature and mass - temperature relations, including their intrinsic scatter, and a determination of the Jenkins mass function parameters for the same mass definition as the mass - temperature calibration. Marginalizing over the 12 uninteresting parameters associated with this method, we find that the local cluster temperature function implies sigma_8 (Omega_m0/0.32)^alpha = 0.86+/-0.04 with alpha = 0.30 (0.41) for Omega_m0 < 0.32 (Omega_mo > 0.32) (68% confidence for two parameters). This result agrees with a wide range of recent independent determinations, and we find no evidence of any additional sources of systematic error for the X-ray cluster temperature function determination of the matter power spectrum normalization. The joint WMAP5 + cluster constraints are: Omega_m0 = 0.30+0.03/-0.02 and sigma_8 = 0.85+0.04/-0.02 (68% confidence for two parameters).Comment: 31 pages, 16 figures, accept for publication in ApJ 609, Jan. 10, 200

23 High Redshift Supernovae from the IfA Deep Survey: Doubling the SN Sample at z>0.7

We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of 23 high redshift supernovae spanning a range of z=0.34-1.03, 9 of which are unambiguously classified as Type Ia. These supernovae were discovered during the IfA Deep Survey, which began in September 2001 and observed a total of 2.5 square degrees to a depth of approximately m=25-26 in RIZ over 9-17 visits, typically every 1-3 weeks for nearly 5 months, with additional observations continuing until April 2002. We give a brief description of the survey motivations, observational strategy, and reduction process. This sample of 23 high-redshift supernovae includes 15 at z>0.7, doubling the published number of objects at these redshifts, and indicates that the evidence for acceleration of the universe is not due to a systematic effect proportional to redshift. In combination with the recent compilation of Tonry et al. (2003), we calculate cosmological parameter density contours which are consistent with the flat universe indicated by the CMB (Spergel et al. 2003). Adopting the constraint that Omega_total = 1.0, we obtain best-fit values of (Omega_m, Omega_Lambda)=(0.33, 0.67) using 22 SNe from this survey augmented by the literature compilation. We show that using the empty-beam model for gravitational lensing does not eliminate the need for Omega_Lambda > 0. Experience from this survey indicates great potential for similar large-scale surveys while also revealing the limitations of performing surveys for z>1 SNe from the ground.Comment: 67 pages, 12 figures, 12 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

Radial structure, inflow and central mass of stationary radiative galaxy clusters

We analyse the radial structure of self-gravitating spheres consisting of multiple interpenetrating fluids, such as the X-ray emitting gas and the dark halo of a galaxy cluster. In these dipolytropic models, the adiabatic dark matter sits in equilibrium, while the gas develops a gradual, smooth, quasi-stationary cooling flow. Both affect and respond to the collective gravitational field. We find that all subsonic, radially continuous, steady solutions require a non-zero minimum central point mass. For Mpc-sized haloes with 7–10 effective degrees of freedom (F2), the minimum central mass is compatible with observations of supermassive black holes. Smaller gas mass influxes enable smaller central masses for wider ranges of F2. The halo comprises a sharp spike around the central mass, embedded within a core of nearly constant density (at 101–102.5 kpc scales), with outskirts that attenuate and naturally truncate at finite radius (several Mpc). The gas density resembles a broken power law in radius, but the temperature dips and peaks within the dark core. A finite minimum temperature occurs due to gravitational self-warming, without cold mass dropout nor needing regulatory heating. X-ray emission from the intracluster medium mimics a β-model plus bright compact nucleus. Near-sonic points in the gas flow are bottlenecks to the allowed steady solutions; the outermost are at kpc scales. These sites may preferentially develop cold mass dropout during strong perturbations off equilibrium. Within the sonic point, the profile of gas specific entropy is flatter than s∝r1/2, but this is a shallow ramp and not an isentropic core. When F2 is large, the inner halo spike is only marginally Jeans stable in the central parsec, suggesting that a large non-linear disturbance could trigger local dark collapse on to the central object

Development of a chemically defined medium and discovery of new mitogenic growth factors for mouse hepatocytes: Mitogenic effects of FGF1/2 and PDGF

Chemically defined serum-free media for rat hepatocytes have been useful in identifying EGFR ligands and HGF/MET signaling as direct mitogenic factors for rat hepatocytes. The absence of such media for mouse hepatocytes has prevented screening for discovery of such mitogens for mouse hepatocytes. We present results obtained by designing such a chemically defined medium for mouse hepatocytes and demonstrate that in addition to EGFR ligands and HGF, the growth factors FGF1 and FGF2 are also important mitogenic factors for mouse hepatocytes. Smaller mitogenic response was also noticed for PDGF AB. Mouse hepatocytes are more likely to enter into spontaneous proliferation in primary culture due to activation of cell cycle pathways resulting from collagenase perfusion. These results demonstrate unanticipated fundamental differences in growth biology of hepatocytes between the two rodent species. Copyright: © 2014 Reekie et al