Cosmological constraints from a 2D SZ catalog

We perform a Fisher matrix analysis to quantify cosmological constraints obtainable from a 2-dimensional Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) cluster catalog using the counts and the angular correlation function. Three kinds of SZ survey are considered: the almost all-sky Planck survey and two deeper ground-based surveys, one with 10% sky coverage, the other one with a coverage of 250 square degrees. With the counts and angular function, and adding the constraint from the local X-ray cluster temperature function, joint 10% to 30% errors (1 sigma) are achievable on the cosmological parameter pair (sigma_8, Omega_m) in the flat concordance model. Constraints from a 2D distribution remain relatively robust to uncertainties in possible cluster gas evolution for the case of Planck. Alternatively, we examine constraints on cluster gas physics when assuming priors on the cosmological parameters (e.g., from cosmic microwave background anisotropies and SNIa data), finding a poor ability to constrain gas evolution with the 2-dimensional catalog. From just the SZ counts and angular correlation function we obtain, however, a constraint on the product between the present-day cluster gas mass fraction and the normalization of the mass-temperature relation, T_*, with a precision of 15%. This is particularly interesting because it would be based on a very large catalog and is independent of any X-ray data.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, A&A in pres

On spin-1 massive particles coupled to a Chern-Simons field

We study spin one particles interacting through a Chern-Simons field. In the Born approximation, we calculate the two body scattering amplitude considering three possible ways to introduce the interaction: (a) a Proca like model minimally coupled to a Chern-Simons field, (b) the model obtained from (a) by replacing the Proca's mass by a Chern-Simons term and (c) a complex Maxwell-Chern-Simons model minimally coupled to a Chern-Simons field. In the low energy regime the results show similarities with the Aharonov-Bohm scattering for spin 1/2 particles. We discuss the one loop renormalization program for the Proca's model. In spite of the bad ultraviolet behavior of the matter field propagator, we show that, up to one loop the model is power counting renormalizable thanks to the Ward identities satisfied by the interaction vertices.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, revte

PRODUÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA BRASILEIRA NA ÁREA DE ENFERMAGEM: avanços e desafios

Este artigo objetiva analisar as patentes registradas na área de enfermagem já que as mesmas podem configurarcomo um dos indicadores do seu desenvolvimento. Apresenta e discute as produções tecnológicas em âmbitonacional, rastreadas pelo termo “enfermagem”, patenteadas no período de 1990-2009. Trata-se de uma pesquisadocumental, retrospectiva tendo como fonte o banco de dados da Base de Pedidos de Patentes (BRASPAT), doInstituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI). As informações obtidas são discutidas no tocante a apropriaçãodas tecnologias, o incentivo para desenvolvê-las e registrá-las como fonte de conhecimento da área de enfermagem,com vistas a prática do cuidado. São crescentes as produções de tecnologias leves e leve-duras na enfermagem,todavia, estas não são registradas e patenteadas. O avanço tecnológico na enfermagem é emergente e carece depolíticas para seu incremento

The Ontogenetic Osteohistology of Tenontosaurus tilletti

Tenontosaurus tilletti is an ornithopod dinosaur known from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) Cloverly and Antlers formations of the Western United States. It is represented by a large number of specimens spanning a number of ontogenetic stages, and these specimens have been collected across a wide geographic range (from central Montana to southern Oklahoma). Here I describe the long bone histology of T. tilletti and discuss histological variation at the individual, ontogenetic and geographic levels. The ontogenetic pattern of bone histology in T. tilletti is similar to that of other dinosaurs, reflecting extremely rapid growth early in life, and sustained rapid growth through sub-adult ontogeny. But unlike other iguanodontians, this dinosaur shows an extended multi-year period of slow growth as skeletal maturity approached. Evidence of termination of growth (e.g., an external fundamental system) is observed in only the largest individuals, although other histological signals in only slightly smaller specimens suggest a substantial slowing of growth later in life. Histological differences in the amount of remodeling and the number of lines of arrested growth varied among elements within individuals, but bone histology was conservative across sampled individuals of the species, despite known paleoenvironmental differences between the Antlers and Cloverly formations. The bone histology of T. tilletti indicates a much slower growth trajectory than observed for other iguanodontians (e.g., hadrosaurids), suggesting that those taxa reached much larger sizes than Tenontosaurus in a shorter time

Torosaurus Is Not Triceratops: Ontogeny in Chasmosaurine Ceratopsids as a Case Study in Dinosaur Taxonomy

Background: In horned dinosaurs, taxonomy is complicated by the fact that the cranial ornament that distinguishes species changes with age. Based on this observation, it has been proposed that the genera Triceratops and Torosaurus are in fact synonymous, with specimens identified as Torosaurus representing the adult form of Triceratops. The hypothesis of synonymy makes three testable predictions: 1) the species in question should have similar geographic and stratigraphic distributions, 2) specimens assigned to Torosaurus should be more mature than those assigned to Triceratops, and 3) intermediates should exist that combine features of Triceratops and Torosaurus. The first condition appears to be met, but it remains unclear whether the other predictions are borne out by the fossil evidence. Methodology/Principal Findings: We assessed the relative maturity of Torosaurus and Triceratops specimens by coding skulls for characters that vary with maturity, and then using a clustering analysis to arrange them into a growth series. We found that a well-defined sequence of changes exists in horned dinosaurs: development of cranial ornament occurs in juveniles, followed by fusion of the skull roof in subadults, and finally, the epoccipitals, epijugals, and rostral fuse to the skull in adults. Using this scheme, we identified mature and immature individuals of both Torosaurus and Triceratops. Furthermore, we describe the ventral depressions on the frill of Triceratops, and show that they differ in shape and position from the parietal fenestrae of Torosaurus. Thus, we conclude that these structures are not intermediates between the soli

Cranial Growth and Variation in Edmontosaurs (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae): Implications for Latest Cretaceous Megaherbivore Diversity in North America

The well-sampled Late Cretaceous fossil record of North America remains the only high-resolution dataset for evaluating patterns of dinosaur diversity leading up to the terminal Cretaceous extinction event. Hadrosaurine hadrosaurids (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) closely related to Edmontosaurus are among the most common megaherbivores in latest Campanian and Maastrichtian deposits of western North America. However, interpretations of edmontosaur species richness and biostratigraphy have been in constant flux for almost three decades, although the clade is generally thought to have undergone a radiation in the late Maastrichtian. We address the issue of edmontosaur diversity for the first time using rigorous morphometric analyses of virtually all known complete edmontosaur skulls. Results suggest only two valid species, Edmontosaurus regalis from the late Campanian, and E. annectens from the late Maastrichtian, with previously named taxa, including the controversial Anatotitan copei, erected on hypothesized transitional morphologies associated with ontogenetic size increase and allometric growth. A revision of North American hadrosaurid taxa suggests a decrease in both hadrosaurid diversity and disparity from the early to late Maastrichtian, a pattern likely also present in ceratopsid dinosaurs. A decline in the disparity of dominant megaherbivores in the latest Maastrichtian interval supports the hypothesis that dinosaur diversity decreased immediately preceding the end Cretaceous extinction event

REDES SOCIALES DE PERSONAS CON PROBLEMAS RESPIRATORIOS CRÓNICOS EN UNA CIUDAD DEL SUR DE BRASIL

O estudo está fundamentado na pesquisa qualitativa e teve como propósito expandir o conhecimento dasredes de apoio social formadas pelas pessoas com doença respiratória crônica. Fizeram parte do estudo oito pessoas comproblemas respiratórios crônicos e quatro pessoas indicadas como integrantes da rede de apoio. Foram identificadas duascategorias: a constituição da rede e os apoios recebidos. O principal apoio que os integrantes do estudo receberam foi defamília, vizinhos, profissionais da saúde e dirigentes de igrejas. Conclui-se que a rede de apoio social de pessoas comdoença respiratória crônica é ainda bastante restrita, estando principalmente centrada na família. O estudo contribui parao avanço na tecitura das redes de apoio às pessoas com doenças respiratórias crônicas, evidenciando a necessidade deserem estabelecidas inter-relações, não apenas pessoais, mas também sociais.Tuvo como propósito expandir el conocimiento de las redes de apoyo social formadas por personas conenfermedades respiratorias crónicas. El estudio está fundamentado en la investigación cualitativa. Hicieron parte delestudio ocho personas con problemas respiratorios crónicos y cuatro personas indicadas como integrantes de la red deapoyo. Fueron identificadas dos categorías: la constitución de la red y los apoyos recibidos. El principal apoyo que losintegrantes del estudio recibieron fue de familia, vecinos, profesionales de la salud y dirigentes de iglesias. Conclúyeseque la red de apoyo social de personas con enfermedad respiratoria crónica es todavía bastante restricta, estandoprincipalmente centrada en la familia. El estudio contribuyó para el avance en la tesitura de las redes de apoyo a laspersonas con enfermedad respiratoria crónica, mostrando la necesidad de que se establezcan interrelaciones, no apenaspersonales, pero también sociales.This study has as a goal to expand the knowledge about the social support networks composed by thepeople who suffer from chronic respiratory disease. The study is fundamented on the qualitative research. Eight peoplewith chronic respiratory problems and four people indicated as integrating the support network have taken part of thestudy. Two categories have been identified: the network constitution and the support received. The most commonsituation among the members of the study was about them being supported not only by the family but also by neighbors,health professionals and church leaders. We have concluded that the social support network for people who suffer fromchronic respiratory disease is still quite restrict, and it is mainly focused on the family. The study contributes for thesupport network framing for people suffering from chronic respiratory diseases, showing their need for inter-relationsbeing established, not only personal but also social

Statistics of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Cluster Surveys

We describe a detailed analytic model for predicting statistical quantities (such as number counts, redshift distributions and sizes) of clusters detected in blank-field, thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect experiments. We include in this model the possibility of non-Gaussian density perturbations in the early Universe and also describe a simple model for the effects of preheating on cluster Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect fluxes. We use this model to explore the current state of the theoretical uncertainties present in this type of analytic modelling, highlighting where further improvement will be necessary to fully exploit forthcoming surveys. We then go on to explore the constraints on cosmological parameters, the presence of any non-Gaussianity and the degree of cluster preheating which may be obtained from both the BOLOCAM and PLANCK experiments. We find that, providing redshifts can be measured for all detected clusters, the BOLOCAM experiment may provide detections of non-Gaussianity or preheating and could give approximate measurements of these effects if prior knowledge of the various cosmological parameters is taken into account. The PLANCK experiment Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect cluster survey is predicted to provide highly accurate (~5%) measurements of the degree of non-Gaussianity and preheating while also providing measurements of several cosmological parameters to accuracies of a few percent independent from those constraints that will be derived from its detections of primordial cosmic microwave background anisotropies.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, submitted to MNRA

Análise da toxicidade de uma Fluoropirimidina em Protocolo Quimioterápico

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer in the world. In its treatment, are used chemotherapeutic agents whose toxicities influence the quality of life of these patients. Objective: Evaluate the most frequent toxicities based on the effects of 5-fluorouracil in patients with colorectal neoplasm submitted to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy in combination with folinic acid, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) and irinotecan (FOLFIRI). Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in a Brazilian public institution in patients with previous diagnosis of colorectal cancer who received cycles of infusional chemotherapy for 48 hours every two weeks for a total of 12 cycles or 24 weeks of treatment. The studied variables were obtained by reviewing medical records, through a survey in the medical and statistical archive service (SAME). Results: Age ranged from 35 to 84 years old, with a mean of 60,75 years, being 56.25% of the female gender and 43.75% of the male. The most commonly observed toxicities were nausea, stomach pain and muscle weakness. No patient was in stages 0 and I, 25% (n = 4) in II, 31.25% (n = 5) in III and 43.75% (n = 7) in IV. Conclusion: It is noted that fluorpyrimidines continue to be the mainstay in the treatment of cancer. Thus, in this perspective the identification of the enzymatic activity of Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase (DPD) is strongly related to the pharmacology of 5-FU, therefore, the determination of this enzyme before the beginning of therapy has been shown to be fundamental to identify patients at high risk of disease severe and life-threatening toxicity.Objetivo: avaliar as toxicidades mais frequentes baseadas nos efeitos do 5-fluorouracil em pacientes com neoplasia colorretal submetidos à quimioterapia com 5-fluorouracil em associação com ácido folínico, oxaliplatina (FOLFOX) e irinotecano (FOLFIRI). Métodos: Estudo transversal conduzido em uma instituição pública brasileira em pacientes com diagnóstico prévio de câncer colorretal que receberam ciclos de quimioterapia infusional durante 48 horas a cada duas semanas, num total de 12 ciclos ou 24 semanas de tratamento. As variáveis estudadas foram obtidas pela revisão dos prontuários, através de um levantamento no serviço de arquivo médico e estatístico (SAME). Resultados: A idade variou de 35 a 84 anos com média total de 60,75 anos, sendo 56,25% do gênero feminino e 43,75% do masculino. As toxicidades mais comumente observadas foram náuseas, dor no estômago e fraqueza muscular. Nenhum paciente se encontrava nos estádios 0 e I, 25% (n= 4) em II, 31,25% (n= 5) em III e 43,75% (n= 7) em IV. Conclusões: Nota-se que as fluorpirimidinas continuam a ser o pilar no tratamento do câncer. Sendo assim, nessa perspectiva a identificação da atividade enzimática da Dihidropirimidina Desidrogenase (DPD) está fortemente relacionada a farmacologia do 5-FU, com isso, a determinação desta enzima antes no início da terapia tem-se demonstrado fundamental para identificar pacientes com alto risco de doença grave e toxicidade potencialmente fatal

O ensino da Sistematização da Assistência na perspectiva de professores e alunos

Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva desenvolvida com professores e alunos de um Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem do sul do Brasil, com o objetivo de identificar a percepção destes acerca do ensino sobre Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE). A coleta de dados ocorreu de março a agosto de 2008, envolvendo 29 sujeitos: 10 professores e 19 alunos, sendo aplicado instrumento com questões abertas e fechadas, que foram agrupadas por semelhança. A análise dos dados levou a discussão das seguintes categorias: conhecimento sobre a SAE, facilidades e dificuldades no ensino da SAE e sugestões para o processo. Existem dicotomias no ensino da SAE e para viabilizar a utilização deste instrumento na prática cotidiana, dando respaldo científico à profissão. O conhecimento insuficiente acerca da SAE torna-se uma barreira para a implantação, adesão e execução desta nas instituições de saúde. A SAE traz reconhecimento social e visibilidade profissional à Enfermagem. Descritores: Educação em enfermagem; Processos de enfermagem; Ensino