39 research outputs found
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Regional observations of mining blasts by the GSETT-3 seismic monitoring system
The cessation of testing of any nuclear explosive devices in all environments is the goal of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. In order to assure compliance with such a treaty, an international monitoring system has been proposed. This system will include seismic, infrasound, hydroacoustic and radionuclide monitors located throughout the world. The goal of this system is the detection of any nuclear test. In preparation for this treaty, a series of monitoring system tests, focusing primarily on seismic observations, have been undertaken. The most recent of these tests, Group of Scientific Experts Technical Test Three (GSETT-3), provides valuable data for assessing future monitoring systems. During the course of this experiment, seismic events associated with earthquakes, nuclear explosions and mining explosions have been recorded. This presentation will discuss the numbers and types of mining explosions triggering the system, in a particular area. Possible implications for the mining industry will be explored
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Design and utilization of a portable seismic/acoustic calibration system
Empirical results from the current GSETT-3 illustrate the need for source specific information for the purpose of calibrating the monitoring system. With the specified location design goal of 1,000 km{sup 2}, preliminary analysis indicates the importance of regional calibration of travel times. This calibration information can be obtained in a passive manner utilizing locations derived from local seismic array arrival times and assumes the resulting locations are accurate. Alternatively, an active approach to the problem can be undertaken, attempting to make near-source observations of seismic sources of opportunity to provide specific information on the time, location and characteristics of the source. Moderate to large mining explosions are one source type that may be amenable to such calibration. This paper describes an active ground truthing procedure for regional calibration. A prototype data acquisition system that includes the primary ground motion component for source time and location determination, and secondary, optional acoustic and video components for improved source phenomenology is discussed. The system costs approximately $25,000 and can be deployed and operated by one to two people thus providing a cost effective system for calibration and documentation of sources of interest. Practical implementation of the system is illustrated, emphasizing the minimal impact on an active mining operation
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Black Thunder Coal Mine and Los Alamos National Laboratory experimental study of seismic energy generated by large scale mine blasting
In an attempt to better understand the impact that large mining shots will have on verifying compliance with the international, worldwide, Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT, no nuclear explosion tests), a series of seismic and videographic experiments has been conducted during the past two years at the Black Thunder Coal Mine. Personnel from the mine and Los Alamos National Laboratory have cooperated closely to design and perform experiments to produce results with mutual benefit to both organizations. This paper summarizes the activities, highlighting the unique results of each. Topics which were covered in these experiments include: (1) synthesis of seismic, videographic, acoustic, and computer modeling data to improve understanding of shot performance and phenomenology; (2) development of computer generated visualizations of observed blasting techniques; (3) documentation of azimuthal variations in radiation of seismic energy from overburden casting shots; (4) identification of, as yet unexplained, out of sequence, simultaneous detonation in some shots using seismic and videographic techniques; (5) comparison of local (0.1 to 15 kilometer range) and regional (100 to 2,000 kilometer range) seismic measurements leading to determine of the relationship between local and regional seismic amplitude to explosive yield for overburden cast, coal bulking and single fired explosions; and (6) determination of the types of mining shots triggering the prototype International Monitoring System for the CTBT
Measurement of the Isolated Photon Cross Section in p-pbar Collisions at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV
The cross section for the inclusive production of isolated photons has been
measured in p anti-p collisions at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV with the D0 detector at the
Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The photons span transverse momenta 23 to 300 GeV
and have pseudorapidity |eta|<0.9. The cross section is compared with the
results from two next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations. The
theoretical predictions agree with the measurement within uncertainties.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys.Lett.
Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities
A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by
the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an
explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were
chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in
2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that
time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the
broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles
could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII
program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the -factories and CLEO-c
flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the
Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the
deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality,
precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for
continuing investigations. The plethora of newly-found quarkonium-like states
unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such
as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the
spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c\bar{c}, b\bar{b},
and b\bar{c} bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical
approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. The
intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have
emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and
cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review
systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing
directions for ongoing and future efforts.Comment: 182 pages, 112 figures. Editors: N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, B. K.
Heltsley, R. Vogt. Section Coordinators: G. T. Bodwin, E. Eichten, A. D.
Frawley, A. B. Meyer, R. E. Mitchell, V. Papadimitriou, P. Petreczky, A. A.
Petrov, P. Robbe, A. Vair
Influences of non-singular stresses on plane-stress near-tip fields for pressure-sensitive materials and applications to transformation toughened ceramics
In this paper, we investigate the effects of the non-singular stress ( T stress) on the mode I near-tip fields for elastic perfectly plastic pressure-sensitive materials under plane-stress and small-scale yielding conditions. The T stress is the normal stress parallel to the crack faces. The yield criterion for pressure-sensitive materials is described by a linear combination of the effective stress and the hydrostatic stress. Plastic dilatancy is introduced by the normality flow rule. The results of our finite element computations based on a two-parameter boundary layer formulation show that the total angular span of the plastic sectors of the near-tip fields increases with increasing T stress for materials with moderately large pressure sensitivity. The T stress also has significant effects on the sizes and shapes of the plastic zones. The height of the plastic zone increases substantially as the T stress increases, especially for materials with large pressure sensitivity. When the plastic strains are considered to be finite as for transformation toughened ceramics, the results of our finite element computations indicate that the phase transformation zones for strong transformation ceramics with large pressure sensitivity can be approximated by those for elastic-plastic materials with no limit on plastic strains. When the T stress and the stress intensity factor K are prescribed in the two-parameter boundary layer formulation to simulate the crack-tip constraint condition for a single-edge notch bend specimen of zirconia ceramics, our finite element computation shows a spear shape of the phase transformation zone which agrees well with the corresponding experimental observation.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42782/1/10704_2004_Article_BF00018779.pd
Measurement of the ratio of the +-jet cross section to the inclusive +jets cross section
We present a measurement of the fraction of inclusive +jets events
produced with net charm quantum number , denoted +-jet, in
collisions at TeV using approximately 1~fb of
data collected by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We
identify the +jets events via the leptonic boson decays. Candidate
+-jet events are selected by requiring a jet containing a muon in
association with a reconstructed boson and exploiting the charge
correlation between this muon and boson decay lepton to perform a nearly
model-independent background subtraction. We measure the fraction of
+-jet events in the inclusive +jets sample for jet GeV and
pseudorapidity to be
0.074(stat.)(syst.), in agreement with
theoretical predictions. The probability that background fluctuations could
produce the observed fraction of +-jet events is estimated to be
, which corresponds to a 3.5 statistical
significance.Comment: submitted to Physics Letters
Search for squarks and gluinos in events with jets and missing transverse energy using 2.1 fb-1 of ppbar collision data at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV
A data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.1 fb-1 collected
by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider was analyzed to search for
squarks and gluinos produced in ppbar collisions at a center-of-mass energy of
1.96 TeV. No evidence for the production of such particles was observed in
topologies involving jets and missing transverse energy, and 95% C.L. lower
limits of 379 GeV and 308 GeV were set on the squark and gluino masses,
respectively, within the framework of minimal supergravity with tan(beta)=3,
A0=0, and mu<0. The corresponding previous limits are improved by 54 GeV and 67
GeV
Search for scalar top quarks in the acoplanar charm jets and missing transverse energy final state in collisions at TeV
We present a search for the pair production of scalar top quarks,
, using 995 pb of data collected in collisions
with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider at
TeV. Both scalar top quarks are assumed to decay into a charm quark and a
neutralino (), where is the
lightest supersymmetric particle. This leads to a final state with two
acoplanar charm jets and missing transverse energy. We find the yield of such
events to be consistent with the standard model expectation, and exclude sets
of and masses at the 95% C.L. that
substantially extend the domain excluded by previous searches.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Physics Letters
Search for scalar leptoquarks in the acoplanar jet topology in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV
A search for leptoquarks has been performed in 310 pb-1 of data from ppbar
collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV, collected by the D0 detector
at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The topology analyzed consists of acoplanar
jets with missing transverse energy. The data show good agreement with standard
model expectations, and a lower mass limit of 136 GeV has been set at the 95%
C.L. for a scalar leptoquark decaying exclusively into a quark and a neutrino.Comment: Minor changes in v2 to match the published version, 8 pages, 5
figure