The VANDELS ESO public spectroscopic survey : Final Data Release of 2087 spectra and spectroscopic measurements

© ESO 2021. The original publication is available at https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202040059VANDELS is an ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey designed to build a sample of high signal to noise, medium resolution spectra of galaxies at redshift between 1 and 6.5. Here we present the final Public Data Release of the VANDELS Survey, comprising 2087 redshift measurements. We give a detailed description of sample selection, observations and data reduction procedures. The final catalogue reaches a target selection completeness of 40% at iAB = 25. The high Signal to Noise ratio of the spectra (above 7 in 80% of the spectra) and the dispersion of 2.5{\AA} allowed us to measure redshifts with high precision, the redshift measurement success rate reaching almost 100%. Together with the redshift catalogue and the reduced spectra, we also provide optical mid-IR photometry and physical parameters derived through SED fitting. The observed galaxy sample comprises both passive and star forming galaxies covering a stellar mass range 8.3<Log(M*/Msolar)Peer reviewe

The VANDELS ESO public spectroscopic survey: Observations and first data release

This paper describes the observations and the first data release (DR1) of the ESO public spectroscopic survey “VANDELS, a deep VIMOS survey of the CANDELS CDFS and UDS fields”. The main targets of VANDELS are star-forming galaxies at redshift 2.4 < z < 5.5, an epoch when the Universe had not yet reached 20% of its current age, and massive passive galaxies in the range 1 < z < 2.5. By adopting a strategy of ultra-long exposure times, ranging from a minimum of 20 h to a maximum of 80 h per source, VANDELS is specifically designed to be the deepest-ever spectroscopic survey of the high-redshift Universe. Exploiting the red sensitivity of the refurbished VIMOS spectrograph, the survey is obtaining ultra-deep optical spectroscopy covering the wavelength range 4800–10 000 Å with a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio to investigate the astrophysics of high-redshift galaxy evolution via detailed absorption line studies of well-defined samples of high-redshift galaxies. VANDELS-DR1 is the release of all medium-resolution spectroscopic data obtained during the first season of observations, on a 0.2 square degree area centered around the CANDELS-CDFS (Chandra deep-field south) and CANDELS-UDS (ultra-deep survey) areas. It includes data for all galaxies for which the total (or half of the total) scheduled integration time was completed. The DR1 contains 879 individual objects, approximately half in each of the two fields, that have a measured redshift, with the highest reliable redshifts reaching zspec ~ 6. In DR1 we include fully wavelength-calibrated and flux-calibrated 1D spectra, the associated error spectrum and sky spectrum, and the associated wavelength-calibrated 2D spectra. We also provide a catalog with the essential galaxy parameters, including spectroscopic redshifts and redshift quality flags measured by the collaboration. We present the survey layout and observations, the data reduction and redshift measurement procedure, and the general properties of the VANDELS-DR1 sample. In particular, we discuss the spectroscopic redshift distribution and the accuracy of the photometricredshifts for each individual target category, and we provide some examples of data products for the various target typesand the different quality flags. All VANDELS-DR1 data are publicly available and can be retrieved from the ESO archive. Two further data releases are foreseen in the next two years, and a final data release is currently scheduled for June 2020, which will include an improved rereduction of the entire spectroscopic data set

The VANDELS ESO public spectroscopic survey

VANDELS is a uniquely deep spectroscopic survey of high-redshift galaxies with the VIMOS spectrograph on ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT). The survey has obtained ultradeep optical (0.48 < λ < 1.0 μ m) spectroscopy of ≃2100 galaxies within the redshift interval 1.0 ≤ z ≤ 7.0, over a total area of ≃0.2 deg2 centred on the CANDELS Ultra Deep Survey and Chandra Deep Field South fields. Based on accurate photometric redshift pre-selection, 85 per cent of the galaxies targeted by VANDELS were selected to be at z ≥ 3. Exploiting the red sensitivity of the refurbished VIMOS spectrograph, the fundamental aim of the survey is to provide the high-signal-to-noise ratio spectra necessary to measure key physical properties such as stellar population ages, masses, metallicities, and outflow velocities from detailed absorption-line studies. Using integration times calculated to produce an approximately constant signal-to-noise ratio (20 < tint< 80 h), the VANDELS survey targeted: (a) bright star-forming galaxies at 2.4 ≤ z ≤ 5.5, (b) massive quiescent galaxies at 1.0 ≤ z ≤ 2.5, (c) fainter star-forming galaxies at 3.0 ≤ z ≤ 7.0, and (d) X-ray/Spitzer-selected active galactic nuclei and Herschel-detected galaxies. By targeting two extragalactic survey fields with superb multiwavelength imaging data, VANDELS will produce a unique legacy data set for exploring the physics underpinning high-redshift galaxy evolution. In this paper, we provide an overview of the VANDELS survey designed to support the science exploitation of the first ESO public data release, focusing on the scientific motivation, survey design, and target selection

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Phosphine Oxide Decorated Dibenzofuran Platforms

A four-step synthesis for 4,6-bis­(diphenylphosphinoylmethyl)­dibenzofuran (<b>4</b>) from dibenzofuran and a two-step synthesis for 4,6-bis­(diphenylphosphinoyl)­dibenzofuran (<b>5</b>) are reported along with coordination chemistry of <b>4</b> with In­(III), La­(III), Pr­(III), Nd­(III), Er­(III), and Pu­(IV) and of <b>5</b> with Er­(III). Crystal structure determinations for the ligands, <b>4</b>·CH₃OH and <b>5</b>, the 1:1 complexes [In­(<b>4</b>)­(NO₃)₃], [Pr­(<b>4</b>)­(NO₃)₃(CH₃CN)]·0.5CH₃CN, [Er­(<b>4</b>)­(NO₃)₃(CH₃CN)]·CH₃CN, [Pu­(<b>4</b>)­Cl₄]·THF and the 2:1 complex [Nd­(<b>4</b>)₂(NO₃)₂]₂(NO₃)₂·(H₂O)·4­(CH₃OH) are described. In these complexes, ligand <b>4</b> coordinates in a bidentate POP′O′ mode via the two phosphine oxide O-atoms. The dibenzofuran ring O-atom points toward the central metal cations, but in every case it is more than 4 Å from the metal. A similar bidentate POP′O′ chelate structure is formed between <b>5</b> and Er­(III) in the complex, {[Er­(<b>5</b>)₂(NO₃)₂]­(NO₃)·4­(CH₃OH)}_0.5, although the nonbonded Er···O_furan distance is reduced to ∼3.6 Å. The observed bidentate chelation modes for <b>4</b> and <b>5</b> are consistent with results from molecular mechanics computations. The solvent extraction performance of <b>4</b> and <b>5</b> in 1,2-dichloroethane for Eu­(III) and Am­(III) in nitric acid solutions is described and compared against the extraction behavior of <i>n</i>-octyl­(phenyl)-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diisobutylcarbamoylmethyl phosphine oxide (OΦDiBCMPO) measured under identical conditions

Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Phosphine Oxide Decorated Dibenzofuran Platforms

A four-step synthesis for 4,6-bis­(diphenylphosphinoylmethyl)­dibenzofuran (<b>4</b>) from dibenzofuran and a two-step synthesis for 4,6-bis­(diphenylphosphinoyl)­dibenzofuran (<b>5</b>) are reported along with coordination chemistry of <b>4</b> with In­(III), La­(III), Pr­(III), Nd­(III), Er­(III), and Pu­(IV) and of <b>5</b> with Er­(III). Crystal structure determinations for the ligands, <b>4</b>·CH₃OH and <b>5</b>, the 1:1 complexes [In­(<b>4</b>)­(NO₃)₃], [Pr­(<b>4</b>)­(NO₃)₃(CH₃CN)]·0.5CH₃CN, [Er­(<b>4</b>)­(NO₃)₃(CH₃CN)]·CH₃CN, [Pu­(<b>4</b>)­Cl₄]·THF and the 2:1 complex [Nd­(<b>4</b>)₂(NO₃)₂]₂(NO₃)₂·(H₂O)·4­(CH₃OH) are described. In these complexes, ligand <b>4</b> coordinates in a bidentate POP′O′ mode via the two phosphine oxide O-atoms. The dibenzofuran ring O-atom points toward the central metal cations, but in every case it is more than 4 Å from the metal. A similar bidentate POP′O′ chelate structure is formed between <b>5</b> and Er­(III) in the complex, {[Er­(<b>5</b>)₂(NO₃)₂]­(NO₃)·4­(CH₃OH)}_0.5, although the nonbonded Er···O_furan distance is reduced to ∼3.6 Å. The observed bidentate chelation modes for <b>4</b> and <b>5</b> are consistent with results from molecular mechanics computations. The solvent extraction performance of <b>4</b> and <b>5</b> in 1,2-dichloroethane for Eu­(III) and Am­(III) in nitric acid solutions is described and compared against the extraction behavior of <i>n</i>-octyl­(phenyl)-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diisobutylcarbamoylmethyl phosphine oxide (OΦDiBCMPO) measured under identical conditions