Sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate impact on soil bacterial diversity in greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crop

The constant use of sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate (metam sodium: MS) in protected agriculture in México has attracted the attention of researchers and producers on their effects on the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of MS on the bacterial community structure in an agricultural soil with tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.) considering the different phenological stages of the crop. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with a completely randomized block design with two treatments: 1) without MS and 2) with application of 400 L·ha-1 of MS. For the determination of the bacterial structure, the biodiversity indexes of richness (S), diversity (H') and equity (J'), identification of operational taxonomic units (OTU) were used through the T-RFLP technique. Application of MS in soil showed no significant effect on bacterial richness. However, the application of MS does alter the structure of the bacterial community (H' and J') in each of the tomato phenological stages. Finally, future studies which include the evaluation of the effects of MS on the physiology of intensive crops and functions in the different soil types are need.The constant use of sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate (metam sodium: MS) in protected agriculture in México has attracted the attention of researchers and producers on their effects on the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of MS on the bacterial community structure in an agricultural soil with tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.) considering the different phenological stages of the crop. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with a completely randomized block design with two treatments: 1) without MS and 2) with application of 400 L·ha-1 of MS. For the determination of the bacterial structure, the biodiversity indexes of richness (S), diversity (H') and equity (J'), identification of operational taxonomic units (OTU) were used through the T-RFLP technique. Application of MS in soil showed no significant effect on bacterial richness. However, the application of MS does alter the structure of the bacterial community (H' and J') in each of the tomato phenological stages. Finally, future studies which include the evaluation of the effects of MS on the physiology of intensive crops and functions in the different soil types are need

Contaminación por metales pesados en sedimentos de un área ribereña en San Luis Paotosí, México

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of heavy metal in sediments of a fragmented riparian area, as an indicator of environmental pollution in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Eleven sampling points, including four different land uses were established: Pond, Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Settlement. Sediment samples were taken during the seasons of spring, summer and autumn 2010, and winter 2011. The technique of ICP-MS was used to determine Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn data analysis was performed with Minitab®. Land use has an effect on the accumulation of Cu, Zn and Cd, with the agricultural area containing the highest concentrations. The season was a significant factor for concentrations of Zn, Cd and Pb, emphasizing spring 2010 and autumn 2010, respectively. Significant correlations were found between Cu-Zn (r = 0.746), Pb-Cu (r = 0.635) and Cd-Zn (r = 0.720). The normal limits of Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb in sediments established by the Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines were exceeded. By using other scientific and technical sources, maximum levels of Cu, Cd and Pb were defined with a condition of high pollution. This condition is attributed to the land use change dynamics, to wastewater discharges, and urban, agricultural and livestock wastes. Thus, a further environmental assessment is recomended for the study area.Se determinó la presencia de metales pesados en sedimentos de un sistema ribereño fragmentado por usos de suelo como indicador de contaminación ambiental en San Luis Potosí, México. Se establecieron once puntos de muestreo considerando los usos de suelo: Estanque, agrícola, Asentamiento rural y Ganadero. Durante las estaciones de primavera, verano y otoño de 2010 e invierno 2011, se tomaron muestras de sedimentos. Se utilizó la técnica de ICP-MS para determinar Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn y los datos fueron analizados en Minitab®. El uso de suelo incide en la acumulación de Cu, Zn y Cd, siendo la zona agrícola la que cuenta con mayores concentraciones. La estación fue significativa respecto de las concentraciones de Zn, Cd y Pb, destacando primavera 2010 y otoño 2010 respectivamente. Asimismo, fueron encontradas correlaciones significativas entre Cu-Zn (r = 0,746), Pb-Cu (r = 0,635) y Cd-Zn (r = 0,720). Los límites normales de Cu, Cd, Zn y Pb en sedimentos establecidos por la Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines fueron rebasados. Con otras fuentes se definieron que los niveles máximos de Cu, Cd y Pb presentaron una condición alta de contaminación. Esta condición es atribuida a la dinámica de usos de suelo, descargas de aguas residuales, desechos sólidos urbanos, agrícolas y ganaderos, recomendándose continuar su evaluación ambiental

Metales pesados en polvo atmosférico depositado en hojas de Acacia farnesiana (Fabaceae) y Prosopis laevigata (Fabaceae)

Atmospheric dust establishes an element of study to know the distribution of pollutant particles such as heavy metals and their effects on ecological systems. The objective was to determine the elemental composition of particles deposited in two species of trees as an indicator of environmental impact in San Luis Potosí, México. The distribution of Acacia farnesiana and Prosopis laevigata trees was taken into account in five soil uses to collect leaf material and extract atmospheric dust during the spring and summer seasons, determining the concentration of heavy metals using the ICP-MS technique. The results indicated the presence of Al> Cu> Zn> Pb> V> As> Ni> Cd> Ti> Cr> Co. Correlations with values of r2> 0.90 were presented between V-Ti, Ni-V, Ni-Ti, Al-Ti and Cr-V. The species factor conditioned the concentrations of Al, Ti, V, Cr, Ni and Zn mainly in the particles deposited in Prosopis leaves. Particles of nine elements were conditioned by the activities of the five land uses, where the use of mineral soil affected by the presence of Al, Cd, Co, Pb, Cu and Zn. Concentrations of Cd were 6.2 times higher in the use of mining soil than in the agricultural sector; 5.9 and 5.4 times the concentrations of Co and Pb in the use of mining soil with respect to the trade and service respectively. The season had only significant effects on Cr and Pb particles. This study indicates the existence of pollutants that can affect ecological systems so it falls within the context of continued evaluation of environmental impacts.El polvo atmosférico se establece como elemento de estudio para conocer la distribución de partículas contaminantes, como son los metales pesados y sus efectos sobre los sistemas ecológicos. El objetivo fue determinar la composición elemental de las partículas depositadas en dos especies de árboles como un indicador de impacto ambiental en San Luis Potosí, México. La distribución de los árboles de Acacia farnesiana y Prosopis laevigata se tomó en cuenta en cinco usos del suelo para recolectar material foliar y extraer el polvo atmosférico durante la primavera y el verano, determinando la concentración de metales pesados utilizando la técnica ICP-MS. Los resultados indicaron la presencia de Al> Cu> Zn> Pb> V> As> Ni> Cd> Ti> Cr> Co. Se presentaron correlaciones con valores de r2> 0,90 entre V-Ti, Ni-V, Ni-Ti, Al-Ti y Cr-V. El factor especie condicionó las concentraciones de Al, Ti, V, Cr, Ni y Zn principalmente en las partículas depositadas en las hojas de Prosopis. Las partículas de nueve elementos fueron condicionadas por las actividades de los cinco usos de la tierra, donde el uso del suelo mineral se vio afectado por la presencia de Al, Cd, Co, Pb, Cu y Zn. Las concentraciones de Cd fueron 6,2 veces más altas en el uso de suelo minero que en el sector agrícola; 5,9 y 5,4 veces las concentraciones de Co y Pb en el uso del suelo minero con respecto al comercio y al servicio, respectivamente. La temporada solo tuvo efectos significativos sobre las partículas de Cr y Pb. Este estudio indica la existencia de contaminantes que pueden afectar los sistemas ecológicos, por lo que entran en el contexto de la evaluación de los impactos ambientales.Fil: Jorge Alcalá Jáuregui. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Juan C. Rodríguez Ortiz. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Alejandra Hernández Montoya. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: María Flavia Filippini. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Eduardo Martinez Carretero. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Fil: Paola Elizabeth Díaz Flores. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Ángel Natanael Rojas Velázquez. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Humberto Rodríguez-Fuentes. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (México). Facultad de Agronomía.Fil: Félix Alfredo Beltrán Morales. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur (México

Reflexiones desde la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la arquitectura 2

La segunda entrega del libro Doceo “Reflexiones desde la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la arquitectura”, es fruto de metodologías de enseñanza- aprendizaje diseñadas para cada caso, y que representan la impronta personal de cada autor. Es importante resaltar, que todos los argumentos presentados en esta obra corresponden a experiencias en el aula, conclusiones de docentes y/o estudiantes en el marco de una asignatura desarrollada en la Universidad de la Costa con sede en Barranquilla, Colombia. El Volumen dos de esta entrega se ha editado progresivamente, en una primera parte la compilación estuvo a cargo de la profesora Stephania Mouthon, quien centralizó todos los manuscritos, luego de esto, hemos construido de manera conjunta el diseño editorial, estructura del cuerpo y demás aspectos de perfeccionamiento del documento.Departamento de Arquitectura, Universidad de la Cost

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Nuevos escenarios para la docencia universitaria : entornos híbridos y pedagogías emergentes.

Memorias del IX Simposio Internacional de Docencia Universitaria (SIDU)Los trabajos reunidos en esta Memoria representan una contribución importante al campo de la educación y de la docencia universitaria, en tanto muestran distintas maneras de responder a las problemáticas educativas cotidianas y presentan propuestas para afrontar los retos emergentes en el campo de la educación superior. Invitamos a los lectores a realizar una lectura atenta y crítica de los trabajos compilados en esta publicación. Estamos seguros de que este acercamiento propiciará la reflexión y el análisis riguroso de los objetos de estudio abordados por los autores, y estimulará la generación de nuevos proyectos de investigación, intervención e innovación educativa que incidan en el desarrollo de mejores prácticas de docencia en educación media superior y superior.Pimera edición digitaldoi.org/10.56019/EDU-CETYS.2024.182

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Ensayo en invernadero de abonos verdes sobre las propiedades del suelo, producción de acelga e implicaciones ambientales

In this trial, legumes dolichos beans (Lablab purpureosL. ex Sweet) and yorimon beans (Vigna unguiculataL. Walp) as green manureswere studied. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the ability to capture carbon and fix nitrogen, as well as to measure the effects of its incorporation in the soil, the production of chard (Beta vulgarisvar. cicla L.) and to analyze the environmental implications. In the results, L. purpureosproduced 1932 kg of dry matter in 90 days after sowing (869 kg ha-1of C) and fixed 30 kg of N ha-1in its tissues, while V. unguiculataproduced 2040 kg of dry matter in 80 days after sowing (918 kg ha-1of C) and fixed 40 kg of N ha-1in its tissues. The soil effects were not significant in both AV, compared to the control treatment (without AV). However, both promoted an increase in the weight of chard (40% in L. purpureosand 31% in V. unguiculata). Environmentally, green manures canreduce the carbon footprint by 280 kg ha-1of CO2equivalent by dispensing with synthetic nitrogenous chemical fertilizers in the production of chard. Green manures, as a source of nutrients, especially N, could form part of the integral management of thesoil in the horticultural production systems of semi-arid zonesEn este ensayo se estudió las leguminosas frijol dolichos (Lablab purpureos L. ex Sweet) y frijol yorimón (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) como abonos verdes. Los objetivos del estudio fueron evaluar la capacidad de capturar carbono y fijar nitrógeno, así como medir los efectos de su incorporación en el suelo, la producción de acelga (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.) y analizar las implicaciones ambientales. En los resultados L. purpureos produjo 1 932 kg de materia seca en 90 días después de la siembra (869 kg ha-1 de C) y fijó en sus tejidos 30 kg de N ha-1, mientras que V. unguiculata produjo 2 040 kg de materia seca en 80 días después de la siembra (918 kg ha-1 de C) y fijó en sus tejidos 40 kg de N ha-1. Los efectos en el suelo no fueron significativos en ambos AV, en comparación con el tratamiento testigo (sin AV). Sin embargo, ambos promovieron un incremento en peso de acelga (40% en L. purpureos y 31% en V. unguiculata). En lo ambiental, los abonos verdes pueden reducir la huella de carbono en 280 kg ha-1 de CO2 equivalente al prescindir de fertilizantes químicos sintéticos nitrogenados en la producción de acelga. Los abonos verdes, como fuente de nutrientes, en especial N, podrían formar parte del manejo integral del suelo en los sistemas de producción hortícola de zonas semiárida

Contaminación por metales pesados en sedimentos de un área ribereña en San Luis Potosí, México

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of heavy metal in sediments of a fragmented riparian area, as an indicator of environmental pollution in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Eleven sampling points, including four different land uses were established: Pond, Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Settlement. Sediment samples were taken during the seasons of spring, summer and autumn 2010, and winter 2011. The technique of ICP-MS was used to determine Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn data analysis was performed with Minitab®. Land use has an effect on the accumulation of Cu, Zn and Cd, with the agricultural area containing the highest concentrations. The season was a significant factor for concentrations of Zn, Cd and Pb, emphasizing spring 2010 and autumn 2010, respectively. Significant correlations were found between Cu-Zn (r = 0.746), Pb-Cu (r = 0.635) and Cd-Zn (r = 0.720). The normal limits of Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb in sediments established by the Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines were exceeded. By using other scientific and technical sources, maximum levels of Cu, Cd and Pb were defined with a condition of high pollution. This condition is attributed to the land use change dynamics, to wastewater discharges, and urban, agricultural and livestock wastes. Thus, a further environmental assessment is recomended for the study area.Se determinó la presencia de metales pesados en sedimentos de un sistema ribereño fragmentado por usos de suelo como indicador de contaminación ambiental en San Luis Potosí, México. Se establecieron once puntos de muestreo considerando los usos de suelo: Estanque, agrícola, Asentamiento rural y Ganadero. Durante las estaciones de primavera, verano y otoño de 2010 e invierno 2011, se tomaron muestras de sedimentos. Se utilizó la técnica de ICP-MS para determinar Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn y los datos fueron analizados en Minitab®. El uso de suelo incide en la acumulación de Cu, Zn y Cd, siendo la zona agrícola la que cuenta con mayores concentraciones. La estación fue significativa respecto de las concentraciones de Zn, Cd y Pb, destacando primavera 2010 y otoño 2010 respectivamente. Asimismo, fueron encontradas correlaciones significativas entre Cu-Zn (r = 0,746), Pb-Cu (r = 0,635) y Cd-Zn (r = 0,720). Los límites normales de Cu, Cd, Zn y Pb en sedimentos establecidos por la Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines fueron rebasados. Con otras fuentes se definieron que los niveles máximos de Cu, Cd y Pb presentaron una condición alta de contaminación. Esta condición es atribuida a la dinámica de usos de suelo, descargas de aguas residuales, desechos sólidos urbanos, agrícolas y ganaderos, recomendándose continuar su evaluación ambiental.Fil: Alcalá Jáuregui, Jorge. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Rodríguez Ortiz, Juan Carlos. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Hernández Montoya, Alejandra. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Villarreal Guerrero, Federico. Chihuahua (México). Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología.Fil: Cabrera Rodríguez, Alejandra. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Beltrán Morales, F. Alfredo. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas.Fil: Díaz Flores, Paola Elizabeth. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Facultad de Agronomí