Taxonomy based on science is necessary for global conservation

Peer reviewe

Prevalencia y factores asociados a calculo dental y enfermedades periodontal en los perros del distrito de Huánuco

TesisSe estudiaron 120 caninos para determinar la prevalencia de cálculo y enfermedad periodontal (Gingivitis y Periodontitis) en la ciudad de Huánuco. A los 120 canes se les realizo un examen clínico estomatognático con la finalidad de diagnosticar la presencia de cálculos dentales, gingivitis y periodontitis y determinar la relación según la edad a la que se agrupo de 1-3 años, 4-7 años y de 8-10 años, tipo de alimentación (balanceado, casero y mixto) y estructura anatómica del cráneo (dolicocefalicos, mesocefalicos y braquiocefálico), mediante observación directa y la anamnesis Encontrando la prevalencia de cálculo dental de 60.80%, gingivitis 24.13% y de periodontitis 60.70% Al realizar un análisis comparativo entre la gingivitis y las variables edad existe relación estadística pero no se encontró relación entre gingivitis con la estructura anatómica y el tipo de alimento lo que significa que la dieta y el tipo de cráneo no influye sobre la enfermedad gingival, pero sí la periodontitis tiene relación con la edad, tipo de alimentación y tipo de cráneo

Leadership in Mammalian Societies: Emergence, Distribution, Power, and Payoff

Leadership is an active area of research in both the biological and social sciences. This review provides a transdisciplinary synthesis of biological and social-science views of leadership from an evolutionary perspective, and examines patterns of leadership in a set of small-scale human and non-human mammalian societies. We review empirical and theoretical work on leadership in four domains: movement, food acquisition, within-group conflict mediation, and between-group interactions. We categorize patterns of variation in leadership in five dimensions: distribution (across individuals), emergence (achieved versus inherited), power, relative payoff to leadership, and generality (across domains). We find that human leadership exhibits commonalities with and differences from the broader mammalian pattern, raising interesting theoretical and empirical issues

Author Correction: The challenge of mapping the human connectome based on diffusion tractography.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper

The challenge of mapping the human connectome based on diffusion tractography

Tractography based on non-invasive diffusion imaging is central to the study of human brain connectivity. To date, the approach has not been systematically validated in ground truth studies. Based on a simulated human brain data set with ground truth tracts, we organized an open international tractography challenge, which resulted in 96 distinct submissions from 20 research groups. Here, we report the encouraging finding that most state-of-the-art algorithms produce tractograms containing 90% of the ground truth bundles (to at least some extent). However, the same tractograms contain many more invalid than valid bundles, and half of these invalid bundles occur systematically across research groups. Taken together, our results demonstrate and confirm fundamental ambiguities inherent in tract reconstruction based on orientation information alone, which need to be considered when interpreting tractography and connectivity results. Our approach provides a novel framework for estimating reliability of tractography and encourages innovation to address its current limitations

The challenge of mapping the human connectome based on diffusion tractography

Tractography based on non-invasive diffusion imaging is central to the study of human brain connectivity. To date, the approach has not been systematically validated in ground truth studies. Based on a simulated human brain data set with ground truth tracts, we organized an open international tractography challenge, which resulted in 96 distinct submissions from 20 research groups. Here, we report the encouraging finding that most state-of-the-art algorithms produce tractograms containing 90% of the ground truth bundles (to at least some extent). However, the same tractograms contain many more invalid than valid bundles, and half of these invalid bundles occur systematically across research groups. Taken together, our results demonstrate and confirm fundamental ambiguities inherent in tract reconstruction based on orientation information alone, which need to be considered when interpreting tractography and connectivity results. Our approach provides a novel framework for estimating reliability of tractography and encourages innovation to address its current limitations

The challenge of mapping the human connectome based on diffusion tractography

Tractography based on non-invasive diffusion imaging is central to the study of human brain connectivity. To date, the approach has not been systematically validated in ground truth studies. Based on a simulated human brain data set with ground truth tracts, we organized an open international tractography challenge, which resulted in 96 distinct submissions from 20 research groups. Here, we report the encouraging finding that most state-of-the-art algorithms produce tractograms containing 90% of the ground truth bundles (to at least some extent). However, the same tractograms contain many more invalid than valid bundles, and half of these invalid bundles occur systematically across research groups. Taken together, our results demonstrate and confirm fundamental ambiguities inherent in tract reconstruction based on orientation information alone, which need to be considered when interpreting tractography and connectivity results. Our approach provides a novel framework for estimating reliability of tractography and encourages innovation to address its current limitations