A Simulação e a Videoconferência no Ensino de Enfermagem

The objective of this study was to compare the learning outcomes of undergraduate nursing students who used simulated low fidelity teaching strategies with the results of those who used high fidelity simulated teaching videoconference. This is an experimental study carried out with undergraduates nursing students from Brazil which were divided into two groups and submitted to different distance education strategies: Virtual Learning Environment (AVA) and videoconference. The data were collected through questionnaires and theoretical and theoretical-practical evaluation. In general terms, this work compared the two groups of students, which had been randomly distributed and submitted to simulated low fidelity teaching (17) and to the videoconference of the simulated high fidelity training and its respective debriefing (27). The present study was carried out following the ethical precepts. The Free and Informed Consent Term was used. The students reported that VLE and video conferencing aided their learning. It was also observed that the learning performance of the students submitted to the simulation of low fidelity was better than those who attended the videoconference of the simulated high fidelity training and its respective debriefing. It is concluded that the simulated teaching is an effective teaching strategy that promotes the participation of the student as an actor of his learning.O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os resultados da aprendizagem de estudantes de graduação em enfermagem que utilizaram estratégias de ensino simulado de baixa fidelidade com os resultados dos que usaram videoconferência do ensino simulado de alta fidelidade. Trata-se de um trabalho experimental realizado com graduandos de enfermagem do Brasil, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos e submetidos a diferentes estratégias de educação a distância: Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) e videoconferência. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários e avaliação teórica e teórico-prática. Em linhas gerais, foram comparados os dois grupos de estudantes, os quais haviam sido distribuídos aleatoriamente e submetidos ao ensino simulado de baixa fidelidade (17) e à videoconferência do treino simulado de alta fidelidade e seu respectivo debriefing (27). O estudo foi realizado seguindo os preceitos éticos. Utilizou-se o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Os estudantes relataram que o AVA e a videoconferência auxiliaram no seu aprendizado. Observou-se ainda que foi melhor o desempenho da aprendizagem dos alunos submetidos à simulação de baixa fidelidade do que o daqueles que assistiram à videoconferência do treino simulado de alta fidelidade e seu respectivo debriefing. Conclui-se que o ensino simulado é uma estratégia de ensino eficaz que promove de modo efetivo a participação do aluno como ator de seu aprendizado

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data