VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DE ALGUNS ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS EM ÁREAS CULTIVADAS COM SOJA E ARROZ NO ESTADO DE RORAIMA - CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA AGRICULTURA DE PRECISÃO

The state of Roraima has an area of ??225 116 km2, representing 2.64% of the national territory and 5.81% in the northern region. detailed knowledge of the spatial variability of soil fertility attributes can improve the localized applications of lime and fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variability of some attributes (ph, ca +2 and p) chemical soil under cultivation of soybean and rice in the state of Roraima, with the help of precision agriculture. Soil sampling was conducted in 3265 ha, with sampling grid of 5 ha, totaling 653 sampling points (composite samples). Each composite sample was georeferenced and formed from 10 single samples collected in a circle around each sampling grid, thus resulting in a total of 6530 samples collected simple. For soils assessed with precision agriculture of the two municipalities, the attributes showed satisfactory levels of variation (available p) disabled (ca available), and very low (pH).   Keywords: georeferencing, grains, soil fertility.  O Estado de Roraima possui uma superfície de 225.116 km2, representando 2,64% do território nacional e 5,81% da Região Norte. O conhecimento detalhado da variabilidade espacial dos atributos da fertilidade do solo pode aperfeiçoar as aplicações localizadas de corretivos e fertilizantes. Objetivou-se neste trabalho, avaliar a variabilidade de alguns atributos (pH, Ca+2 e P) químicos de solos sob cultivo de soja e arroz no estado de Roraima, com auxílio da Agricultura de Precisão. A amostragem do solo foi realizada em 3265 ha, com grade amostral de 5 ha, perfazendo o total de 653 pontos amostrais (amostras compostas). Cada amostra composta foi georreferenciada e formada a partir de 10 amostras simples coletadas em um círculo ao redor de cada grade de amostragem, resultando assim num total de 6530 amostras simples coletadas. Para os solos avaliados com agricultura de precisão dos dois municípios, os atributos mostraram variação de níveis satisfatórios (P disponível) a deficientes (Ca disponível), e muito baixo (pH). PALAVRAS-CHAVE: fertilidade do solo, georreferenciamento, grãos

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES EVALUATED IN OXISOL TWO TIMES OF THE YEAR IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF CAPITÃO POÇO, PA

RESUMO: A adoção de técnicas racionais de manejo conservacionista do solo e da água é de fundamental importância para a sustentabilidade. Os atributos físicos do solo possuem importância edáfica, uma vez que implicam diretamente na produção agrícola. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de alguns atributos físicos do solo: a lâmina d`água e a densidade do solo, em dois períodos do ano, em um Latossolo Amarelo no município de Capitão Poço, PA. As coletas foram realizadas aleatoriamente nas profundidades (0-20, 20-40, 40-60 e 60-80) em dois períodos consecutivos do ano, seco e chuvoso, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (4 profundidades x 2 períodos de coleta). Os parâmetros físicos analisados neste trabalho apresentaram distinções entre os períodos analisados e quanto à profundidade amostrada.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: densidade, umidade, perfil do solo.ABSTRACT: The adoption of rational conservation management of soil and water is fundamental to sustainability. The soil physical properties have important edaphic, since they involve directly in agricultural production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of some soil physical properties: the water depths and soil bulk density in two periods of the year in some soil in the municipality of Captain Wells, PA. Samples were collected at random depths (0-20, 20-40, 40-60 and 60-80) in two consecutive periods of the year, dry and rainy seasons, respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized (4 x 2 depths collection periods). The physical parameters analyzed in this study showed distinctions between periods and to the depth sampled.   KEY WORDS: density, moisture, profile soil.

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved