Reviews

Obra ressenyada: Alessandro DURANTI, Linguistic anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997

Síntesis de recubrimientos de cloruro de aluminio y acetato de níquel utilizando la técnica de depósito de vapor químico asistida por aerosol (CVDAA)

En las últimas décadas la deposición de películas delgadas ha experimentado un impresionante avance debido a la necesidad de obtener nuevos productos y dispositivos adaptables en los diferentes campos de la industria. Sin embargo, el objetivo fundamental de estas radica en la modificación de las propiedades de la superficie de un material, dirigido a obtener una mejora en las propiedades del conjunto capa-sustrato o, en otros casos, para realizar una función específica (recubrimientos funcionales). De esta forma se ha implementado la síntesis de películas delgadas por métodos como Baño Químico (CBD), Deposición Química de Vapor (CVD) y asistida por aerosol (CVDAA), Evaporación térmica, Electrón Beam Evaporation y Sputtering; en particular la deposición química de vapor asistida por aerosol (CVDAA), llama la atención en la comunidad científica debido a su bajo costo de implementación y su simplicidad ya que por medio de esta se realizan recubrimientos en sustratos con geometrías complejas teniendo como resultado una distribución uniforme de la solución precursora sobre la superficie del sustrato, obteniendo así revestimientos de alta calidad. En la actualidad existen diversos laboratorios que realizan el depósito y el estudio de los recubrimientos aplicados a tecnología solar térmica, entre estos está el Grupo de Investigación en Propiedades Magnéticas y Magnetoópticas de los Nuevos Materiales (GIMM-Colombia) que en conjunto con el Laboratorio de Películas Delgadas del Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV-MEXICO), realizan este tipo de trabajo, con el fin de poder utilizarlas en la creación de dispositivos que aprovechen en su mayor rango la energía proveniente del sol

Papel de la Administración Sanitaria en la comunicación y educación alimentaria = Role of the Health Administration in food communication and education

Resumen: La promoción o fomento de la salud se ha venido considerando desde hace mucho tiempo como una de las funciones y de los objetivos de los servicios sanitarios.La alimentación saludable debe integrarse de forma habitual en el contexto de la vida cotidiana y la población debe ser consciente de que mantener unos hábitos saludables es un valioso medio para prevenir la enfermedad y promover la salud.Los programas de educación nutricional son un instrumentoesencial para lograr cambios en los hábitos alimentarios y estilos de vida de la población. La familia, la escuela y la comunidad son los ámbitos naturales de los programas de educación nutricional.La información permite asentar las actitudes correctas y los comportamientos deseables sobre la base del conocimiento, por ello representa una parte importante de la educación nutricional, aunque esta plantea objetivos más amplios. Palabras clave: servicios sanitarios, educación nutricional, hábitos saludables Abstract: Promotion of health is been considered as one of the most important functions and objectives of Health Services. Healthy diet should be integrated in the context of everyday life, the population should be aware that maintain healthy habits is a valuable way to prevent disease and promote health.Nutritional education programs are essential instruments to achieve changes in eating habits and lifestyles of the population. The family, school and community are natural areas of nutrition education programs.The information can build the right attitudes and desirable behaviors on the basis of knowledge this represents an important part of nutritional education, although this raises broader objectives.Key Words: Health Services, Nutritional education, healthy habits doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/recs.2016.312

Integración de estrategias de diseño sustentable en edificaciones verticales de uso mixto en la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo diseñar un proyecto de edificación vertical de alta densidad con uso de suelo mixto en Guadalajara donde se implementen estrategias de diseño que tomen en cuenta los tres pilares de la sustentabilidad. La problemática que se busca resolver es disminuir la expansión de la mancha urbana que resulta de construir desarrollos de vivienda dispersos, la falta de infraestructura y equipamiento de dichos desarrollos, el cambio de uso de suelo periurbano y los impactos que resultan del aumento de viajes para desplazarse de la vivienda construida en la periferia hacia las zonas centrales de la ciudad donde se localizan fuentes de trabajo, servicios y equipamiento. La propuesta de solución que se presenta plantea el desarrollo de un proyecto arquitectónico de alta densidad en donde se implementan la utilización de sistemas constructivos adecuados, estrategias de diseño ambiental y el uso de tecnologías adecuadas que sirvan como ejemplo para futuros proyectos arquitectónicos con características sustentables.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí

La influencia de los grupos parlamentarios en los proyectos de ley de naturaleza penal: La reforma penal del año 2010

The present study aims to identify the influence of the parliamentary groups on draft criminal laws. To that end, focusing on the criminal law reform in 2010, we have proceeded to review the amendments for draft criminal law submitted by the parliamentary groups in the Congress, and how these amendments are articulated in the approved definition of the law. The results obtained clearly show that there is a greater influence in the negotiation of the draft law, exercised by the parliamentary majority represented in the Government against a weak counterweight of parliamentary groups which exercise a political opposition in the Congress.El presente estudio tiene como objeto conocer la influencia que ejercen los grupos parlamentarios en los proyectos de ley de naturaleza penal. A tal fin, centrándonos en la reforma penal del año 2010, se ha atendido a las enmiendas presentadas al proyecto de ley por los grupos parlamentarios en el Congreso delos Diputados y a la plasmación de las mismas en el articulado tras la aprobación definitiva de la ley. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto una mayor influencia en la tramitación del proyecto de ley de lamayoría parlamentaria representada en el Gobierno frente a un débil contrapeso de los grupos parlamentarios que ejercen la oposición en el Congreso

Longitudinal chromatic aberration of the human eye in the visible and near infrared from wavefront sensing, double-pass and psychophysics

15 págs.; 7 figs.; 1 tab.; OCIS codes: (260.0260) Physical optics; (330.0330) Vision, color, and visual optics; (330.4875) Optics of physiological systems; (330.5370) Physiological optics; (220.1010) Aberrations (global); (220.1080) Active or adaptive optics.© 2015 Optical Society of America. Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration (LCA) influences the optical quality of the eye. However, the reported LCA varies across studies, likely associated to differences in the measurement techniques. We present LCA measured in subjects using wavefront sensing, double-pass retinal images, and psychophysical methods with a custom-developed polychromatic Adaptive Optics system in a wide spectral range (450-950 nm), with control of subjects’ natural aberrations. LCA measured psychophysically was significantly higher than that from reflectometric techniques (1.51 D vs 1.00 D in the 488-700 nm range). Ours results indicate that the presence of natural aberrations is not the cause for the discrepancies across techniques.This research has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement. [ERC-2011- AdC 294099]. This study was also supported by Spanish Government grant FIS2011-25637 to SM, CSIC JAE-Pre programs & MICINN FPU Predoctoral Fellowship to MV, and CSIC JAE-Tec program to DC.Peer Reviewe

Expression of Canonical SOS Genes Is Not under LexA Repression in Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus

The here-reported identification of the LexA-binding sequence of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, a bacterial predator belonging to the δ-Proteobacteria, has made possible a detailed study of its LexA regulatory network. Surprisingly, only the lexA gene and a multiple gene cassette including dinP and dnaE homologues are regulated by the LexA protein in this bacterium. In vivo expression analyses have confirmed that this gene cassette indeed forms a polycistronic unit that, like the lexA gene, is DNA damage inducible in B. bacteriovorus. Conversely, genes such as recA, uvrA, ruvCAB, and ssb, which constitute the canonical core of the Proteobacteria SOS system, are not repressed by the LexA protein in this organism, hinting at a persistent selective pressure to maintain both the lexA gene and its regulation on the reported multiple gene cassette. In turn, in vitro experiments show that the B. bacteriovorus LexA-binding sequence is not recognized by other δ-Proteobacteria LexA proteins but binds to the cyanobacterial LexA repressor. This places B. bacteriovorus LexA at the base of the δ-Proteobacteria LexA family, revealing a high degree of conservation in the LexA regulatory sequence prior to the diversification and specialization seen in deeper groups of the Proteobacteria phylum.This work was funded by grant BFM2004-02768/BMC from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC) de España and 2001SGR-206 from the Departament d’Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informació (DURSI) de la Generalitat de Catalunya and by the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). N. Salvador was recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the DURSI, and S. Campoy is recipient of a postdoctoral contract from INIA-IRTA.Peer reviewe

From cocooning to Skyping: An ethnographic study of young children's everyday mobilities in an English town

‘From cocooning to Skyping: an ethnographic study of mobilities in young children’s everyday lives in an English town’ posits the question of how the movements of people, objects, ideas, information and images through physical, virtual, communicative and imaginative means are practiced, experienced and represented by and in relation to young children, in a small English town that I will call Wishwell. This question involves identifying the manifold forms of mobilities that shaped young children’s lives in this particular location: from babies bodily movements and everyday trips within town, to journeys to other countries, cards and parcels sent and received through the post, and videoconferencing on Skype. It also involves tracing the varied places, people and things to which children were connected through these mobilities, and the discourses and representation of childhood and mobility that gave meaning to young children’s mobile experiences and practices. The research question acknowledges children as positioned in relation to phenomena beyond their immediate space of perception, but at the same time it highlights the necessity to empirically explore how these connections are made and experienced, rather than taking them for granted. Therefore, the ‘from’ and ‘to’ on this title do not denote a progressive and linear movement through life cycle stages. Instead, it highlights the diverse range of overlapping and interdependent means and scales of movement that I encountered

Representations and transfer processes in L2 speech production: Evidence from Catalan learners of English

The present thesis examines L1 transfer in L2 production. This thesis investigates the possible role in L2 speech production of 1) various types of sound representations (underlying and surface segments), their mappings to L2 sound categories and their phonetic realisation 2) speech perception and 3) the effect of the morphological composition of L2 words. The advanced Catalan learners of English, who served as subjects in the study, displayed more accuracy in their production of target English /d/ and // in contexts where they surface in Catalan than in the production of /d/ in intervocalic position and // in initial position. Their perceptual identification of target /d/ and // in both initial and intervocalic position could not predict their production. However, these findings could be accounted for by positing the transfer of L1 underlying segments as well as an L1 underlying to surface realisation mechanism onto the L2 system. The replication of a study by Eckman and Iverson (1997) on the role played by morphology in L2 speech production shows that L2 speakers’ production of /d/ does not depend on whether the lexical items are derived or non-derived. Overall, the findings in the different experiments display the possibility of predicting transfer in L2 production based on L1 surface realisation patterns. Results are discussed in terms of traditional Generative Phonology, as well as Optimality and Exemplar Theories

Revisiting the Technological and Non-Technological Challenges to Municipal E-Government in Spain

In the past decade, society and technology have made remarkable progress in the realm of the digital economy. Public administrations, in their double role as part and servant of society, must keep up with this progress, but this development does not happen without its difficulties. This paper aims to explore whether the transformation of local e-government environment has made a significant impact in the way municipalities face their challenges when implementing an e-government strategy. To do so, a longitudinal research was conducted to explore any changes within the perceived value of challenges to municipal e-government initiatives over the past 8 years by local Chief Information Officers in Spain. This theoretical and empirical research contributes to the ongoing discussion on the varying role of technology as an explicit hindrance and as base for other challenges, and the impact of other non ICT-driven challenges for e-government. It also proposes a set of managerial implications to help overcoming said challenges based on the knowledge of local government experts in a contingent manner. The paper’s results establish the significant and persistent effect of political interference in local e-government success in Spain, asserting that they are mostly non ICT-driven challenges that are viewed as significantly bigger obstacles today