Aggressive children's memory for attachment relevant information

This study examined a measure of children's memory for information from a story about a hypothetical mother and child, the Story Task, as a potential tool to delineate subtypes of aggressive children based on the pattern of information processing revealed through their Story Task performance. The Story Task scores of 263 second and third grade aggressive children were subjected to a cluster analytic procedure. Although four apparently distinct subgroups emerged from the cluster analysis (negative recall, low recall, defensive processing, and positive projection), validation analyses of these clusters against external variables failed to reveal significant group differences. Potential exaplanations for the failure to find meaningful subgroups of aggressive children and general limitations of the study are discussed

β-Glucan is a major growth substrate for human gut bacteria related to Coprococcus eutactus

A clone encoding carboxymethyl cellulase activity was isolated during functional screening of a human gut metagenomic library using Lactococcus lactis MG1363 as heterologous host. The insert carried a glycoside hydrolase family 9 (GH9) catalytic domain with sequence similarity to a gene from Coprococcus eutactus ART55/1. Genome surveys indicated a limited distribution of GH9 domains among dominant human colonic anaerobes. Genomes of C. eutactus-related strains harboured two GH9-encoding and four GH5-encoding genes, but the strains did not appear to degrade cellulose. Instead, they grew well on β-glucans and one of the strains also grew on galactomannan, galactan, glucomannan and starch. Coprococcus comes and Coprococcus catus strains did not harbour GH9 genes and were not able to grow on β-glucans. Gene expression and proteomic analysis of C. eutactus ART55/1 grown on cellobiose, β-glucan and lichenan revealed similar changes in expression in comparison to glucose. On β-glucan and lichenan only, one of the four GH5 genes was strongly upregulated. Growth on glucomannan led to a transcriptional response of many genes, in particular a strong upregulation of glycoside hydrolases involved in mannan degradation. Thus, β-glucans are a major growth substrate for species related to C. eutactus, with glucomannan and galactans alternative substrates for some strains

Global analysis of depletion and recovery of seabed biota after bottom trawling disturbance

Bottom trawling is the most widespread human activity affecting seabed habitats. Here, we collate all available data for experimental and comparative studies of trawling impacts on whole communities of seabed macroinvertebrates on sedimentary habitats and develop widely applicable methods to estimate depletion and recovery rates of biota after trawling. Depletion of biota and trawl penetration into the seabed are highly correlated. Otter trawls caused the least depletion, removing 6% of biota per pass and penetrating the seabed on average down to 2.4 cm, whereas hydraulic dredges caused the most depletion, removing 41% of biota and penetrating the seabed on average 16.1 cm. Median recovery times posttrawling (from 50 to 95% of unimpacted biomass) ranged between 1.9 and 6.4 y. By accounting for the effects of penetration depth, environmental variation, and uncertainty, the models explained much of the variability of depletion and recovery estimates from single studies. Coupled with large-scale, high-resolution maps of trawling frequency and habitat, our estimates of depletion and recovery rates enable the assessment of trawling impacts on unprecedented spatial scales

Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses

To understand neurological complications of COVID-19 better both acutely and for recovery, we measured markers of brain injury, inflammatory mediators, and autoantibodies in 203 hospitalised participants; 111 with acute sera (1–11 days post-admission) and 92 convalescent sera (56 with COVID-19-associated neurological diagnoses). Here we show that compared to 60 uninfected controls, tTau, GFAP, NfL, and UCH-L1 are increased with COVID-19 infection at acute timepoints and NfL and GFAP are significantly higher in participants with neurological complications. Inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-12p40, HGF, M-CSF, CCL2, and IL-1RA) are associated with both altered consciousness and markers of brain injury. Autoantibodies are more common in COVID-19 than controls and some (including against MYL7, UCH-L1, and GRIN3B) are more frequent with altered consciousness. Additionally, convalescent participants with neurological complications show elevated GFAP and NfL, unrelated to attenuated systemic inflammatory mediators and to autoantibody responses. Overall, neurological complications of COVID-19 are associated with evidence of neuroglial injury in both acute and late disease and these correlate with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses acutely

Social comparison processes in organizations

We systematically analyze the role of social comparison processes in organizations. Specifically, we describe how social comparison processes have been used to explain six key areas of organizational inquiry: (1) organizational justice, (2) performance appraisal, (3) virtual work environments, (4) affective behavior in the workplace, (5) stress, and (6) leadership. Additionally, we describe how unique contextual factors in organizations offer new insight into two widely studied sub-processes of social comparison, acquiring social information and thinking about that information. Our analyses underscore the merit of integrating organizational phenomena and social comparison processes in future research and theory

Author correction: Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses

No abstract available

Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses

To understand neurological complications of COVID-19 better both acutely and for recovery, we measured markers of brain injury, inflammatory mediators, and autoantibodies in 203 hospitalised participants; 111 with acute sera (1–11 days post-admission) and 92 convalescent sera (56 with COVID-19-associated neurological diagnoses). Here we show that compared to 60 uninfected controls, tTau, GFAP, NfL, and UCH-L1 are increased with COVID-19 infection at acute timepoints and NfL and GFAP are significantly higher in participants with neurological complications. Inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-12p40, HGF, M-CSF, CCL2, and IL-1RA) are associated with both altered consciousness and markers of brain injury. Autoantibodies are more common in COVID-19 than controls and some (including against MYL7, UCH-L1, and GRIN3B) are more frequent with altered consciousness. Additionally, convalescent participants with neurological complications show elevated GFAP and NfL, unrelated to attenuated systemic inflammatory mediators and to autoantibody responses. Overall, neurological complications of COVID-19 are associated with evidence of neuroglial injury in both acute and late disease and these correlate with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses acutely

Co-constructing the peri-urban: making space for community imaginings of rurality alongside regional strategic visions

Planners use vision statements to persuade the community of a preferred future trajectory of development and growth. These visions, with spatial and temporal settings and events involving actors, replicate stories. Through listening to these stories, the audience is able to both make sense of the past and prepare for the future (van Hulst 2012). This research adopts this view of planners as storytellers and takes a particular vision statement of an alternative future for a peri-urban region of Victoria and assesses its success in being persuasive and constitutive. The case study area consists of seven Local Government Areas in Victoria, including municipalities along major transport routes up to Bendigo as well as those on the outskirts of Melbourne. This region is known as the 'peri-urban' and is the subject of current debate around appropriate development that maintains agricultural productivity, landscape character and natural resources (Buxton et al. 2008, Buxton et al. 2011). Unprecedented growth in these regions is causing concern to communities, academic experts and planners alike. This research aims to bring a vision statement to residents, community groups and planners in the study area. It seeks to make space for their interpretations of the vision, and the future of their region, alongside that of the dominant planning narrative represented by the vision. It seeks to determine where their visions intersect with those expressed in the statement and whether there are critical disagreements. It is hoped that through this process of counter-narration, the community will offer suggestions of how best to plan for the future of their environments. Drawing on the theory of imaginaries, this report recognises the multiple and diverse narratives that exist in the peri-urban, both within the dominant planning stories and in the community itself. Without a normative vision, or a coherent foundational narrative (Sandercock 2003) of a resilient peri-urban, agreeing on a univocal or meta-narrative for these regions might not be possible. The intention of this research is to make space for pluri-vocal narratives alongside a regional strategic vision in the hope that a degree of cross- III pollination will occur that could assist planners understand better the lived-in experiences and community aspirations of the peri-urban

Direct vs. projective: measures of children's perceptions of the parent-child relationship as predictors of future relationship quality

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references: p. 24-29.Issued also on microfiche from Lange Micrographics.The predictive validity of a projective measure of childrens perceptions of the parent-child relationship was compared with the predictive validity of more direct measures. The criterion variable was the quality of a newly formed relationship between children and their mentors. Subjects were 61 children in the second and third grades who were nominated as aggressive by their teachers. The direct and projective measures were not correlated with each other. Generally, neither the direct nor the projective measures were individually associated with quality of the mentor-child relationship. In addition, the projective measure failed to explain a significant percentage of the variance in the quality of the mentor-child relationship above and beyond the contribution of the direct measures. The projective measure was subjected to a cluster analysis based on factor scores, but valid clusters failed to emerge. Results are discussed in terms of difficulties with the use of projective measures in general and with the scoring system used with this particular projective measure