Ressenyes

Obres ressenyades: Joan BADA; Emilio LA PARRA, Ernest LLUCH; Josep Maria MARQUÈS ; Joaquim Maria PUIGVERT; Joaquim Maria PUIGVERT (ed.), Bisbes, Il·lustració i jansenisme a la Catalunya del segle XVIII. Vic/Girona, Eumo editorial, 2000 ; Montserrat JIMÉNEZ SUREDA, L'Església catalana sota la monarquia dels Borbons. La Catedral de Girona al segle XVIII. Barcelona: Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat/Ajuntament de Girona, 1998

Leaves play a central role in the adaptation of nitrogen and sulfur metabolism to ammonium nutrition in oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

Background: The coordination between nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) assimilation is required to suitably provide plants with organic compounds essential for their development and growth. The N source induces the adaptation of many metabolic processes in plants; however, there is scarce information about the influence that it may exert on the functioning of S metabolism. The aim of this work was to provide an overview of N and S metabolism in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) when exposed to different N sources. To do so, plants were grown in hydroponic conditions with nitrate or ammonium as N source at two concentrations (0.5 and 1 mM).Results: Metabolic changes mainly occurred in leaves, where ammonium caused the up-regulation of enzymes involved in the primary assimilation of N and a general increase in the concentration of N-compounds (NH4 +, amino acids and proteins). Similarly, the activity of key enzymes of primary S assimilation and the content of S-compounds (glutathione and glucosinolates) were also higher in leaves of ammonium-fed plants. Interestingly, sulfate level was lower in leaves of ammonium-fed plants, which was accompanied by the down-regulation of SULTR1 transporters gene expression. Conclusions: The results highlight the impact of the N source on different steps of N and S metabolism in oilseed rape, notably inducing N and S assimilation in leaves, and put forward the potential of N source management to modulate the synthesis of compounds with biotechnological interest, such as glucosinolates

Temporal variation of phytoplankton in two neighbouring Mediterranean shallow lakes in Doñana National Park (Spain)

This study was aimed at describing the phytoplankton dynamics and structure of two eutrophic to hypereutrophic Mediterranean shallow lakes (Santa Olalla and Dulce). The two systems are close together and can function as one water body at times of heavy rainfall, but once separated, they evolve differently. The Shannon diversity index was low for both shallow lakes (average values of 1.11 in Santa Olalla and 1.79 in Dulce). The average phytoplankton Chl a concentrations and primary production rates were very high, although slightly higher in Santa Olalla (365.2 mg m-3 and 1.29 g C m-3 h-1, respectively) than in Dulce (230 mg m-3 and 0.88 g C m-3 h-1). Phytoplankton variation in the lakes was related to shifts in the physical and chemical features of lake water as well as hydrological conditions, a finding that is corroborated by the canonical correspondence analysis results, which showed a different pattern of evolution in each system. Eight functional groups were found in Santa Olalla (D, H1, J, K, M, S1, W2 and Y), although the D, W2 and Y groups were only predominant during the first four months of the study. For the rest of the period, the system was particularly dominated by the H1, K and S1 groups. Dulce exhibited a more complex distribution of phytoplankton functional groups over time. Ten functional groups were observed in this system (D, H1, J, K, M, P, S1, S2, W2 and Y). Some characteristics of these systems, such as rapid water volume fluctuations, low light penetration and low concentration of inorganic nutrients, are stressful conditions for phytoplankton, which may account for the low phytoplankton diversity and the equilibrium phases recorded for many months in both wetlands.El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir la dinámica y estructura del fitoplancton en dos lagunas eutróficas a hipereutróficasMediterráneas (Santa Olalla y Dulce, España). Ambos sistemas están muy próximos y se unen superficialmente en periodos de fuertes lluvias, sin embargo, cuando el nivel desciende, evolucionan de forma separada. El índice de diversidad de Shannon fue bajo para ambos sistemas (valores promedio de 1.11 en Santa Olalla y 1.79 en Dulce). La concentración media de Chl a y las tasas de producción primaria del fitoplancton fueron muy altas, aunque ligeramente superior en Santa Olalla (365.2 mg m-3 y 1.29 g C m-3 h-1, respectivamente) con respecto a Dulce (230 mg m-3 y 0.88 g C m-3 h-1). Las variaciones del fitoplancton están relacionadas con cambios en las características físicas y químicas del agua, así como con las condiciones hidrológicas, lo que es corroborado por el Análisis de Correspondencia Canónica (CCA), que muestra un patrón de evolución diferente en ambos sistemas. En Santa Olalla fueron observados ocho grupos funcionales (D, H1, J, K, M, S1, W2 y Y), si bien los grupos D, W2 y Y sólo predominaron en los primeros cuatro meses de estudio. El resto del tiempo, el sistema estuvo dominado sobre todo por los grupos H1, K y S1. Dulce mostró una distribución más compleja de grupos funcionales a lo largo del tiempo, observándose diez grupos (D, H1, J, K, M, P, S1, S2, W2 y Y). Algunas de las características de ambos sistemas, como la rápida fluctuación en el volumen de agua, la baja penetración de la luz o la escasa concentración de nutrientes inorgánicos, son condiciones de estrés para el fitoplancton, lo que puede explicar su baja diversidad y las fases de equilibrio registradas durante muchos meses en ambos humedales

Efecto del tratamiento del agua en la elaboración de la cerveza: aplicación en una microcervecería artesanal

En este proyecto, se ha elaborado un estudio sobre el tratamiento del agua utilizada en la elaboración de cerveza artesanal de una microcervecería, situada en la localidad de Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz), Destraperlo S.A. Además, se han estudiado las propiedades del agua que afectan en dicha fabricación, planteando un tratamiento alternativo al llevado hasta ahora en la cooperativa, que se basa en la utilización de un equipo de ósmosis inversa. Así también, se ha realizado un estudio experimental de las propiedades finales de la cerveza, consistente en la comparación del tratamiento de agua antiguo y el propuesto en este proyecto. Esta comparación se efectuó mediante pruebas de laboratorio en las que se analizó la graduación alcohólica, el pH, el extracto real, el extracto seco primitivo, etc. Por último, en base a las conclusiones del trabajo, se discute el tratamiento óptimo que debe utilizarse.In this project, a study regarding the water treatment used in the elaboration of craft beer in a microbrewery has been carried out. This microbrewery is called Destraperlo S.A. and is located in Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz). In addition, the properties of water affecting brewing have been studied, proposing an alternative procedure to the water treatment that has been taking place in the company until nowadays. This is based on the use of reserve osmosis equipment. On top of that, an experimental study of the final properties of the beer has been carried out, comparing the old water treatment and the one proposed in this project. This comparison was performed by laboratory test in which the alcohol content, the pH, the real extract and the original extract were analyzed. Eventually, based on the conclusions of the project, the optimal treatment that needs to be used is discussed.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ingeniería Químic

Effects of cover crops and irrigation on ‘Tempranillo’ grapevine and berry physiology: An experiment under the Mediterranean conditions of Southern Portugal

In addition to irrigation, other viticultural practices such as soil management can be applied to improve grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) quality responses and attenuate unfavourable environmental conditions. Cover crops in the interrow of irrigated vineyards change the dynamics of water extraction and it is expected that the patterns of vines’ water relations will be modified, also changing their productive responses. This study took place over two seasons in ‘Tempranillo’ grapevines in a vineyard in South Portugal, where a cover crop was sown in the inter-rows of half the study area (SCC) while maintaining resident vegetation in the remaining (RV). Five water regime treatments were applied: full irrigation (200 mm irrigation amount–I200); moderate irrigation (150 mm–I150); deficit irrigation (100 mm–I100); ultra-deficit irrigation (50 mm–I50); rainfed (I0). Measurements of predawn leaf water potential (ΨPD), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic rate (An), and transpiration rate (E) were made during the final stages of the growth cycle. Data of soil water availability, yield and growth variables, and berries and wine composition were also used. Significant interactions between the effect of soil management and water regime were observed on ΨPD. A water competition effect exerted by the cover crop could be responsible for reduced water loss and carbon assimilation, whenever Spring rain is lower and/or the cover crop biomass development is not controlled. Differences in gs and An observed at midday and late measurements reflect the influence of the daily increase of atmospheric water demand. Stomatal closure of grapevines was less affected in plots of higher soil water storage capacity. The correlation between ΨPD and gs was higher in the midday and late measurements, pointing to the regulation of stomatal response in response to water availability and daily environmental conditions. Principal components analysis (PCA) evidenced an influence of water deficit on metabolic responses that benefit fruit and wine quality. The cluster analysis (CA) revealed that no significant cluster of cases was clearly controlled by soil management or water regime in the first season but, in the second, drier season, significant clustering more irrigation- than soil management-controlled showed that a predominant influence of irrigation should be expected for ‘Tempranillo’ grapevines grown under dry Mediterranean conditions

Desenvolvimento da parte aérea de xGraptosedum 'Francesco Baldi' (Sedum carnicolor) sob diferentes condições de sombreamento

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)As suculentas são plantas ornamentais populares no Brasil, mas há escassez de bibliografia sobre suas características e seu cultivo, visto o grande número de espécies e famílias. A xGraptosedum 'Francesco Baldi' é resultado do cruzamento de gêneros de plantas da família Crassulaceae. Objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento de Graptosedum F. em diferentes condições de sombreamento (pleno sol, malha preta 50%, malha preta 80% e sombra), cultivadas em substrato fibra de coco 40%. foram avaliadas características quantitativas (numero de folhas, largura da maior folha e altura de planta) e qualitativas (mudança de coloração das folhas da parte aérea, estiolamento, involução e conformação final). As mudas mantidas a pleno sol e sombra não apresentaram conformação final agradável. As plantas sob malha preta 50% apresentaram aspecto mais atraente pois desenvolveram mais folhas, não estiolaram nem involuíram. Portanto, recomenda-se o cultivo de Graptosedum F. sob malha 50%, em substrato de fibra de coco, irrigadas uma vez por semana

Producción de cefalosporinas usando un método semisintético con el uso de la enzima glutaril 7-ACA acilasa.

La producción de antibióticos β-lactámicos es la más grande de todos los medicamentos. Las cefalosporinas son una parte importante de esta producción, estos antibióticos son muy utilizados y han demostrado su efectividad más que de sobra, usándose tanto como preventivos, para evitar infecciones en pacientes inmunosuprimidos o para tratar infecciones. En este trabajo se propone un método semisintético para la producción de estos β-lactámicos, a partir del ácido 7 amino-cefalosporánico (7-ACA) obtenido mediante el uso de una enzima inmovilizada en una resina epóxido, la glutaril ácido 7 amino-cefalosporánico acilasa o cefalosporina C acilasa, usando como precursor la cefalosporina C (CPC). El método propuesto pretende que al final del proceso el rendimiento sea alto y que su producción sea rentable. Llegando a la conclusión de que el mismo no sólo posee un alto rendimiento, sino que también no genera residuos contaminantes y evita prácticamente en todo su recorrido el uso de disolventes orgánicos y el uso de catalizadores, que son altamente persistentes en el medio ambiente y muchos de ellos nocivos para los seres vivos. El método propuesto en este trabajo para la generación de 7-ACA posee un rendimiento del 92%, afirmando que el proceso se encuentra optimizado y su rendimiento es elevado

Aplicaçao multicentrica informatizada da coleta de dados clínicos na apendicite aguda

Orientador: Antonio C. L. CamposCo-orientadores: Emerson Paulo Borsato e José S. de Paula PintoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduaçao em Clínica Cirúrgica. Defesa: Curitiba, 20/12/2006Inclui bibliografi