The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies.Comment: 5th version as accepted to PASP; 31 pages, 18 figures; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/acb29

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Black Mothers, Black Sons: A Memoir

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Dissertation Studies: Speculative Essays ~ Speculative Memoir ~ Black Speculative Writing

In this session on pushing methodological boundaries, a group of researchers present their dissertation studies. These researchers use speculative essays (Schubert, 1991; also Foy, 2021; Negley, 2021; Schmidt, 2021), speculative memoir, Black speculative writing (e.g., science fiction, fantasy, magical realism, and Afrofuturism; Allen & Cherelle, 2019; Cooper, in progress) as forms of curriculum inquiry into a wide array of topics such as schooled to educate but not to profit--the political economy of education; if Black males could thrive: letters to our Black sons in white America through James Baldwin; culturally contested curriculum--African American students and classical education; Freedom’s song: cultivating creativity and releasing imagination through music--speculative memoir; speculating and resisting neoliberalism in teacher education; speculating a curriculum of empowerment, imagination, creativity, and wonder amidst the sabotaging confines of education standardization; where honeysuckles and azaleas bloom: a Southern Black woman reclaiming voice: a memoir; a Black women educator’s journey to anti-ableism, a memoir; shunned to death: the joys and fears of a Black mother sending her sons to school in the South: a memoir; Otherwise futures reimagined: Afrofuturism as liberation for Black women--a speculative fiction. These researchers explore creative ways to push methodological boundaries, perform dissertation writing and liberate academic writing by diving into life, writing into contradictions, and living against oppressions in schools, families, and communities in the U. S. South. Theoretical traditions and modes of expression are particularly explored. Innovative writings engendered from composing speculative essays, speculative memoir, and Black speculative fiction are demonstrated. Potentials, challenges, and future directions of speculative essays, speculative memoir, and Black speculative fiction and its representations are discussed

Part I & 2: Diving into Life and Writing into Contradictions​

In this dissertation works-in-progress session, a group of researchers present their dissertation studies on a wide array of topics such as Black children’s experience of racialized mainstream schooling in the US South; how Black high school males’ experience of the mainstream curriculum informs our ways of developing a culturally sustaining pedagogy; developing culturally sustaining pedagogy for African American students in rural Georgia; and oral histories of Black students and their descendants in the Willow Hill School in rural Georgia. These researchers explore creative ways to push methodological boundaries, perform dissertation writing, and liberate academic writing by diving into life and writing into contradiction in schools, families, and communities in the U. S. South. Through visual, graphic, multimedia, and performative presentations, the presenters will illustrate diverse forms of dissertation research and representations such as counternarratives, digital ethnography, critical race narrative inquiry, critical geography/critical dis/ability studies, critical portraiture, memoir, oral history, painting, dance, fiction, poetry, spoken word, and play. Theoretical traditions, forms of inquiry, and modes of expression are particularly explored. Innovative writings engendered from the inquiries are demonstrated. Potentials, challenges, and future directions of these inquiries and representations are also discussed

Pushing Methodological Boundaries~Liberating Academic Writing

In this symposium, multiethnic researchers from Georgia Southern University’s Ed. D. in Curriculum Studies program explore creative ways to push methodological and representational boundaries to liberate dissertation writing by diving into life and writing into contradiction in schools, families, and communities in the U. S. South. Through visual/graphic/multimedia presentations, reader’s theater, fictional narrative, freedom songs, poems, spoken word, drama, and play, the presenters will illustrate diverse forms of dissertation research and representations such as cultural studies/multipersectival cultural studies, critical geography/critical dis/ability studies, critical race narrative inquiry, personal~passionate~participatory inquiry, auto/biographical inquiry/currere, critical narrative inquiry, cross-cultural narrative inquiry, narrative multicultural inquiry, critical race photographic narrative inquiry, critical multiracial/mixed racial fictional auto/biographical inquiry, ethnographical inquiry, visual methodologies, visual/digital/sensory ethnography, visual/performative/graphic/picture/fictional narrative, photovoice, soundwalk, mobile podcasting, geotagging, poetic inquiry, womanist currere, critical portraiture, oral history, aesthetic/art-based inquiry, counternarrative, subaltern, indigenous, documentary, critical geography, speculative essay, speculative fiction, speculative memoir, speculative play, speculative poetry, and painting. Innovative writings engendered from the inquiries will be also demonstrated. Potentials, challenges, and future directions of various inquiries and representations are also discussed. Individual Presentations Within the Session: Presentation #1: Push Methodological Boundaries~Performing Dissertation Research~Liberating Academic Writing Ming Fang He & Peggy Shannon-Baker, Georgia Southern University Presentation #2: Teaching with Passion and Compassion in An Era of Fear, Injustice, and Political Uncertainty: A Narrative Inquiry into Elementary Teachers’ Experience in Georgia Erin Scroggs, Georgia Southern University Presentation #3: Black Skin, Darkened Curriculum: The Black Children’s Experience of Mainstream Schooling in Racialized Systems in the U. S. South Chanda Hadiman, Georgia Southern University Presentation #4: A Memoir: Being Mixed, Black And Filipino, and Multiracial in the U. S. South Georgia Middle School Nicole Moss, Georgia Southern University Presentation #5: “Their HighestPotential:” Oral Histories of Willow Hill Elementary--A Historically Black School in Georgia Laquanda Love, Georgia Southern University Presentation #6: Black Mothers, Black Sons: A Memoir Alethea Coleman, Georgia Southern University Presentation #7: Hyphenated Identity and Negotiated Intersectionality: A Memoir of A First-Generation Nigerian-American Male Teacher in An Inner City Title I Elementary School in Georgia Gerald Nwachukwu, Georgia Southern University Presentation #8: Educating Black Males in Black-Lives-Matter Movement Space Kimberly Hollis, Georgia Southern University Presentation #9: Counterstories: Black Male Teachers in Rural Georgia Brittany Jones-Turman, Georgia Southern University Presentation #10: Dissertation-Works-in-Progress Amanda Gonzales, Janet Cooks, Carmen Baker, Andrea Cramsey, Khristian Cooper, Lucia Benzor, Marianna Louise Anderson, and Cynthia Smith, Georgia Southern Universit

Research on Counternarratives of Curriculum in Schools, Neighborhoods, and Communities in the US South

This is a continuation of dialogue on pushing boundaries in dissertation work as we continue to research on and write about the counternarratives of curriculum of schools, neighborhoods, and communities in the U. S. South. We explore creative ways to push methodological and representational boundaries to liberate dissertation writing by diving into life and writing into contradiction in schools, families, and communities in the U. S. South. Through visual/graphic/multimedia presentations, reader’s theater, spoken word, drama, and performance, the presenters will illustrate diverse forms of dissertation research and representations such as critical race narrative inquiry, critical geography/critical dis/ability studies, critical multiracial/mixed racial fictional auto/biographical inquiry, multiperspectival poetic inquiry, multiperspectival cultural studies, womanist currere, critical portraiture, memoir, fiction, oral history, documentary film, and painting. Innovative writings engendered from the inquiries will be demonstrated. Potentials, challenges, and future directions of creative inquiries and representations will be discussed. There are three purposes to this session. One purpose of this presentation is to share our experience of moving beyond methodological and representational boundaries to liberate dissertation writing by diving into life and writing into contradiction in schools, families, and communities in the U. S. South. The second purpose is to explore creative ways to engage in and write about research and embed inquiry in school, neighborhood, and community life to transform research into positive social and educational change. Another purpose is to engage the audience from diverse research paradigms in discussions on how diverse forms of curriculum inquiry and modes of representation and expression help capture cultural, linguistic, and socio-political poetics of personal, community, and historical narrative; address pressing issues and contemporary concerns; make impact on practice, policy, and historical, social, political, economic, geographical, cultural, linguistic, and ecological contexts; and advance curriculum theorizing and praxis toward social justice. The potentials, challenges, and future directions of various inquiries and representations are also discussed. We begin with an overview of diverse forms of curriculum inquiry and modes of representation and expression with the intent to imagine and recognize possibilities to push methodological and representational boundaries to liberate dissertation writing. We then invigorate exploratory conversations on forms of inquiry modes of representation and expression that challenge traditional ways of engaging in, interpreting, and writing about research. We invite curriculum inquirers to engage in activist oriented research and writing, transcend inquiry boundaries, raise challenging questions, transgress orthodoxy and dogma, and research silenced narratives of underrepresented or disenfranchised individuals and groups with hearts and minds (Ayers, 2004, 2006; He & Ayers, 2008; hooks, 1994, 2003) to build a long term and heart felt participatory movement to promote cultural, linguistic, and ecological diversity and flourishing plurality of humanity (Schubert, 2009). The power of such inquiries and representations lies in its potential to locate experience within complex social, cultural, and linguistic contexts and enable researchers to dive into life and write into contradiction. Such inquiries and representations enable the researchers to develop a deeper understanding of cultural research phenomena, inquiry contexts, modes of inquiry, forms of representation, and possible educational and social changes engendered by research and writing. Such inquiries and representations thrive on the passionate involvement, commitment and advocacy of the researchers, and help cultivate hope and possibilities for better lives as experienced in diverse schools, families, and communities. Please list individual presentations within the session (see attached for details) Individual Presentations Within the Session: Presentation #1: Research on Counternarratives of Curriculum in Schools, Neighborhoods, and Communities in the South Ming Fang He, Georgia Southern University Presentation #2: Research on the Lived Experience of Chinese International Students at a Non-Research I University in the U. S. South Yiming Jin, Georgia Southern University (TA & Doctoral Fellow in Curriculum Studies; Email: Yiming Jin, or ) Presentation #3: Counternarratives of Students with Significant Disabilities in One Rural Elementary School in Georgia Christy Howard, Georgia Southern University (Teacher & Doctoral Candidate in Curriculum Studies; Email: Christy Howard ) Presentation #4: Counterstories of African American Students in a Racialized School System in Georgia Chanda R. Hardiman, Georgia Southern University (Teacher & Doctoral Candidate in Curriculum Studies; Emails: Chanda R. Hardiman or ) Presentation #5: Culturally Contested Curriculum? Developing Culturally Sustaining Curriculum for the Classical Education of African American Students in an Urban Georgia Middle School Ellen M. Hotchkiss, Georgia Southern University (Teacher & Doctoral Candidate in Curriculum Studies; Emails: Ellen M. Hotchkiss ) Presentation #6: Como se dice Learning: A Critical Ethnographic Linguistic Inquiry into Successful Foreign Language Learners in A Suburban Southeastern US High School Kathleen E. Barbara, Georgia Southern University (Teacher & Doctoral Candidate in Curriculum Studies; Emails: Kathleen E. Barbara ) Presentation #7: Teaching with Passion: Indigenous Thought and Storywork Ashley E. West, Georgia Southern University (Teacher & Doctoral Candidate in Curriculum Studies; Emails: Ashley E. West ) Presentation #8: Culturally Contested Curriculum? Developing Culturally Sustaining Curriculum for the Classical Education of African American Students in an Urban Georgia Middle School Mary E. Negley, Georgia Southern University (Teacher & Doctoral Candidate in Curriculum Studies; Emails: Mary Negley or ) Presentation #9: Cross-Cultural Narrative Inquiry into the Experience of Chinese Ethnic Minority Teachers Studying in US Universities Ru Li, Georgia Southern University (TA, Instructor, & Doctoral Candidate in Curriculum Studies; Emails: Ru Li ) Presentation #10: Using Fiction in High School English Language Classrooms Eden A. Evans, Georgia Southern University (Teacher & Doctoral Candidate in Curriculum Studies; Emails: Eden A. Evans or ) Presentation #11: Languages, Cultures, and Identities: Experiences of HBCU Students in a Study Abroad Program in Costa Rica Irina Tedrick, Georgia Southern University (University Instructor & Doctoral Candidate in Curriculum Studies; Emails: Irina Tedrick or ) Presentation #12: Place, Space, and the Education of Auditory-Oral Deaf Students in the Inclusion Classrooms: A Teacher’s Performative Memoir Tracy L. Edenfield, Georgia Southern University (Teacher & Doctoral Candidate in Curriculum Studies; Emails: Tracy L. Edenfield or ) Presentation #13: Teaching with Passion and Compassion: Stories of Successes, Obstacles, and Dreams of Dedicated Educators in Public Schools in Georgia Erin P. Scroggs, Georgia Southern University (Teacher & Doctoral Candidate in Curriculum Studies; Emails: Erin P. Scroggs or ) Presentation #14: Between Suicide and Murder : Post-Structural Reflections on Language Learning, Power, and Alterity Jennifer J. Bowers, Georgia Southern University (Teacher & Doctoral Candidate in Curriculum Studies; Emails: Jennifer J. Bowers or ) Presentation #15: Exploring Unwanted Roads Traveled on the Curriculum Roadmap of Life Katherine F. Wyatt, Georgia Southern University (Teacher & Doctoral Candidate in Curriculum Studies; Emails: Katherine F. Wyatt or ) Presentation #16: Joys and Fears of A Black Mother Raising Her Son in the US South: A Memoir Alethea Coleman, Georgia Southern University (Teacher & Doctoral Candidate in Curriculum Studies; Emails: Alethea Coleman

Power and Schooling in Troubling Times

Multiethnic practitioner researchers explore issues of power and schooling in relation to curriculum studies in troubling times. We discuss how the articulation and examination of issues of power and schooling are illuminated in 20 key texts of prominent educational thinkers (e.g., Bell, 1992; Coates, 2015; Dewey, 1931; Foucault, 1977; Freire, 1970/1992, 1998; Giroux, 1998; Grande, 2004; hooks, 1994; Illich, 1972; Kozol, 1992, 1981/1993; Lee, 2012; Nussbaum, 2010; Palmer,1998; Saïd, 1994; Schubert, 2009; Takaki, 1993; Watkins, 2011; Whitehead, 1929/1957; Zinn, 1980/2003). We particularly explore how 20 educational thinkers cultivate critical consciousness through counternarratives to explore issues of power and schooling such as race, gender, class, power, and place to contest the official or metanarrative that often portrays disenfranchised individuals and groups as deficient and inferior. The counternarratives in 20 key texts help tell silenced and neglected stories of repressions, suppressions, and subjugations that challenge stereotypes of Southern women, Blacks, and other disenfranchised individuals and groups and encourage examination of the forces of slavery, racism, sexism, classism, religious repression, and other forms of oppression on the life curriculum in schools, neighborhoods, and communities in troubling times. There are six specific purposes to the session. One purpose is to understand multiple theories of power. A second purpose is to engage in power analyses and critiques of pedagogical practices. The third purpose is to engage in power analyses and critiques of institutions in contemporary schooling. The fourth purpose is to engage in power analyses and critiques of policies and contexts in contemporary schooling. The fifth purpose is to explore the contradictions and complexities of competing theories of power

Power and Schooling in Troubling Times

Multiethnic practitioner researchers explore issues of power and schooling in relation to curriculum studies in troubling times. We discuss how the articulation and examination of issues of power and schooling are illuminated in 20 key texts of prominent educational thinkers (e.g., Bell, 1992; Coates, 2015; Dewey, 1931; Foucault, 1977; Freire, 1970/1992, 1998; Giroux, 1998; Grande, 2004; hooks, 1994; Illich, 1972; Kozol, 1992, 1981/1993; Lee, 2012; Nussbaum, 2010; Palmer,1998; Saïd, 1994; Schubert, 2009; Takaki, 1993; Watkins, 2011; Whitehead, 1929/1957; Zinn, 1980/2003). We particularly explore how 20 educational thinkers cultivate critical consciousness through counternarratives to explore issues of power and schooling such as race, gender, class, power, and place to contest the official or metanarrative that often portrays disenfranchised individuals and groups as deficient and inferior. The counternarratives in 20 key texts help tell silenced and neglected stories of repressions, suppressions, and subjugations that challenge stereotypes of Southern women, Blacks, and other disenfranchised individuals and groups and encourage examination of the forces of slavery, racism, sexism, classism, religious repression, and other forms of oppression on the life curriculum in schools, neighborhoods, and communities in troubling times. There are six specific purposes to the session. One purpose is to understand multiple theories of power. A second purpose is to engage in power analyses and critiques of pedagogical practices. The third purpose is to engage in power analyses and critiques of institutions in contemporary schooling. The fourth purpose is to engage in power analyses and critiques of policies and contexts in contemporary schooling. The fifth purpose is to explore the contradictions and complexities of competing theories of power